1 00:00:00,500 --> 00:00:01,000 Okay. 2 00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:06,770 Now let's look at number 36 about John Shepherd. 3 00:00:07,460 --> 00:00:09,770 What point does John Shepherd make? 4 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:14,210 All right. 5 00:00:14,210 --> 00:00:19,130 We seem to have understood the value of protecting ecosystems in areas such as the Australian Australian 6 00:00:19,130 --> 00:00:22,130 Great Barrier Reef, says John Shepherd. 7 00:00:23,240 --> 00:00:27,830 Normally it's like after the person's name where they really give the information that's relevant. 8 00:00:28,310 --> 00:00:35,330 Human nature will always draw us towards those species or habitats that are more aesthetically pleasing, 9 00:00:35,900 --> 00:00:36,410 right? 10 00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:43,040 That's why there will always be support for protecting pandas and very little for worms, even though 11 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:48,920 nematodes play a vital role, vital role in maintaining the health of an ecosystem. 12 00:00:49,790 --> 00:00:55,910 So when we look at this one here, what John Shepherd is saying, nature draws us towards towards those 13 00:00:55,910 --> 00:00:59,150 species or habitats that are more aesthetically pleasing. 14 00:01:01,430 --> 00:01:03,860 Aesthetically pleasing means looks good to us. 15 00:01:04,190 --> 00:01:07,250 That's why we love pandas and we don't love worms. 16 00:01:07,460 --> 00:01:12,950 So what what information matches this? 17 00:01:12,950 --> 00:01:14,360 What we just read here? 18 00:01:14,900 --> 00:01:15,470 All right. 19 00:01:15,650 --> 00:01:17,700 Something about visitor attractions for a. 20 00:01:17,790 --> 00:01:18,440 Nope. 21 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:22,550 People know very little about how different species actually live. 22 00:01:22,580 --> 00:01:24,350 No, the public are more. 23 00:01:24,350 --> 00:01:27,590 Much less likely to help unattractive creatures. 24 00:01:27,590 --> 00:01:28,850 Yeah, that's it right there. 25 00:01:29,570 --> 00:01:29,870 Right. 26 00:01:29,940 --> 00:01:37,400 Says human nature draws us towards those species or habitats that are more aesthetically pleasing. 27 00:01:38,060 --> 00:01:42,760 More support for pandas and not little worms. 28 00:01:42,770 --> 00:01:44,540 So the answer for this one is, see? 29 00:01:49,700 --> 00:01:52,460 But you have to really understand synonym language. 30 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:56,840 You've got to understand certain language that's really, really important. 31 00:01:58,880 --> 00:01:59,460 All right. 32 00:01:59,480 --> 00:02:05,480 37 is where we're dealing with the main idea. 33 00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:08,000 And I'm I'm not ready to do the main idea on yet. 34 00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:09,540 Well, I can tell. 35 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:12,680 What we're talking about is ecosystems and things like that. 36 00:02:13,050 --> 00:02:18,020 And really, when I do that main idea question, I'm probably going to take a look at the first paragraph 37 00:02:18,470 --> 00:02:22,640 because most of the time the first paragraph gives you a lot of information about the overall main idea 38 00:02:22,640 --> 00:02:23,840 of what we're talking about. 39 00:02:25,580 --> 00:02:32,540 But we have John Shepherd talking about human beings and what human beings like in terms of ecosystems. 40 00:02:32,540 --> 00:02:37,670 And Boris is talking about that we might be destroying the ecosystem, but let's go ahead and do that 41 00:02:37,670 --> 00:02:40,850 other question, that summary question. 42 00:02:41,180 --> 00:02:47,150 And when we do that summary question, maybe they'll give us a little bit more guidance. 43 00:02:51,130 --> 00:02:56,130 The Wadden Sea, the Wadden Sea, the Wadden Sea. 44 00:02:56,140 --> 00:02:59,650 So we have 38, 39 and 40. 45 00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:04,600 Now, 38 can be pretty easy to find because we see the world's wadden sea. 46 00:03:06,420 --> 00:03:07,080 Right. 47 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:13,440 And then we have number 39, what we're talking about. 48 00:03:13,470 --> 00:03:19,020 Waters were full of different species of marine creatures and there were large numbers of and then we 49 00:03:19,020 --> 00:03:24,300 have 40, which is something about destroying marine creatures and vegetation. 50 00:03:24,630 --> 00:03:28,020 But this is dealing with the Wadden Sea. 51 00:03:29,570 --> 00:03:31,920 He is dealing with the Wadden Sea. 52 00:03:31,920 --> 00:03:33,630 So for a number of 38. 53 00:03:35,010 --> 00:03:38,430 For 38, in terms like I said, you treat it like a. 54 00:03:41,590 --> 00:03:43,930 You know, you treat it like a field, a blank question. 55 00:03:44,380 --> 00:03:44,830 See? 56 00:03:44,830 --> 00:03:49,960 Created as a consequence of what made it. 57 00:03:51,550 --> 00:03:53,230 And something about contracting. 58 00:03:53,470 --> 00:03:55,510 Consequence of something contracting. 59 00:03:56,620 --> 00:03:56,860 All right. 60 00:03:56,860 --> 00:03:59,920 Those are key words for 3839. 61 00:04:04,930 --> 00:04:06,460 We're talking about 62 00:04:08,710 --> 00:04:10,750 species of marine creatures. 63 00:04:10,930 --> 00:04:13,960 And there were large numbers. 64 00:04:15,100 --> 00:04:22,330 Now, some of this I might know just because of common sense, but I'm not going to rely on that just 65 00:04:22,330 --> 00:04:24,640 to answer without looking at the passage. 66 00:04:24,640 --> 00:04:29,020 But I kind of know what lives on, what kind of animals live on wetlands. 67 00:04:29,500 --> 00:04:36,820 But, you know, I'm going to keep my opinion to myself and do it the way it's supposed to be done and 68 00:04:37,270 --> 00:04:38,620 not rely on that. 69 00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:46,100 At the same time, there has been an increase in some nutrients in the Wadden Sea, which can also destroy. 70 00:04:46,150 --> 00:04:50,380 So here we're talking about nutrients. 71 00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:59,480 And we're talking about marine creatures and we're talking about vegetation. 72 00:05:00,990 --> 00:05:06,120 And our keywords are going to lead to the answer because this is like a like I told you, it's like 73 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:08,340 a it's like a field. 74 00:05:08,340 --> 00:05:12,370 A blank question is the language that says depriving them of right. 75 00:05:12,450 --> 00:05:13,770 Depriving them of. 76 00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:18,810 So let's take a look. 77 00:05:27,010 --> 00:05:27,610 All right. 78 00:05:27,790 --> 00:05:29,830 There is Wadden Sea right there. 79 00:05:31,660 --> 00:05:33,280 There is Wadden Sea right there. 80 00:05:33,910 --> 00:05:36,370 And when we're looking at the Wadden Sea. 81 00:05:41,020 --> 00:05:41,270 All right. 82 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:43,290 There's our magic language right there. 83 00:05:45,380 --> 00:05:48,070 The development of what's called the Wadden Sea. 84 00:05:49,230 --> 00:05:51,450 That's where we have number. 85 00:05:53,070 --> 00:05:53,910 38. 86 00:05:57,020 --> 00:05:58,400 38 is right there. 87 00:06:00,620 --> 00:06:04,400 Development of the Wadden Sea is the same as creation of the Wadden Sea. 88 00:06:04,430 --> 00:06:04,790 All right. 89 00:06:04,790 --> 00:06:06,530 So synonym language, everybody. 90 00:06:07,790 --> 00:06:08,150 All right. 91 00:06:08,180 --> 00:06:10,640 And then in terms of 39. 92 00:06:17,230 --> 00:06:20,580 Let's see what number 39 is the language for 39. 93 00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:22,460 I'll just go through this with you guys. 94 00:06:22,950 --> 00:06:28,040 You were talking about different species of marine creatures and large numbers of something living on 95 00:06:28,040 --> 00:06:29,030 wetlands. 96 00:06:29,630 --> 00:06:30,200 All right. 97 00:06:34,980 --> 00:06:35,280 All right. 98 00:06:35,280 --> 00:06:38,250 There we have wetlands, salt marshes. 99 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:43,830 Salt marshes are a form of wetland right there. 100 00:06:46,790 --> 00:06:47,300 All right. 101 00:06:47,300 --> 00:06:48,770 And then we have. 102 00:06:51,900 --> 00:06:55,890 High level of biodiversity on the seabed. 103 00:06:57,510 --> 00:07:00,540 That's our variety of marine creatures right there. 104 00:07:00,540 --> 00:07:05,580 We have our wetlands with salt marshes and mudflats right there. 105 00:07:05,820 --> 00:07:10,560 And so really, when I look at that sentence, I'm looking for large numbers of and there we see our 106 00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:11,460 magic word right there. 107 00:07:11,460 --> 00:07:13,230 Millions, right. 108 00:07:13,230 --> 00:07:15,540 Millions of synonym for large numbers of. 109 00:07:16,860 --> 00:07:17,580 All right. 110 00:07:17,580 --> 00:07:21,900 And that means number 39 is right here. 111 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:24,950 I'm sorry. 112 00:07:27,210 --> 00:07:29,720 I want to put it that close. 113 00:07:30,170 --> 00:07:31,790 Number 39 is right there. 114 00:07:33,050 --> 00:07:34,760 And then number 40. 115 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:41,070 We're talking about the Wadden Sea marine creatures. 116 00:07:41,100 --> 00:07:42,850 Nutrients, right. 117 00:07:43,020 --> 00:07:47,130 Nutrients, marine creatures, vegetation. 118 00:07:47,130 --> 00:07:48,990 And depriving them of. 119 00:07:49,980 --> 00:07:51,570 Depriving them of. 120 00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:56,890 Uh, nothing else there. 121 00:07:58,980 --> 00:08:00,990 I'm looking for the word nutrients. 122 00:08:03,970 --> 00:08:05,470 Here's the word nutrients. 123 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:08,670 Remember, it goes in order, right? 124 00:08:09,100 --> 00:08:09,520 It goes. 125 00:08:09,530 --> 00:08:10,750 It goes in order. 126 00:08:11,030 --> 00:08:12,130 I need this one. 127 00:08:13,510 --> 00:08:14,770 There's nutrients. 128 00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:24,920 They are seagrass. 129 00:08:27,160 --> 00:08:27,790 All right. 130 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:38,640 But when I'm looking over here, in order for me to find the answer, I need the language and the question 131 00:08:38,820 --> 00:08:39,600 and the language. 132 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:41,910 And the question was deprivation. 133 00:08:43,290 --> 00:08:43,920 Right. 134 00:08:43,950 --> 00:08:48,050 Depriving them of which is essential for their vital. 135 00:08:48,060 --> 00:08:52,950 So the word nutrients and vegetation, which is the same as seagrass. 136 00:08:53,130 --> 00:08:54,690 That puts me in the right area. 137 00:08:54,690 --> 00:08:59,820 But I've got to find a sentence that has language that means depriving them, of which is essential 138 00:08:59,820 --> 00:09:01,020 for survival. 139 00:09:02,580 --> 00:09:05,850 Depriving them of which is essential for survival. 140 00:09:09,910 --> 00:09:10,420 All right. 141 00:09:10,990 --> 00:09:12,370 There's our word right there. 142 00:09:14,190 --> 00:09:15,150 Starvation. 143 00:09:17,420 --> 00:09:17,770 All right. 144 00:09:17,860 --> 00:09:20,560 Starvation is the same as depriving of. 145 00:09:21,700 --> 00:09:24,070 Starvation is the same as depriving of. 146 00:09:25,030 --> 00:09:25,570 All right. 147 00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:27,970 All right. 148 00:09:27,970 --> 00:09:29,800 So let's go ahead. 149 00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:37,660 And I've pulled this out for you in a separate document so that we can look at answering. 150 00:09:38,020 --> 00:09:40,540 But as you can see, it went in order. 151 00:09:40,930 --> 00:09:43,990 This was number 40 right here. 152 00:09:45,160 --> 00:09:46,660 Now, remember what I told you. 153 00:09:47,380 --> 00:09:49,210 There were multiple choice questions. 154 00:09:49,300 --> 00:09:53,350 You might have to look at different sentences to pull your answer out. 155 00:09:53,620 --> 00:10:00,970 But what really helps me is I'm not again, notice I'm not reading and trying to understand. 156 00:10:00,970 --> 00:10:09,040 I don't know anything about seagrass and and the ocean and eutrophication and phytoplankton. 157 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:11,860 I don't I don't know anything about that stuff. 158 00:10:12,610 --> 00:10:15,250 But I do know the synonym for deprived of. 159 00:10:16,270 --> 00:10:19,720 I do know that the synonym of. 160 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:21,430 Deprived of is starvation. 161 00:10:22,120 --> 00:10:23,160 So that's what I told you. 162 00:10:23,170 --> 00:10:25,360 That's why I'm telling you it's not about. 163 00:10:25,360 --> 00:10:27,460 You're trying to understand. 164 00:10:27,730 --> 00:10:29,110 I don't know what people think. 165 00:10:29,110 --> 00:10:31,840 I don't have any background knowledge and stuff about the ocean. 166 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:38,140 You don't need to do, you know, the synonym for deprived of starvation, because that's what I'm looking 167 00:10:38,140 --> 00:10:38,680 for. 168 00:10:39,310 --> 00:10:43,120 If I find that synonym language for, it's for deprived of and a starvation. 169 00:10:43,120 --> 00:10:44,590 There's the answer right there. 170 00:10:46,490 --> 00:10:51,880 I think that's one of the biggest mistakes students make is trying to I'm reading I'm going to read 171 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:53,950 these sentences five times. 172 00:10:54,460 --> 00:10:55,880 I need to understand all this. 173 00:10:55,900 --> 00:10:56,680 No, you don't. 174 00:10:57,460 --> 00:11:00,030 For what we need. 175 00:11:00,100 --> 00:11:02,110 What do you what do you need to understand all that for? 176 00:11:02,140 --> 00:11:02,890 For what? 177 00:11:04,450 --> 00:11:06,220 You're not trying to say how smart you are. 178 00:11:07,590 --> 00:11:11,550 Find a synonym language for deprived, of which is starvation, and you find your answers. 179 00:11:11,550 --> 00:11:12,350 That's simple. 180 00:11:14,850 --> 00:11:15,900 All right, let's look. 181 00:11:22,260 --> 00:11:22,800 All right. 182 00:11:24,810 --> 00:11:31,620 Around 7500 years ago, shrinking glaciers and the resulting high water levels led to the development 183 00:11:31,620 --> 00:11:36,630 of led to a development of the Wadden Sea. 184 00:11:37,080 --> 00:11:40,410 So the Wadden Sea came from where? 185 00:11:42,140 --> 00:11:47,420 Shrinking Glaciers contracting shrinking contracting. 186 00:11:47,420 --> 00:11:49,880 Shrinking contracting. 187 00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:51,800 Shrinking synonym language. 188 00:11:53,210 --> 00:11:54,860 Answer is glaciers. 189 00:11:57,270 --> 00:11:58,860 It's an English test, everybody. 190 00:11:59,760 --> 00:12:01,110 It's an English test. 191 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:04,020 They're testing your English, not your intelligence. 192 00:12:07,060 --> 00:12:07,660 Okay. 193 00:12:08,020 --> 00:12:08,950 Let's look at the next one. 194 00:12:08,950 --> 00:12:09,700 Let me move up. 195 00:12:12,160 --> 00:12:15,400 All right, let's move that up a little bit as well. 196 00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:17,590 That down a little bit. 197 00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:30,460 Large numbers of we saw this earlier. 198 00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:33,480 There was a high level of biodiversity on the seabed. 199 00:12:33,700 --> 00:12:34,560 That's different. 200 00:12:34,570 --> 00:12:36,130 Different species of marine creatures. 201 00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:37,280 Synonym language. 202 00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:39,420 Salt marshes and mud flats. 203 00:12:40,180 --> 00:12:40,480 That's. 204 00:12:40,480 --> 00:12:41,410 Those are wetlands. 205 00:12:41,410 --> 00:12:42,550 Sending them language. 206 00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:44,350 Large numbers of. 207 00:12:45,010 --> 00:12:45,320 Right. 208 00:12:45,610 --> 00:12:46,930 Millions of birds. 209 00:12:46,930 --> 00:12:50,140 Millions is what large numbers of that means. 210 00:12:50,140 --> 00:12:51,490 The answer is birds. 211 00:12:56,360 --> 00:12:56,990 All right. 212 00:12:57,140 --> 00:13:01,220 And our final one, I kind of gave you this one away already starvation. 213 00:13:01,610 --> 00:13:05,660 Depriving them of that means the answer is oxygen. 214 00:13:08,520 --> 00:13:08,940 Right. 215 00:13:08,970 --> 00:13:12,300 Stop trying to understand the whole passage. 216 00:13:12,330 --> 00:13:14,940 Stop trying to understand all the sentences. 217 00:13:15,300 --> 00:13:18,600 Find the keyword, language as before or after the blank line. 218 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:19,920 And you find your answer. 219 00:13:21,810 --> 00:13:26,250 All right, then let's go back and look at number 37 in terms of 220 00:13:29,370 --> 00:13:30,990 looking at 37. 221 00:13:33,680 --> 00:13:34,220 All right. 222 00:13:35,570 --> 00:13:39,410 Let's look at which summarizes the whole text as a whole. 223 00:13:41,500 --> 00:13:41,660 Right. 224 00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:46,660 Like I said, I'm going to go back and look at the introduction because the introduction has got things 225 00:13:46,660 --> 00:13:50,170 going to give me a good idea of what I should be looking at. 226 00:13:53,790 --> 00:13:57,570 For some time now, the world's oceans and the people who fished them have been a constant, constant 227 00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:00,390 source of bad environmental news. 228 00:14:01,710 --> 00:14:03,600 Thousands of dolphins are injured. 229 00:14:03,810 --> 00:14:07,500 Huge tuna farms are being ruining the Mediterranean Sea. 230 00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:11,220 What is more good translation? 231 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:13,710 Good for those of you who are working on your writing. 232 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:18,700 What is more is a very good translation transition language, right? 233 00:14:18,870 --> 00:14:24,720 It's not uncommon transition language for some time now. 234 00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:26,790 Really good leading end language. 235 00:14:28,080 --> 00:14:33,870 If you really want to know how to write like high level, I know there's some sidetracking, but if 236 00:14:33,870 --> 00:14:40,010 you really want to know how to write like high level passages that graders love, look at the pattern, 237 00:14:40,050 --> 00:14:44,910 look at the reading passages that they have when the general reading section on the academic session, 238 00:14:44,910 --> 00:14:48,930 especially look at the transitions and things like that that they're using. 239 00:14:48,930 --> 00:14:50,160 That's how you need to write. 240 00:14:50,700 --> 00:14:51,090 All right. 241 00:14:51,090 --> 00:14:52,560 So sorry about that. 242 00:14:53,250 --> 00:14:58,620 What is more, marine biologists recently warned that our seafood is in terminal decline. 243 00:14:58,920 --> 00:15:01,830 According to the research published in Science last November. 244 00:15:01,860 --> 00:15:05,340 Stocks of all the shellfish will collapse. 245 00:15:06,690 --> 00:15:07,230 All right. 246 00:15:07,750 --> 00:15:11,550 Here's the scientist, that guy, Boris, who said it's going to fall. 247 00:15:12,450 --> 00:15:15,900 He is talking about how the sea was created. 248 00:15:18,270 --> 00:15:20,910 Overfishing was the main problem. 249 00:15:21,870 --> 00:15:25,920 And this other guy was talking about. 250 00:15:28,410 --> 00:15:34,020 Let's talk about we need to not only look at the pretty ecosystems, but even the ones that don't look 251 00:15:34,020 --> 00:15:34,560 pretty. 252 00:15:36,060 --> 00:15:36,420 All right. 253 00:15:36,420 --> 00:15:46,380 So when we look at go back and look which of the following best summarizes scientists disagree. 254 00:15:46,410 --> 00:15:47,550 No, it wasn't. 255 00:15:47,550 --> 00:15:48,210 Say didn't say. 256 00:15:48,210 --> 00:15:48,600 We saw. 257 00:15:48,630 --> 00:15:48,990 We didn't. 258 00:15:49,290 --> 00:15:52,470 Boris Worm and John Shepherd weren't in disagreement. 259 00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:54,510 They were actually talking about different things. 260 00:15:55,980 --> 00:15:57,270 The fishing industry. 261 00:15:57,270 --> 00:15:58,830 No, that's too specific. 262 00:16:01,020 --> 00:16:04,080 So C and D are two specific. 263 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:12,570 C, what's C came from one specific paragraph D came from one specific paragraph and A is wrong. 264 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:14,700 A is a A is a misstatement. 265 00:16:15,510 --> 00:16:18,870 A radical review of marine resource management is needed. 266 00:16:19,020 --> 00:16:24,900 This is much more of what we're talking about because the people were talking about how things were 267 00:16:24,900 --> 00:16:29,850 damaging and things were going to die out and it was the end of things in the sea. 268 00:16:29,880 --> 00:16:32,820 And we need to think about how we think about different. 269 00:16:32,940 --> 00:16:36,000 So B is our best answer choice. 270 00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:41,670 But when you deal with main idea questions, watch out for answer choices like C and D, which are too 271 00:16:41,670 --> 00:16:48,390 specific, which are only about one specific paragraph or choice A which is a misstatement, something 272 00:16:48,390 --> 00:16:51,180 that's not a true statement, something that is false. 273 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:52,110 Right. 274 00:16:52,230 --> 00:16:57,810 But, you know, by looking at it that way and using a process of elimination, you can easily do a 275 00:16:57,810 --> 00:16:58,980 main idea question. 276 00:17:00,630 --> 00:17:07,860 So I hope that this video was very helpful to you and that you now understand how to do the multiple 277 00:17:07,860 --> 00:17:15,510 choice question and also understand how to do how to do the multiple choice question and also understand 278 00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:17,720 how to do a summary question. 279 00:17:17,730 --> 00:17:18,360 All right. 280 00:17:18,510 --> 00:17:20,220 So I'll talk to you soon. 281 00:17:20,220 --> 00:17:21,840 And thanks so much for joining me. 282 00:17:21,870 --> 00:17:22,590 Take care.