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‫Hello and welcome.

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‫This lecture we are going to be filling out our animation state machine so that there are more states

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‫here allowing us to have a animation that jumps us into that initial jump state.

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‫As you can see, there's a little bit more spring to my jump and we are going to learn about such things

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‫as automatic transitions and how to nest one state machine within another, which is what we're going

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‫to do for ad death animation.

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‫Now let's dive in and see how it works.

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‫So as promised in the last lecture, we're going to hook up our is airborne variable to the gameplay.

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‫Now the way we're going to do this is to get from the pawn or particularly from our shooter character.

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‫We want to find out essentially whether the character is airborne.

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‫And I find that the only way you can do this is essentially through the character movement component.

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‫So let me show you what I mean.

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‫If we go to our cast node that is casting to the shooter character, then we can drag off of this.

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‫In fact, what we can do is a more general cast in this particular instance because we don't need the

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‫specific information associated with is dead.

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‫So what I'm going to do here is we'll take this pin, the pawn owner, and we're going to do a cast

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‫to a character in this case, because all we need to know is that this is a character instance.

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‫Then we're going to add a new execution pin up at the sequence node, drag that down to our cast to

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‫character, and then from the character will drag off of its character pin.

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‫And we're going to look for basically something along the line of airborne nothing there maybe jump

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‫seems to be more interesting it's saying is jump providing force can jump jump all that sort of stuff.

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‫We got something there, but that's not quite it.

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‫How about if we look for falling?

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‫There you go.

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‫We've got an is falling.

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‫And if you click that, you can see that it automatically gets hold of the character movement component

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‫from that character to see whether we are falling or not.

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‫Then what we can do is we can pass that in to set the value of is airborne and obviously we're only

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‫going to be setting this if our cast to character succeeds.

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‫So let's hook in that execution pin right there.

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‫You can go ahead and compile that.

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‫Obviously, it's not going to change the preview, so we've got to go and try and play it.

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‫So let's play we jump and you can see we've got this falling variable instantly being true and that

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‫is working quite nicely actually.

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‫We were able to jump and land and jump and land and kill our enemies, obviously.

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‫So now I'd like to add a little bit more complication to our anim graph.

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‫So in the locomotion state machine at the moment, we've got two states here.

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‫But what I'd really like to do is to play a jumping animation, then an animation where we're airborne

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‫and then a landing animation when we hit the ground.

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‫To do that, we need some more states in our state machine.

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‫So let's go ahead.

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‫I'm going to do one of the set of states and you can do the final one.

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‫So the first one is going to be our jumping state.

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‫And that is going to play an animation that gets us off the ground.

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‫So let's go into the jumping state and to the output animation pose.

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‫We're going to link a new animation.

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‫We'll look for jump.

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‫We're looking for all the ones sub fixed with combat.

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‫So we're going to look for jump start combat.

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‫There you go.

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‫And that's what we want.

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‫Then we're going to go back to our locomotion state machine and we want to hook up some transitions.

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‫So we're going to transition from grounded to jumping.

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‫That's going to happen if we're airborne.

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‫So put in the air is airborne in there.

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‫Unfortunately, there's no way that I could see of changing the transition.

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‫So we're just going to have to delete the old transitions here in both cases.

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‫Then we're going to need a transition from jumping to is airborne, but we don't have a variable or

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‫state for that.

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‫So when is it that we're going to transition from jumping to his airborne?

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‫Well, we want to do it when the jumping animation has finished.

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‫When we've finished jumping, if you go and have a look at the jumping animation, you can see that

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‫it involves him lifting his feet off the ground like this.

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‫And so we want to basically transition into our apex animation when it's finished.

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‫Fortunately, there's an option for that in the transitions.

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‫If you select the transition rather than going into it, you can look at its details pane.

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‫And there's one option here.

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‫Which I expand out, says automatic rule based on sequence player in state.

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‫If you check that, basically what it's going to do is when we've nearly finished jumping, it's going

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‫to start transitioning into the next animation and you can actually control when that transition is

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‫and how long that crossfade is.

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‫Here in the blend settings, you can see the duration of the blend is about 0.2, but seeing as these

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‫two transitioning into each other particularly well, I'm going to make that 0.01.

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‫So I'm going to make that really short transition.

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‫So let's see what that looks like.

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‫So we're going to go into is airborne.

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‫It plays that jumping animation and then goes straight into the airborne state.

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‫Once the animation is finished.

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‫Let's try that one more time and we can try it one more time.

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‫That is the problem because we've got no transition out of the airborne state back to grounded and that

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‫is indeed going to be your challenge.

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‫So what you're going to do is add a landing state which is going to play a landing animation.

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‫So add the new state, add the animation that's most appropriate for landing.

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‫In your opinion, you might want to look for things with the jump prefix and the combat suffix.

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‫Then you're going to transition from airborne on a boolean into this landing state.

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‫And then from that landing state, you're going to transition to grounded when the landing animation

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‫has finished.

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‫Play it, play around, see how it feels.

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‫Does it feel good?

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‫Does it look right?

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‫And you may want to look at tweaking those transition times to see if that makes things feel better.

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‫Pause the video and have a go at playing around with our state machine.

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‫Okay.

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‫Welcome back.

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‫So let's give this a shot.

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‫We're going to add a new state in here.

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‫It's going to be called landing.

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‫And in this landing state, if we go in, we need an animation for it.

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‫I'm going to search for jump and what we want is jump land combat like so and then we can go back up

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‫to our locomotion state machine.

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‫We need a transition from airborne to landing.

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‫Let's double click on that.

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‫And this needs to be the not in not airborne basically so not node then the is airborne passed into

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‫that.

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‫So that's our transition condition.

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‫So when we're at the apex, once the not is airborne is unchecked, then we go into our landing state.

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‫Then from our landing state, we want to transition to grounded when finished.

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‫So if you click on the transition and check the automatic rule checkbox, it's going to do that when

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‫it's finished.

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‫So let's try that out.

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‫We're going to go into his airborne.

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‫It plays jumping, it goes into Airborne and then uncheck it.

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‫It goes to landing and back out.

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‫Let's do that again.

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‫Seems pretty good.

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‫Okay.

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‫So what we're going to do now is try playing it, jumping around and landing.

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‫Okay.

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‫This is feeling quite good.

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‫There's a little bit of lag when I'm landing between me landing and the running animation being played.

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‫So I'm going to click on the transition from landing to Grounded and have a look at our landing blend

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‫settings.

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‫Now we've got this duration of 0.1.

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‫That's how long it's taking us to do the transition and what's going on.

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‫So in our landing combat animation, how long is that landing?

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‫Combat animation?

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‫If I pause it, scroll along here.

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‫You can see that it is about 0.2.

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‫So it's actually taking the whole of that time and transitioning during that time in to our grounded

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‫locomotion.

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‫So that's kind of what we want because as soon as we've landed on the ground, as soon as the gameplay

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‫is telling us we've landed on the ground, we want to start showing some foot movement because otherwise

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‫it's going to look a little bit weird.

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‫So we want that transition to actually start happening as soon as possible, which is why we're playing

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‫very little of the landing animation and transitioning into the grounded one as much as quickly as possible.

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‫The only thing that we can really tweak here is the transition mode, which kind of dictates the shape

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‫of that curve as a shape of how much landing versus grounded we have over time.

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‫And you can test out various of these options, see which ones feel best for you.

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‫For me, it's the exponential out that feels best because that shows as much grounded as possible as

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‫early as possible, but without it feeling jarring.

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‫So if we now do is airborne and then go back to ground, you can see that it feels like it's going into

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‫grounded pretty quickly, which is what we want.

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‫So I'm going to go ahead and hit play and see if that feels better.

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‫Yeah, it feels a bit more responsive to me hitting the ground, which is exactly what I want.

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‫Now, in practice, if you had more animations here to work with, what you might want to do with the

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‫landed state is to have a blend space there and have a recovery animation.

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‫So depending how hard you hit the ground, you might hit you might play a recovery animation, which

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‫is blended depending on which direction you're moving in.

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‫So he would land with a hefty thud, but kind of stagger over to the left, for example.

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‫Now, that is not something that we're going to cover here just because we don't have the animations.

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‫But in theory, that's what you might do.

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‫So now one final kind of mini challenge for you is that we've currently got this blend poses by bool

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‫going on for our death animation.

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‫This could be done with a new state machine for death.

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‫See if you could try and refactor this anim graph so that it works with a state machine for death instead

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‫of this blend poses by bool.

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‫So hopefully you took me up on that challenge.

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‫What we're going to do is we're going to right click do a new state machine entirely new.

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‫We're going to rename this state machine to death or something similar like so then I'm going to go

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‫into that state machine and we're going to add two states.

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‫One is going to be the state alive and the other state is going to be dead.

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‫And then we're going to add some transitions.

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‫So transition from alive to dead, that is going to happen.

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‫If we double click, it's going to happen when is dead is true like so.

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‫And then we want a maybe we want a transition back to alive and we can just have that for testing purposes

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‫at least that's going to have a not boolean and it's going to have is dead so basically is not dead.

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‫We're going to go back the other way.

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‫We want to default to being in the alive state.

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‫That makes sense.

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‫And then we need some animations to play.

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‫So for Dead, we've already got that death animation.

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‫So I'm going to go in back up to the anim graph to cut that out, go back into the dead state and paste

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‫that death animation in here.

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‫Then in our live state.

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‫What do we want to play there?

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‫Well, actually, we want to play everything else.

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‫We want to play the aim of sets.

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‫We want to play the locomotion.

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‫So I'm going to cut all of that.

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‫And this is where it gets interesting.

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‫Now we've got a state machine running within a state machine, which is entirely possible.

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‫So we can then pipe in this aim of set into our output for the alive state and go back up to our anim

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‫graph entirely, remove all the nodes here and just pipe our death state machine into our output.

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‫And this works because we've got two top level states.

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‫Basically, we're saying they're either alive or dead.

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‫If you're dead, you just play a death animation.

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‫If you're alive, however, you do this aim offset and you do your locomotion state machine, which

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‫in turn has its own set of states.

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‫So it's layering state machine on top of state machine.

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‫Hopefully you see how that can be really powerful.

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‫So we can do now is dead, which overrides everything else that's running.

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‫It's no longer running the locomotion state machine because we're just playing that death animation.

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‫If I die as we go back to running the animation for a live but we can replay our death crucially, which

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‫previously we couldn't do.

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‫And that's because when you leave a state in an animation state machine, it resets the animation within

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‫it, it resets it to the beginning.

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‫So that's a really useful feature here for death.

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‫So to recap, what we've learnt about in this lecture is how to make more complex state machines and

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‫state machines within each other.

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‫And we've seen about automatic transitions and how they can help us make a sequence of transitions happen

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‫more easily.

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‫And I'll see you in the next lecture.