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Once again, it's a pleasure to have you in this course.

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We're now going to go through another Section four of the Isles listening exam.

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This is from book seven, Test two, Section four, Book seven, Test two, Section four.

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And we're starting off with multiple choice questions.

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With multiple choice questions.

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We want to highlight the key words in the question, because the correct answer choice, A, B or C

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will connect to those key words.

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Now, as always, you want to be aware that they love to have tricks and traps that pull you to the

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wrong answer.

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You must be aware of that, and they're going to give you information that represents all the answer

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choices.

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But the correct answer would correspond to the key words in the question.

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For example, number 31 wants to know.

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How Anita felt first felt that the MATTHEWS article was of value.

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When did she feel it was of value?

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That's what you're listening for.

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You're listening for that language.

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All right.

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Now, in addition to the multiple choice questions.

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We also have a feel of the Blaine question, except it's in a table.

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Now, I know normally you see this question type in section one or section two, but it is possible

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for it to appear in section four.

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Of course, the difficulty level is higher, but the strategy remains the same.

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Okay.

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Let's go ahead and get started.

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You can go ahead and do your test right now.

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Then come back and check for the analysis of the correct answers and also the tricks and traps they

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tried to use to pull you towards the wrong answer choice.

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Let's get started right now.

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My topic is handedness.

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Whether in different sports, it is better to be left or right sided, or whether a more balanced approach

32
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is more successful.

33
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I'm left handed myself and I actually didn't see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start

34
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reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter MATTHEWS.

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He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I

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have to say almost put me off from reading further.

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But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done

38
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in many different sports, and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.

39
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I think Matthew's findings will be beneficial not so much in helping sports people to work on their

40
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weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given

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game.

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Although most trainers know how important handedness is at present, they are rather reluctant to make

43
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use of the insight scientists like MATTHEWS can give, which I think is rather short sighted because

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focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.

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Anyway, back to the article.

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MATTHEWS found a German study which looked at what he called mixed handedness.

47
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That is, the capacity to use both left and right hands equally.

48
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It looked at mixed handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.

49
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Researchers examined a number of variables for example, type of instrument played, regularity of practice

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undertaken and length of time playing instrument and found the following keyboard players had high levels

51
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of mixed handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favored one hand.

52
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Also, those who started younger were more mixed handed.

53
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MATTHEWS also reports studies of handedness in apes.

54
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Apes get a large proportion of their food by fishing ants from anthills.

55
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The studies show that apes like humans show handedness, though for them, right and left handedness

56
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is about equal.

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Whereas about 85% of humans are right handed.

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Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand, fished out 30% more ants than those varying

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between the two.

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Matthew started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each.

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By the way, he uses handedness to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands anyway.

62
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His team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2000 and 611 players and found that there were really

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three main types of laterally mixed.

64
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You work equally well on both sides.

65
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Both hand and I single.

66
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You tend to favor one side, but both hand and I favor the same side and cross laterally.

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A player's hands and eyes favor only one side, but they are opposite sides.

68
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Let's start with hockey.

69
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MATTHEWS found that it was best to be mixed handed.

70
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This is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions.

71
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It would be a drawback to have hand or eye favoring one side.

72
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An interesting finding is that mixed handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their

73
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single handed counterparts.

74
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Things are slightly different in racquet sports, like tennis.

75
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Here, the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side.

76
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This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.

77
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If a player is cross lateral, the racquet is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing.

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It means that they can only make corrections much later, and often the damage has been done by then

79
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and moving to a rather different type of sport, which involves large but precise movements.

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Gymnastics.

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It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.

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The predominant reason for this is because it AIDS balance, which is, of course, absolutely central

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to performance in this sport.

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Okay.

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Let's now go ahead and move through the answer choices.

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Number 31 is see the impressive size of his research.

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We know this because they said, well, they started off by saying that we're relevant and talking about

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Matthew's work.

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He first talked about musicians, which she said put her off.

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So she didn't find it valuable that he talked, that he made a connection with musicians.

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So it can't be be.

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And also, they said the word relevant to try to make you think that the answer was B.

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Then she said, what I became struck by.

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That has the same meaning as what you find of value.

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And she talked about the volume of the observation and investigation.

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That is a paraphrase for choice.

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See the impressive size of his research research project.

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It can't be a because she said nothing about it, helping her with her difficulties.

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Number 32, the answer is be.

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The shift was when she said, I think Matthew's findings, that's how we knew we were shifting from

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31 to 32.

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She said his findings would be beneficial not to help sports people work on the weaker side.

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So the answer cannot be a again, they're saying the words sports people, they're saying the word weakness

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or weaker, which is a form of the word weaker to pull you towards that answer choice.

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But that's not it.

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And then she said but to help identify suitable strategies win in a game.

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So that means they answer is be.

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Number 33.

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The answer is C underestimate what science has to offer the shift.

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Although most trainers that's how we we now know we're talking about most sports coaches.

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All the most trainers know how important.

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So they answer cannot be A because AC is no nothing.

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They are reluctant.

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What scientists like Matthew give their shortsighted that fits as a paraphrase for the answer c underestimate

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what science has to offer shortsighted.

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Now, she said.

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Not just focus on flexibility part of the story.

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They should just focus on the flexibility part.

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It doesn't say that that that they're wrong, that it's the wrong aspect, but not to only focus on

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that again.

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They're trying to play around with the exact word focus and make you think that's the answer choice.

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Number 30 for the shift, she said.

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I found a German study about 40 musicians.

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So we now we now know we have shifted from 33 to 34.

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It says she found the following keyboard has a high level of mixed handedness.

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String favors one hand, so that means the answer cannot be B because B saying had greater mixed handedness.

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And then she said also.

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So something else about the study, those who started younger were more mixed handed, more mixed handed,

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greater mixed handedness.

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That means the correct answer choice for 34 is a they did say the words that they looked at the instruments,

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how regularly they practice, but they did not connect that to the key words.

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And the question about it being greater with mixed handedness that you practice the mixed handed people

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practice more.

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So that's what I mean by you must connect the correct answer choice to the question language.

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You can't just pick what words you hear.

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Number 35.

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He there was a shift from 34 to 35.

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Matt MATTHEWS looked at studies of apes, said apes were left and right equal.

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That means that C cannot be the answer choice.

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Humans are 85%.

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Right.

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So that means that B cannot be the answer choice because it says that they have the same proportion,

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but humans have more.

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And so then we get to the answer choice.

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Studies show apes using the same hand 30% or capture 30% more ants than those who vary their hands.

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So our correct answer is a so 31 is C, 32 is B, 33 is C, 34 is A and 35 is A.

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Let's go ahead and move down.

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These were more straightforward.

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Now, the trick here is that in the very beginning, for about almost a minute, they just had extra

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talk, just talking, talking, talking, talking, talking.

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They talked about mixed reality, single cross.

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They were just talking, talking, talking, trying to throw you off.

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But, you know, you're waiting until you hear something about hockey.

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When they say something about hockey, then you know, hey, it's time to get into the answer choices.

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So for number 36, they say it must be deployed.

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Deployed is a synonym for using the word used.

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So the answer is two directions.

158
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They said one word and or one word and or so you can have one number and one word, two directions.

159
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Now, if you if you spelled the word two, t, w, o and the word directions, there's two words.

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The is wrong.

161
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For 37, they said significantly more, which equals much more.

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So the answer is confident.

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38.

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Bigger area of equals.

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Larger relevant field.

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38 is vision.

167
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39 is corrections can only make corrections much later.

168
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This one was almost exact number 40.

169
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Predominant reason.

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Most important reason.

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Balance.

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Absolute.

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Absolutely.

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Central to performance.

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Again, important.

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So the answer is balance.

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All right.

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So I hope this review of the answer choices really shed some light on how to really handle these questions

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in Section four.

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The strategy is the exactly the same as Section one, two and three.

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The only difference is the English level has been raised.

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Questions are longer, answer choices are longer.

183
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They have more delay tactics with extra talk.

184
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So you have to be prepared for that.

185
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All right.

186
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So thank you very much.

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I'm going to go ahead and play it right now for you so you can hear it again.

188
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I want to hear it again while I'm looking at the answer language, the language that connects to the

189
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answer and the trap language.

190
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So I'm going to go ahead and do that now.

191
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My topic is handedness.

192
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Whether in different sports, it is better to be left or right sided, or whether a more balanced approach

193
00:14:17,750 --> 00:14:19,190
is more successful.

194
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:26,720
I'm left handed myself and I actually didn't see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start

195
00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:31,340
reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter MATTHEWS.

196
00:14:31,700 --> 00:14:38,780
He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I

197
00:14:38,780 --> 00:14:41,960
have to say almost put me off from reading further.

198
00:14:42,380 --> 00:14:50,240
But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done

199
00:14:50,240 --> 00:14:57,530
in many different sports, and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.

200
00:14:57,890 --> 00:15:04,070
I think Matthew's findings will be beneficial not so much in helping sports people to work on their

201
00:15:04,070 --> 00:15:11,420
weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given

202
00:15:11,420 --> 00:15:12,170
game.

203
00:15:12,830 --> 00:15:19,670
Although most trainers know how important handedness is at present, they are rather reluctant to make

204
00:15:19,670 --> 00:15:26,870
use of the insights scientists like MATTHEWS can give, which I think is rather short sighted because

205
00:15:26,870 --> 00:15:31,700
focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.

206
00:15:32,470 --> 00:15:34,660
Anyway, back to the article.

207
00:15:35,980 --> 00:15:41,110
Found a German study which looked at what he called mixed handedness.

208
00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:45,940
That is the capacity to use both left and right hands equally.

209
00:15:46,330 --> 00:15:51,910
It looked at mixed handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.

210
00:15:52,450 --> 00:16:00,490
Researchers examined a number of variables for example, type of instrument played, regularity of practice

211
00:16:00,490 --> 00:16:08,800
undertaken and length of time playing instrument and found the following keyboard players had high levels

212
00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:16,450
of mixed handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favored one hand.

213
00:16:16,990 --> 00:16:21,850
Also, those who started younger were more mixed handed.

214
00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:27,210
MATTHEWS also reports studies of handedness in apes.

215
00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:33,300
Apes get a large proportion of their food by fishing ants from anthills.

216
00:16:33,900 --> 00:16:41,430
The studies show that apes like humans show handedness, though for them, right and left handedness

217
00:16:41,460 --> 00:16:42,990
is about equal.

218
00:16:43,110 --> 00:16:47,820
Whereas about 85% of humans are right handed.

219
00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:57,120
Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30% more ants than those varying

220
00:16:57,120 --> 00:16:58,230
between the two.

221
00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:09,770
Matthew started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each.

222
00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:18,950
By the way, he uses handedness to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands anyway.

223
00:17:18,980 --> 00:17:28,340
His team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2000 and 611 players and found that there were really

224
00:17:28,340 --> 00:17:32,720
three main types of laterally mixed.

225
00:17:32,750 --> 00:17:37,280
You work equally well on both sides, both hand and eye.

226
00:17:37,760 --> 00:17:47,060
Single you tend to favor one side, but both hand and I favor the same side and cross laterally.

227
00:17:47,300 --> 00:17:53,480
A player's hands and eyes favor only one side, but they are opposite sides.

228
00:17:54,260 --> 00:17:55,700
Let's start with hockey.

229
00:17:56,270 --> 00:17:59,900
MATTHEWS found that it was best to be mixed handed.

230
00:18:00,050 --> 00:18:05,480
This is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions.

231
00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:10,910
It would be a drawback to have hand or eye favoring one side.

232
00:18:11,510 --> 00:18:18,650
An interesting finding is that mixed handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their

233
00:18:18,650 --> 00:18:20,630
single handed counterparts.

234
00:18:21,680 --> 00:18:25,550
Things are slightly different in racquet sports, like tennis.

235
00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:32,840
Here, the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side.

236
00:18:33,290 --> 00:18:39,590
This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.

237
00:18:39,980 --> 00:18:47,300
If a player is cross lateral, the racquet is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing.

238
00:18:47,600 --> 00:18:54,050
It means that they can only make corrections much later, and often the damage has been done by then

239
00:18:54,950 --> 00:19:00,830
and moving to a rather different type of sport, which involves large but precise movements.

240
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Gymnastics.

241
00:19:02,900 --> 00:19:07,040
It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.

242
00:19:07,370 --> 00:19:14,360
The predominant reason for this is because it AIDS balance, which is, of course, absolutely central

243
00:19:14,360 --> 00:19:16,310
to performance in this sport.

244
00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:18,140
Okay.

245
00:19:18,140 --> 00:19:20,660
So there is one amendment I want to make.

246
00:19:20,930 --> 00:19:27,170
Earlier I said for number 31 that she didn't say anything about a choice, a what she did.

247
00:19:27,440 --> 00:19:31,160
She said she found this was no relevance to her own life.

248
00:19:31,610 --> 00:19:38,090
So when she said that there's no relevance to her own life, that knocked out a as a possibility.

249
00:19:38,090 --> 00:19:42,140
This is how it would help her with her difficulties.

250
00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:45,050
So choice A is the opposite of what she said.

251
00:19:45,050 --> 00:19:47,660
So Choice A does not belong.

252
00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:48,650
All right.

253
00:19:48,650 --> 00:19:50,060
So thank you so much.

254
00:19:50,150 --> 00:19:51,800
I hope this was very helpful.

255
00:19:51,830 --> 00:19:53,360
Have a fantastic day.