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Now that we have finished our analysis of the previous question type, it's now time for us to go ahead

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and move into taking a look at the strategy for the sentence completion question.

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The sentence completion question is, I would say probably a mid range level question in terms of difficulty.

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It's not as easy as the short answer or the field, the blank question, but it's not as difficult as

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a paragraph location or choosing to to five from a list question.

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So let's go ahead and take a look at this sentence completion question.

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First of all, on the right hand side, you can see the way this question looks.

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They're going to be giving you like half of a sentence.

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Most of the time, they're going to give you the first part of the sentence.

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And then you have to look in the box and you see a, B, C, D, E, F, g, h, and you have to be

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able to decide which one of those answer choices is the missing half of the sentence.

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So, for example, for number five, it says Brice Pitt believes.

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So what does he believe?

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Now, sometimes students will ask me, they'll say, well, can I just look in the box and just pick

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something that I think fits doesn't work that way.

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It doesn't work that way because if you look, multiple answer choices could fit that.

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Bryce Pit believes material wealth doesn't necessarily create happiness.

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Bryce Pit believes optimists tend to be unrealistic about human evolution.

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Bryce Pit believes optimism is and is advantageous for human evolution.

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So you see, you can't just look at the box and choose something that you think looks right, doesn't

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work that way.

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You have to be able to go find the matching.

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You have to be able to go find the sentence in the passage where it talks about what Bryce Pit believes.

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Read that sentence, then look at the answer choices and find the matching paraphrase for what he believes.

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That's the way it works.

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So when we look at the question requirements, this question is asking students to go to the passage

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and locate the missing portion portion.

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There's a scanning requirement.

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You have to be able to look at the keywords and the question, go find that language, read it, and

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then find the match.

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Now, this question is a little more challenging because it requires deeper understanding instead of

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just looking for a synonym word match.

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Here you're really looking for a paraphrase of like several words.

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So when we go and find out what Brice Pitts said, you may have to look at six or seven words in that

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sentence for what he said.

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They look at the answer choices and look for a paraphrase of that belief or a paraphrase of that statement.

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So it requires a deeper level of understanding.

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So in terms of strategy, in terms of some helpful strategic information, this question goes in order.

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I want to say, most of the time it does.

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There have only been a couple of rare, rare occasions where it hasn't gone in order.

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And the only time that has happened is if you have like questions five and six are in back to back sentences

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and it might be out of order.

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That's the only time I've really seen that.

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So I can't say all the time, but my my first assumption is that it's going to go in order.

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Number two, I would do this question if I have a question set in.

46
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My question said, I have a field of blank question.

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I have a sentence completion question and I have a yes no, not given question.

48
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I'm probably going to do the field of blank and the yes no, not given and then do the sentence completion

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question because it just, you know, it would give me a chance to really look at the passage and get

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a handle on the passage, understanding of the passage before doing the sentence completion question,

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which requires a little bit deeper understanding.

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Number three, very often an answer choice is a combination of two sentences.

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And what I mean by that is if you're looking at a paragraph.

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And you have paragraph B, right?

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The question part might come from the second sentence and then the answer part might come from the third

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sentence.

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So really, they're creating a compound combination of the second and third sentences to create the

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question and the answer.

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They're putting it together in one sentence.

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And so you need to be aware of that.

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You need to be aware of that.

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And when we look at a couple of examples, I'll try to point that out to you.

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So now let's take a look at how to attack this question in terms of strategy.

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First of all, you want to look at the questions and identify the keywords, right?

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You have to focus on the words in the question, the question words, not the answer.

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Choices, the words and the answer choices don't matter until after you have found the matching sentence.

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Now, when you're looking at the the questions, you want to look at it and decide, well, which questions

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are going to be the easiest to attack first?

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Right.

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Which questions?

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Have a name, right?

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A proper name or a number or very specific language.

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Those are going to be the questions that are easiest to find first.

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And I think you want to find the easiest ones first.

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Because remember what I told you, that the questions go in order.

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Most of the time.

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And so that means if number two is the easiest to find, first, start with number two, find number

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2/1.

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Then you know, number one is right before that and number three is after that one right after.

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You've identified the easiest question and scan for that question, you want to then read the matching

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sentences or sentence and then look in the box at choices.

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A b, c, d, e.

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F, g.

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H.

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Looking at the box and find which one has the matching missing information.

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That's what you're doing here.

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Which one has the matching missing information?

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So most of the time, strategy, strategy and tactics for the ILS exam for the reading part is very

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straightforward to understand.

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The challenge is application.

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How well can you apply it?

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How well can you scan and how fast can you process English and find matching meaning?

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Because here we're dealing with paraphrasing most often paraphrasing, not matching up synonym words,

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which is a higher level and more difficult level of English.

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So let's look at this example here.

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Let's look at this example here.

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All right.

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We identify the keywords identified, the easiest to scan first read the sentence, match, apply to

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strategy.

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So all of these are probably really straightforward to find.

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Right.

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Is usually usually for this question.

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It's not difficult to find the sentence because you can look at number five here.

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And when you look at number five, right, you see Bryce Pit.

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That's easy to find.

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Henley Center, easy to find.

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Adweek Easy to find.

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Annual review of clinical psychology, easy to find.

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Stephen Stack Easy to find.

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Once you have to be aware of what this question is, that sometimes a name can appear more than once.

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So what?

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I'm looking for the name Bryce Pit.

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I'm going to check if I see his name more than once.

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Because sometimes the first place you see his name won't match anything.

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And then the second time you see his name, it actually matches it actually gives what he believes.

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So you want to always be aware of that possibility.

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So we look here for this paragraph.

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Right.

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And what I'm looking at here, everybody, are numbers seven, eight and nine.

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Right.

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Seven, eight and nine.

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So when we look at number seven, let's go ahead and read what it says.

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Number seven says the study conducted by Ad Week finds.

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Few studies have tried to ascertain the proportion of optimists in the world, but a 19 a 1995 nationwide

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study conducted by the American magazine Adweek found that about half the population counted themselves

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as optimists, with women slightly more apt than men to see the sunny side.

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So here everything is coming from one sentence, really one sentence.

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Because the first part, the study, the study conducted by Ad Week, we see that the first time nationwide

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survey conducted by the American magazine Ad Week, there is the first half of the sentence.

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There's the first half of the sentence.

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End.

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What did he find?

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Found.

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Finds.

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That about half the population counted themselves as optimists, with women slightly more apt than men.

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That's a match for choice.

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E.

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Right.

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The feelings of optimism vary according to gender.

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Look at how they're using synonym language.

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They're not they're not using the same words.

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Women and men.

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Right.

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Or women more than men.

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They're for women and men.

146
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They're using gender.

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They're testing your English.

148
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Keep in mind, that's what they're doing.

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They're testing your English.

150
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Women more than men.

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Synonym for vary.

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That's the test of English.

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It's a paraphrase.

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It's a paraphrase.

155
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Okay, now let's go ahead and move on to number eight.

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Number eight says the annual review of clinical psychology reports.

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So now let's move down to the second paragraph.

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Optimism is one of the central traits required in building resilience, say Yale University investigators

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in the annual review of clinical psychology.

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There's the first part.

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So this is a situation where they're taking the first half from one sentence and then the answer choices

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in the second sentence.

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They answer that resilient people learn to hold onto their sense of humor, and this can help them to

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keep a flexible attitude when big changes are planned are warranted.

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Right.

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So that's a match for choice number G.

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Choice G C is evenness of mind under stress.

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So look what it says.

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Hold onto their sense of humor.

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Right.

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And this could help them keep a flexible attitude.

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That's all paraphrasing of evenness, of mind under stress.

173
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Right.

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To building resilience.

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To building resilience.

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Right.

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So you have to be able it's all about paraphrasing with the sentence completion question.

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None of the other answer choices are a really good paraphrase of that language.

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Now some people might say, Well, how come I can't choose H as an answer?

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Well, you can't choose AIDS because AIDS is talking about having an optimistic outlook as a habit.

181
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Right.

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They're not talking about habits here.

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They're not talking about habits here.

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Choice nine, Stephen Sack says in his report.

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Now, Steven Sach is going to be easy to find.

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We just need to check if his name appears more than once.

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So one of the best ways to acquire resilience is through experiencing a difficult childhood.

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The psychologist Stephen Check.

189
00:13:14,070 --> 00:13:17,880
Stephen Stack reports in the Journal of Social Psychology.

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So that is a match for what?

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DX.

192
00:13:24,910 --> 00:13:28,330
Adversity is the breeding ground of resilience.

193
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Right.

194
00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:37,180
Difficulty experiencing difficulty is the same as adversity.

195
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Right.

196
00:13:38,590 --> 00:13:41,170
And we see they're talking about acquiring resilience.

197
00:13:41,650 --> 00:13:47,350
So, again, paraphrasing, paraphrasing, paraphrasing that.

198
00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:52,660
So some questions require a higher level of English.

199
00:13:53,140 --> 00:14:00,190
So, for example, filled the blank questions, basic level English sentence sentence completion questions

200
00:14:00,670 --> 00:14:04,420
are more of upper intermediate, intermediate English.

201
00:14:04,690 --> 00:14:11,590
Then when you get to the paraphrase, the paragraph location question or the choose 2 to 5 from a list

202
00:14:11,710 --> 00:14:14,530
that's probably closer to advanced level English work.

203
00:14:15,010 --> 00:14:17,980
So different questions require different levels of English.

204
00:14:24,930 --> 00:14:26,490
Here we have another example.

205
00:14:27,420 --> 00:14:28,040
Right.

206
00:14:28,050 --> 00:14:31,200
So here we're looking at numbers ten and 11.

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00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:36,870
Number ten says headline of colony collapse disorder states that.

208
00:14:37,260 --> 00:14:38,970
So now look at paragraph a.

209
00:14:44,890 --> 00:14:53,860
Recently, ominous headlines have described a mysterious ailment colony collapse disorder that is wiping

210
00:14:53,860 --> 00:14:56,410
out the honeybees that pollinate many crops.

211
00:14:57,460 --> 00:14:59,710
So there is the first part.

212
00:15:00,910 --> 00:15:04,540
Now the second part that we have to match is in the second sentence.

213
00:15:05,140 --> 00:15:12,880
Without honeybees, the story goes, feels will be sterile, economies will collapse and food will be

214
00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:13,780
scarce.

215
00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:16,390
That's a match for what choice be?

216
00:15:16,690 --> 00:15:21,040
It would cause severe consequences both to commerce and agriculture.

217
00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:22,870
Synonym language.

218
00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:27,170
Economies will collapse.

219
00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:33,230
Standing in for commerce fields will be sterile, synonym for agriculture.

220
00:15:34,100 --> 00:15:34,790
Right.

221
00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:37,850
That's that's what we're doing now.

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00:15:37,850 --> 00:15:38,900
Number 11.

223
00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:43,580
Viewpoints of freeness manifests that right.

224
00:15:43,580 --> 00:15:45,590
So here we have the same thing.

225
00:15:46,340 --> 00:15:47,570
The same thing.

226
00:15:48,140 --> 00:15:48,530
Right.

227
00:15:48,530 --> 00:15:50,480
The first part, Reno and Phoenix.

228
00:15:50,600 --> 00:15:51,110
Reno.

229
00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:56,090
Reno, Fritos is right here at the beginning of Section DX.

230
00:15:57,170 --> 00:16:02,060
And then the second part contains the actual answer choice.

231
00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:07,150
Bruno Freitas.

232
00:16:08,030 --> 00:16:08,750
And.

233
00:16:09,770 --> 00:16:17,870
Agronomists pointed out that in nature, such a high degree of specialization usually is a very dangerous

234
00:16:17,870 --> 00:16:18,470
game.

235
00:16:18,920 --> 00:16:25,400
It works well, while all the rest is an equilibrium, but runs quickly to extinction.

236
00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:34,160
At the very least, this balance in effect, by developing an agricultural system that is heavily reliant

237
00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:41,570
on a single pollinator species, we humans have become risky, rascally, over specialized.

238
00:16:42,680 --> 00:16:43,950
That's a match for choice.

239
00:16:43,970 --> 00:16:48,700
A and agricultural system is fragile when relying on a single pollinate.

240
00:16:48,890 --> 00:16:50,150
A single pollinator.

241
00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:59,790
Right when it when it says humans have become rascally over specialized.

242
00:17:00,060 --> 00:17:01,890
That's synonym for fragile.

243
00:17:03,570 --> 00:17:03,870
Right.

244
00:17:03,870 --> 00:17:06,810
We see single pollinator species there already.

245
00:17:08,300 --> 00:17:10,490
And we also see agricultural system.

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So choice F is a match for that language.

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Okay.

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So coming up next in the next lectures coming up, we're going to give you a full passage application,

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a full passage application, so you can see the way that the scanning works for this question type and

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also how the application process works for this question type.

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Thank you very much for joining me and I look forward to talking to you in the next lecture.

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Take care.