1
00:00:00,420 --> 00:00:02,970
Hello, everybody, and thank you for joining me.

2
00:00:02,970 --> 00:00:05,760
And another question, strategy review.

3
00:00:06,150 --> 00:00:12,420
Now we're going to go ahead and look at a very difficult question for a lot of students on the aisles

4
00:00:12,420 --> 00:00:13,500
reading exam.

5
00:00:13,590 --> 00:00:19,740
We're going to take a look at and really try to tackle the paragraph location question.

6
00:00:20,070 --> 00:00:21,720
So let's go ahead and get into it.

7
00:00:24,140 --> 00:00:28,620
So look here on the right and you can remember and recall.

8
00:00:28,640 --> 00:00:30,710
What does this question look like?

9
00:00:31,010 --> 00:00:35,720
It always going to say which paragraph contains the following information.

10
00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:41,300
Or sometimes if you're doing the general exam, which section contains the following information?

11
00:00:42,020 --> 00:00:46,100
It doesn't matter if it's the general or the academic exam.

12
00:00:46,100 --> 00:00:50,990
The exact same question strategy the exact same question strategy.

13
00:00:51,290 --> 00:00:51,890
Right.

14
00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:58,820
Except for on one test they may use section and on the other they'll use the words paragraph.

15
00:00:59,180 --> 00:01:04,670
But in terms of the requirements, the idea is really, really straightforward.

16
00:01:05,030 --> 00:01:09,260
They want you to locate the paragraph that has the information.

17
00:01:09,260 --> 00:01:12,650
So, for example, number 14 says.

18
00:01:16,410 --> 00:01:19,890
A comparison of the past and present transportation methods.

19
00:01:19,890 --> 00:01:28,140
So you have to look and find which one of these paragraphs, which one of the paragraphs A through H,

20
00:01:28,590 --> 00:01:35,250
which one of the sections has information that is comparing the past and the present transportation

21
00:01:35,250 --> 00:01:36,030
methods.

22
00:01:37,010 --> 00:01:37,400
Right.

23
00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:43,250
Or for number 16, the relative merits of cars and public transport.

24
00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:47,030
Again, which paragraph is talking about that?

25
00:01:47,030 --> 00:01:52,790
Which paragraph is discussing the merits of cars and public transport?

26
00:01:53,610 --> 00:01:59,730
Now vocabulary comes, it becomes very important because they're using words like Merritt's.

27
00:02:00,090 --> 00:02:06,720
So if if you don't know what that word means, it might cause you some pause and hesitation that can

28
00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:07,530
slow you down.

29
00:02:07,530 --> 00:02:10,320
So vocabulary is always really, really important.

30
00:02:12,900 --> 00:02:17,640
Or like number 18 that says the increasing use of motor vehicles.

31
00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,140
Which paragraph is talking about the increasing use of motor vehicles?

32
00:02:25,560 --> 00:02:28,920
Now this question does require scanning.

33
00:02:29,820 --> 00:02:30,030
Right.

34
00:02:30,060 --> 00:02:33,900
You must scan for the matching language from the question or for the question.

35
00:02:34,290 --> 00:02:40,770
However, there is a there's a very difficult way to go about scanning, and there is an easier way

36
00:02:40,770 --> 00:02:43,020
or less difficult method of scanning.

37
00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:50,940
And I think after I explain this to you, you're going to understand maybe why you found this question

38
00:02:50,940 --> 00:02:57,480
to be so difficult in the past, because I'm going to tell you how to make the scanning process much,

39
00:02:57,480 --> 00:02:58,560
much easier.

40
00:02:59,100 --> 00:03:02,550
Now, we have to always think about that.

41
00:03:02,550 --> 00:03:06,180
We have to match language, location.

42
00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:14,270
And this question can be difficult because the matching language can be from any sentence in a paragraph.

43
00:03:16,050 --> 00:03:23,130
Right now, topic sentences can be very, very helpful because topic sentences tell you what a paragraph

44
00:03:23,130 --> 00:03:23,970
is about.

45
00:03:24,450 --> 00:03:30,570
And very often if you understand that controlling idea from the topic sentence or the first two sentences,

46
00:03:30,900 --> 00:03:35,160
it can help, you know that that paragraph contains the information for that question.

47
00:03:35,370 --> 00:03:44,520
However, keep in mind you can have one paragraph that has eight sentences and they may pull information

48
00:03:44,520 --> 00:03:46,950
from the fifth sentence in a paragraph.

49
00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:49,710
So it can be very, very challenging.

50
00:03:49,710 --> 00:03:53,430
But like I said, I'm going to tell you how to make it much easier.

51
00:03:59,150 --> 00:04:03,980
So this is a difficult question, a time consuming question.

52
00:04:04,490 --> 00:04:11,140
So we're always I'm always going to recommend that you do it last very often in a reading pass.

53
00:04:11,200 --> 00:04:13,340
Just say you're doing reading passage number two.

54
00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:18,070
The paragraph location question is going to be mentioned first in the question said.

55
00:04:19,140 --> 00:04:20,610
You'll be mentioned first.

56
00:04:20,940 --> 00:04:31,640
So for example, the paragraph location question might be questions 15 to 19 and then questions 20 to

57
00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:42,420
24 might be filled the blank question and then questions 25 to 29 could be a yes no, not given question.

58
00:04:44,910 --> 00:04:51,120
So if you haven't set up that way, if you haven't set up that way, do not start.

59
00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:58,770
Even though the paragraph location question is first in the set of questions, don't do it first.

60
00:04:59,580 --> 00:05:00,420
Again.

61
00:05:00,420 --> 00:05:01,800
Don't do it first.

62
00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:09,000
There's a reason why if you do it first, you're about to make it really, really difficult because

63
00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:15,480
the question does not go in order and you'll be spending 10 minutes just trying to scan and wasting

64
00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:16,650
so much time.

65
00:05:17,310 --> 00:05:23,940
Do the in order questions first, then go back and do the paragraph location question.

66
00:05:26,070 --> 00:05:32,880
Then go back and do the paragraph location question because that's going to give you an opportunity

67
00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:39,960
to read through a lot of the paragraphs, and it will give you an opportunity to note if you come across

68
00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:47,160
any of the key words from the paragraph location question, because first you're going to highlight

69
00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:52,530
the key words in the paragraph location question, then you're going to go do the other question types

70
00:05:52,950 --> 00:05:54,510
in that set then.

71
00:05:54,840 --> 00:05:59,370
And then when you're doing the other question types, you're going to underline or highlight.

72
00:05:59,370 --> 00:06:04,950
If you come across any of those key words from the paragraph location question, then when you finish

73
00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:08,640
the in order question types or the other question types like a matching question.

74
00:06:10,850 --> 00:06:13,600
Then you're going to come back to the paragraph location question.

75
00:06:13,610 --> 00:06:19,150
It'll be much easier because you would have probably found you probably would have found half to half

76
00:06:19,160 --> 00:06:20,690
the answer choices already.

77
00:06:31,610 --> 00:06:31,850
Okay.

78
00:06:31,880 --> 00:06:38,060
So let's go over the strategy now, more specifically in terms of the paragraph location question.

79
00:06:38,420 --> 00:06:43,010
As I said earlier, you want to first locate the keywords and the questions.

80
00:06:43,930 --> 00:06:51,160
This is very crucial to saving time after you have highlighted or underlined the keywords and the questions

81
00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:53,080
like here for numbers one through six.

82
00:06:53,410 --> 00:06:58,600
Then you go and do the other questions, do the end or the questions or like the matching question in

83
00:06:58,600 --> 00:06:59,770
the set first.

84
00:07:02,660 --> 00:07:09,440
You're doing that because it's going to give you a great opportunity to look at the information in all

85
00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:13,730
the other paragraphs because you are doing these questions that go in order.

86
00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:20,390
Also, you're going to keep your eyes open for any of those words that you've highlighted, any of those

87
00:07:20,390 --> 00:07:23,540
keywords you've highlighted in the paragraph location question.

88
00:07:25,010 --> 00:07:29,570
Then you're going to return to the question, return to the paragraph location question.

89
00:07:29,840 --> 00:07:36,620
And probably you would have already found a language that might match numbers one, three, four and

90
00:07:36,620 --> 00:07:37,340
five.

91
00:07:37,700 --> 00:07:43,880
So four of them you may have already been able to do right away because you were able to note where

92
00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:45,710
you saw that keyword language.

93
00:07:46,610 --> 00:07:47,000
Right.

94
00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:48,280
Then you're going to go ahead.

95
00:07:48,290 --> 00:07:54,380
Now, if you haven't found number one and number six yet, then you're going to go ahead and scan for

96
00:07:54,380 --> 00:07:59,330
the matching paragraphs for those questions, making sure you pay attention to topic sentences with

97
00:07:59,390 --> 00:08:03,340
topic sentences, because those could be very, very helpful for you.

98
00:08:03,380 --> 00:08:07,190
Match the language up and then you would have found your answer choices.

99
00:08:10,990 --> 00:08:14,050
Let's go ahead and take a look at an example here.

100
00:08:14,880 --> 00:08:15,130
All right.

101
00:08:15,130 --> 00:08:21,310
So in this example, we look at section A first look, a section a first.

102
00:08:24,020 --> 00:08:31,010
And within the first two sentences of Section A, I can see that it belongs to question number three.

103
00:08:32,070 --> 00:08:35,010
The climate of the earth is always changing.

104
00:08:35,550 --> 00:08:41,790
In the past it is it has it has altered as a result of natural causes.

105
00:08:42,510 --> 00:08:47,340
Nowadays, however, the term climate change is generally used when referring to changes in our climate.

106
00:08:47,370 --> 00:08:50,070
Clearly from the very first sentence.

107
00:08:51,220 --> 00:08:52,480
From the very first sentence.

108
00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:56,920
I know that this is really the match for number three.

109
00:08:59,780 --> 00:09:02,120
So you can see how important.

110
00:09:02,660 --> 00:09:06,980
You can see how relevant it is to understand topic sentences.

111
00:09:09,620 --> 00:09:12,140
Look at look at Section B.

112
00:09:13,020 --> 00:09:19,170
The greenhouse effect is very important when we talk about climate change as it relates to the gases

113
00:09:19,170 --> 00:09:21,870
which keep the earth warm already.

114
00:09:22,170 --> 00:09:24,120
We're talking about a greenhouse effect.

115
00:09:24,330 --> 00:09:27,180
This matches, number one, a natural phenomenon.

116
00:09:27,180 --> 00:09:29,370
We're talking about a natural phenomenon here.

117
00:09:29,790 --> 00:09:30,390
Right.

118
00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:33,390
And I know that just from the topic sentence.

119
00:09:34,220 --> 00:09:35,990
Just from the topic sentence.

120
00:09:36,710 --> 00:09:41,720
Now, the topic sentence is it doesn't work like that 100% of the time.

121
00:09:42,020 --> 00:09:45,680
But I'm telling you, they're very, very helpful.

122
00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:52,160
But as I've told you in the past, sometimes they're going to design some of the questions or only a

123
00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:56,180
student they can get in eight or nine in reading, we'll be able to do very well.

124
00:09:56,540 --> 00:10:02,690
And those are the ones when you might have a big paragraph of eight or nine sentences, and they'll

125
00:10:02,690 --> 00:10:07,850
pull a sentence from sentence number six or sentence number five in that big paragraph.

126
00:10:08,210 --> 00:10:11,090
And that one is more difficult to scan for.

127
00:10:13,870 --> 00:10:15,250
Now Section D.

128
00:10:15,820 --> 00:10:20,860
There are many institutions around the world whose sole priority is to take action against these environmental

129
00:10:20,860 --> 00:10:21,430
problems.

130
00:10:21,460 --> 00:10:25,780
A clearly a match is clearly a match for number four.

131
00:10:26,290 --> 00:10:34,720
So really, sometimes a paragraph location question is very much like a headings question sometimes.

132
00:10:35,590 --> 00:10:38,680
Sometimes it's very much like a headings question.

133
00:10:39,530 --> 00:10:45,260
Very much like a headings question because you could look at numbers one, two, three and four.

134
00:10:46,270 --> 00:10:49,570
And they can actually be headings for these sections.

135
00:10:50,620 --> 00:10:51,180
Right.

136
00:10:51,190 --> 00:10:54,880
But as I've told you, it's not always that way.

137
00:10:55,330 --> 00:11:01,450
The topic sentences are very helpful, but sometimes they'll pull information from the middle of a paragraph

138
00:11:01,570 --> 00:11:03,090
and you need to be aware of that.

139
00:11:03,100 --> 00:11:04,600
You must be aware of that.

140
00:11:10,630 --> 00:11:10,870
Right.

141
00:11:10,950 --> 00:11:12,780
And here we have another example.

142
00:11:13,590 --> 00:11:18,360
Section A The probability that two right handed people would have a left handed child is only about

143
00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:19,920
9.5%.

144
00:11:20,970 --> 00:11:25,020
The chances rise, the chance rises to 19.5%.

145
00:11:25,050 --> 00:11:30,510
If one parent is a leftie and 26% if both parents are left handed.

146
00:11:31,950 --> 00:11:37,890
So this matches what where they talk about how likely one handedness is born.

147
00:11:38,130 --> 00:11:40,590
This is where you're going to find that information.

148
00:11:43,750 --> 00:11:50,920
Section B genetic theory is also undermined by results from Peter Pepper and his team at Queen's University

149
00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:53,710
in Belfast, Ireland in 2004.

150
00:11:53,740 --> 00:12:00,490
The psychologist used ultrasound to show that by the 15th week of pregnancy, fetuses already have a

151
00:12:00,490 --> 00:12:03,010
preference as to which thumb they suck.

152
00:12:03,310 --> 00:12:06,520
So this one is matching number three, right?

153
00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:08,830
This is where you're going to find that information.

154
00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:10,900
And then paragraph C.

155
00:12:11,320 --> 00:12:17,830
But even if these correlations were true, they did not explain what actually causes left handedness.

156
00:12:17,860 --> 00:12:23,950
Furthermore, specialization on either side of the body is common among animals.

157
00:12:24,070 --> 00:12:29,620
So this is where you're going to find the information for number one preference of using one side of

158
00:12:29,620 --> 00:12:31,570
the body in an animal species.

159
00:12:31,870 --> 00:12:33,250
You see the way that works.

160
00:12:35,320 --> 00:12:37,570
Very often, not always.

161
00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:38,980
Very often.

162
00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:42,280
This question is very similar to a headings question.

163
00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:45,070
Very similar.

164
00:12:45,550 --> 00:12:52,870
Now when I get into the next lectures and I'm showing you how to analyze this question and scan with

165
00:12:52,870 --> 00:13:00,220
this question from a full from a full reading passage, we'll come across some of the ones where the

166
00:13:00,220 --> 00:13:03,400
information is located in the middle of a paragraph.

167
00:13:03,610 --> 00:13:04,270
Right.

168
00:13:04,390 --> 00:13:07,090
And that is going to be much more of a challenge to do.

169
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:09,130
Right.

170
00:13:09,130 --> 00:13:10,300
Here's another one.

171
00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:11,390
Right.

172
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:12,550
Here's one more.

173
00:13:14,680 --> 00:13:22,300
And with this one look at paragraph DX, it also seems that the neurological roots of the biology of

174
00:13:22,300 --> 00:13:27,400
the bilingual advantage extend to brain areas more traditionally associated with sensory processing.

175
00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:34,480
When monolingual and bilingual adolescents listen to simple speech sounds without any intervening background

176
00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,810
noise, they show highly similar brainstem responses.

177
00:13:39,500 --> 00:13:39,800
Right.

178
00:13:39,910 --> 00:13:41,620
So this one is more.

179
00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:44,520
Difficult, right?

180
00:13:44,520 --> 00:13:45,870
This is more difficult.

181
00:13:47,870 --> 00:13:50,510
Because, look, this is one where it comes in the middle.

182
00:13:50,510 --> 00:13:52,310
This is one where it comes in the middle.

183
00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:53,240
Right.

184
00:13:53,450 --> 00:14:00,320
Because number 11 now, I can guess from this from this paragraph that we're talking about, bilingual

185
00:14:00,320 --> 00:14:01,370
and monolingual.

186
00:14:01,610 --> 00:14:02,440
Monolingual.

187
00:14:02,450 --> 00:14:04,400
I can get that from the paragraph.

188
00:14:05,590 --> 00:14:09,910
But what might mess with some people is where does it talk about they're different.

189
00:14:10,300 --> 00:14:18,370
So you see in the very in the first three sentences or the first two sentences, they tell you that

190
00:14:18,370 --> 00:14:20,050
they're talking about processing.

191
00:14:20,290 --> 00:14:23,560
Then they tell you how monolingual and bilingual are the same.

192
00:14:23,770 --> 00:14:26,950
And then in the next third sentence, they tell you how it's different.

193
00:14:28,870 --> 00:14:33,610
So that information for number 11 was pulled from the third sentence.

194
00:14:33,610 --> 00:14:38,500
The exact information for number 11 was pulled from that third sentence.

195
00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:40,090
Really the last sentence.

196
00:14:41,210 --> 00:14:48,290
But from the first two sentences, I can tell that this is where I'm going to find information about

197
00:14:48,290 --> 00:14:50,030
bilingual and monolingual.

198
00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:51,550
Right.

199
00:14:52,260 --> 00:14:57,420
There would have to be another paragraph that's also talking about monolingual and bilingual.

200
00:14:57,540 --> 00:15:04,110
For me to have to really go in search, search specifically where they're talking about difference.

201
00:15:05,350 --> 00:15:05,500
Right.

202
00:15:05,640 --> 00:15:07,500
So I just wanted to point that out to you.

203
00:15:08,040 --> 00:15:09,540
I wanted to point that out to you.

204
00:15:13,490 --> 00:15:13,910
All right.

205
00:15:13,910 --> 00:15:15,590
So coming up next.

206
00:15:16,130 --> 00:15:23,570
Coming up next, I'm going to be going ahead, moving forward and going through a full passage application,

207
00:15:23,870 --> 00:15:30,380
really showing you the scanning process, showing you how we highlight the key words first in the question,

208
00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:36,680
then do the other questions in this set and come back to the paragraph location question, because we've

209
00:15:36,680 --> 00:15:38,060
made it much easier.

210
00:15:38,990 --> 00:15:39,840
Thanks a lot.

211
00:15:39,860 --> 00:15:40,880
Talk to you soon.

212
00:15:40,910 --> 00:15:41,690
Take care.