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You saw me previously use methods and functions and other methods such as capitalize.

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So how do I know all these methods?

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Is it because I'm too smart, or is there another secret?

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Well, I assure you that is the latter.

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So let me show you the secret on how to find the codes you need in this video.

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Using the Python console is recommended for such things.

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So when you want to explore things out, when you want to test things out, it's good to use the python

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console.

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So let's say again you want to capitalize a string.

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How do you know what methods to use?

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Well you can simply use dir str.

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Execute that and what you get is a list as output.

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So this list contains all the methods you can apply to a string data type.

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Because you know I did.

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D str str represents strings.

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So this is a keyword in Python, although you can also use any string there and you'll get the same

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output.

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So either use STR the keyword representing the string type or an actual instance of a string.

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So this list is.

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Made of these.

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Methods with double underscores, but you don't need to look at them.

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You don't need to use them.

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These are used internally by the python interpreter.

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The methods we're interested about are after these underscore methods.

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So for example, capitalize is the first one.

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So they are ordered alphabetically.

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So you should get a clue of what the method does by just looking at the name of the method.

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But then if you want to know more about the method you can use.

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The health function.

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The health function gets as input the method, but you need to refer to a string first and then to the

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method.

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So str or just do any string dot capitalize.

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You don't put any brackets here, any parentheses, just capitalize like that.

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And these parentheses of the help function and press enter.

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And what you get is the help documentation of that capitalized method.

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So it explains what that method does.

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And similarly you can use there with a list.

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So list like that, or just do an empty list instance or any items you might have there.

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And you can also use a variable.

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So if the variable is associated with a list one, two, three and you do dear A, you will get the

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list of methods that can be applied to list objects.

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So here you can see all the methods you can apply to lists.

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So you see the append method and again, use help list dot append to get the help of that method.

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Now see something here.

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This append method has these two.

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Arguments self and object.

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But let's take a look again back to the capitalize method.

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So help capitalize and compare them.

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You see, capitalize doesn't get any argument as input.

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So that is some clue on how to use the methods.

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So with capitalize, we just put the string and say capitalize.

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And that's it.

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No arguments.

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And you get the capitalized string but with lists.

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We have at least a so A is that one with lists?

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You say a dot append.

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And here if you execute this, you will get an error because the append method takes one argument.

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So you need to provide an argument there.

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And then A will be that list with the full appended to the end.

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So that's why I showed you.

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This part here.

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Now what is self?

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Well, self.

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You can ignore this for now.

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We will cover self later.

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The real argument here is this object.

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So the object is the number you want to pass to the append method, the number or a string if you want

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to append the string to the list.

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So to wrap it up so far, you learned there where you put a type and you get the list of the methods

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applied to that type.

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Then you so you can use help on a particular.

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Method.

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But then how about functions?

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How do you get a list of functions you can apply?

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So a function is print input is a function also.

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Well, to get a list of available functions in Python, you first need to import built ins.

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Now, this is an import statement in Python and I'll talk about import statements later on in the course.

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So for now, we're simply using this.

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So we make available the list of built ins.

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So now this built ins can be

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provided as an argument of the function.

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And if you execute that, you will get a list.

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Of these functions and other elements which you can apply directly without the dot notation.

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So input should be among this.

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So you should get past these elements with a capital letter and you should pass also these underscore

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elements.

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And then here we have different functions.

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So these with lowercase are all functions.

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And here should be the input function.

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So that's inputs.

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If you go to the P letter, you should also be able to find the print function.

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Here it is.

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Now, you don't need to actually look at this list and learn everything that it is here.

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I also don't know all these functions.

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Some are very specific ones.

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So if you need to know how to do something, it's easier to do some research on Google because most

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likely someone else has done that thing before and there is a discussion or some source.

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On a forum or a blog which shows what functions you can use in Python for that particular thing.

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So what is important is to know the logic of.

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Building a program.

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And this is what I'm trying to teach you in this course.

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So we will build a number of programs and you will understand the logic and also learn the core elements

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of the language, such as the input function, the while loop least strings, etcetera.

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All these are the core concepts.

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So don't worry about these elements here.

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I hope that makes sense.

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And I'll talk to you later.

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See you.