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So first let's talk about synonym and paraphrasing in terms of creating tables from audio.

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A really, really good practice to do is and most of the time this is done after you do a test.

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After you do a test.

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And so after you do a practice test in one of the Cambridge books.

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It's a good idea if you're doing question whether it's filled the blank questions or multiple choice

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questions.

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To pull out.

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From the questions to pull out some of the keywords from the questions and create a two sided table.

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And you put the question key words on the left hand side and then on the right hand side, you're going

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to try to write down the paraphrasing or the synonyms that they use for those question key words.

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That is a very important skill to work on because the better you get at listening for the question key

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words, the better you get at hearing the synonyms and the paraphrasing for the question key words.

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The more you're going to recognize the answer choice, the more you're going to recognize the answer

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choice.

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And so in this next exercise.

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I've already done it.

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But you'll see on the left hand side.

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That we have the question keywords right here one through six.

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We have the question keywords right here.

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And it goes in order in terms of one, two, three, four, five and six, it goes in order.

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These are the question keywords.

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Now, understand, I'm going to say this twice in this exercise, we're not listening for the answer

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choice.

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If you were doing this on your own, you already would have tried to answer the questions.

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What you're doing now?

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Is you're working on a skills exercise which involves being able to hear question key words.

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Right.

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Being able to hear question keywords.

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So this is the exercise.

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So you understand we have, number one, caring to cooperative three outgoing, four introverted, five

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selfish, six independent.

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Now I'm going to play the audio and your job on your on a piece of paper.

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If you have paper in front of you is to write down the synonym or paraphrase of the word caring that

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you heard.

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Write down the synonym or paraphrase of the word cooperative.

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And write down all of these synonyms and paraphrasing.

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So I'll give you one.

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I'll give you 30 seconds to write this, write these words down on a piece of paper, and you can create

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a two sided table.

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So I'll give you 30 seconds to do that, and then I'm going to play the audio.

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I will remind you to please don't ask a question right now.

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Don't ask any questions right now in the in the chat box, please.

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All right.

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I'll give you 30 seconds to write these words down, and then you're going to listen to here to see

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if you can pick out the paraphrasing or synonyms that they say it.

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So remember it goes in order.

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Your first going to hear the synonym for caring when you hear this and then write it down.

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Then you're going to hear next in the audio a synonym that means the same as cooperative.

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So I'm going to play the audio now.

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And you're going to write that, right?

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Write down that, setting up those synonyms or write down that paraphrase.

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Here we go.

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Part three.

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You will hear two psychology students discussing the effects of the order in which the children in a

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family are born.

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First you have some time to look at questions.

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21 to 26.

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Now listen carefully and answer questions.

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21 to 26.

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Ed, how are you getting on with the reading for our presentation next week?

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Well, okay, Ruth, but there's so much of it.

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I know I hadn't realized birth order was such a popular area of research, but the stuff on birth order

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and personality is mostly unreliable.

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From what I've been reading a lot of the claims about how your position in the family determines certain

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personality traits are just stereotypes with no robust evidence to support them.

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Okay, but that's an interesting point.

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We could start by outlining what previous research has shown.

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There are studies going back over 100 years.

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Yeah.

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So we could just run through some of the typical traits.

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Like the consensus seems to be that oldest children are generally less well adjusted because they never

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get over the arrival of a younger sibling.

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Right.

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But on a positive note, some studies claim that they were thought to be good at nurturing.

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Certainly in the past, when people had large families, they would have been expected to look after

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the younger ones.

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There isn't such a clear picture for middle children, but one trait that a lot of the studies mention

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is that they are easier to get on with than older or younger siblings.

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Hmm.

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Generally eager to please and helpful, although that's certainly not accurate as far as my family goes.

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My middle brother was a nightmare, always causing fights and envious of whatever I had.

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As I said, none of this seems to relate to my own experience.

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I'm the youngest in my family and I don't recognize myself in any of the studies I've read about.

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I'm supposed to have been a sociable and confident child who made friends easily, but I was actually

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terribly shy.

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Really?

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That's funny.

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There have been hundreds of studies on twins, but mostly about nurture versus nature.

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There was one on personality which said that a twin is likely to be quite shy in social situations because

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they always have their twin around to depend on for support.

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My cousins were like that when they were small.

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They were only interested in each other and found it hard to engage with other kids.

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They're fine now, though.

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Only children have had a really bad press.

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A lot of studies have branded them as loners who think the world revolves around them because they've

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never had to fight for their parents attention.

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That does seem a bit harsh.

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One category I hadn't considered before was children with much older siblings.

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A couple of studies mentioned that these children grow up more quickly and are expected to do basic

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things for themselves, like getting dressed.

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I can see how that might be true.

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Although I.

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Okay.

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So the synonyms that you should have found was when they said good and nurturing.

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That's the synonym for caring.

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Easier to get on with than older students.

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That's the synonym for older siblings.

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That's the sort of for cooperative.

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Sociable, confident friends easily.

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That's the synonym for outgoing, shy, social hard engage others.

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That synonym for introverted world revolved around them.

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That's the synonym or paraphrasing of selfish do basic things for themselves.

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That's the paraphrasing of the independent.

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So this language on the right is the language they said in the audio.

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So so for this question, you had to literally hear this language good at nurturing and then be able

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to recognize that it is a paraphrasing of the word caring.

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You had to hear this language easier to get on with.

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And the older students and the older siblings and recognize it as a paraphrase of cooperative.

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So it's a really good exercise that is work on being able to practice, listening for synonyms and listening

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for paraphrasing, because that's what makes the test difficult.

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That aspect of it.

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That's what makes it difficult.