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The next step will be to create the outline of your introduction section based on the overview that

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you already created.

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So hopefully after you've created that overview you have something that looks a little bit like this.

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This is a fictional overview of a fictional depression literature and it consists of statements and

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for each statement

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I have a number of references that support that statement. And to create my introduction outline

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I have a little template here and that template is simply consisting of three headings: importance, literature

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review, and research question. And the one thing that I already know is my research question so I'm gonna

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write that down first.

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"Does my depression treatment work?"

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And we said that it's a cognitive treatment so we could call this maybe the "re-focus" treatment.

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So this could be a treatment that trains people to be more focused on the positive for example. And our

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goal will be to organize our citations in such a way that it creates a story that leads towards this

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research question. That makes it appear as an important, novel, and timely question.

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Okay so how do we do that?

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Well, the first thing we need is something that signals that our topic is important.

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So what I'm simply going to do is I'm gonna have a look what I have here to achieve that.

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So one thing I have here is that depressive people are less productive or even completely unable to

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work.

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So that's definitely something that I can use to make the point that the topic is important.

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So I'm going to copy paste this and just put it here.

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And let me have another look.

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So here, this one is also useful:

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"Depression impairs immune system."

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And that's true by the way.

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Depression actually impairs the immune system.

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So I'm also gonna copy paste that and also put it under "importance". And we can use that to start our

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article later.

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All right.

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Now, I need to continue with the literature review and ideally the literature review should start broad

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and then narrow it down, narrow it down and go from things that we already know to things that we don't

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know.

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So that in the end our research question appears as the hero that fills the gap in the literature.

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So let me have a look what we have here.

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"Treatment of depression often involves revisiting negative experiences."

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No that's about treatment. That is already way too specific.

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The refocus treatment has been developed.

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No that's way too specific. "Treatments."

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No. "Depressive people tend to pay more attention to negative things."

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Well that's more broad.

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And also, here we have: "Depressive people tend to have better memory for negative things."

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That's something that could work at the beginning of our literature review.

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So I'm gonna put it here.

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And now, from there, we somehow need to narrow it down and lead towards our question.

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So what more do we have?

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"Treatment of depression often involves revisiting negative experiences to better process these experiences."

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That kind of connects to what I already put there. "Refocus treatment..."

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No, this is probably gonna be at the very end and therefore... actually what I'm gonna do is I'm already

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gonna put it here towards the end and then I'm gonna figure out how I can fill this gap.

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Okay.

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"Treatments that involve revisiting negative experiences do not work very well." Well, that connects

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directly to this first point that treatment of depression often involves revisiting negative experiences.

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So these belong together.

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So I put them together here and then we also have that" "Researcher X suggested that revisiting negative

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experiences may train patients even more to focus on the negative."

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Well, that's a point that we can add to this point.

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"Treatments that involve revisiting negative experiences do not work very well."

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So I'm just gonna put it here and now I'm gonna take the whole chunk, copy-paste, and put it here.

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Now, let's see how it goes.

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So now we have: "Depressive people tend to pay more attention to the negative."

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They have better memory for the negative and treatment of depression often involves revisiting negative

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experiences.

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Well, that might be a problem.

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Treatments that involve revisiting negative experiences do not work very well. That very nicely connects

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to what we already said. And a researcher suggested that it may actually train people to focus even more

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on the negative.

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So we make more or more the point that the existing treatment is problematic in light of what we know

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about depression and it may even make things worse.

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And so now the reader should really be thirsty for a better treatment.

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And hey, here we have it! "The refocus treatment has been developed which trains people to focus more

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on the positive."

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So I'm gonna put that here and there.

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I pretty much already have a story and it already nicely connects to the research question.

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The only thing that I am personally missing here is that I haven't explicitly said yet that this treatment

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hasn't been tested yet and that is very important because we want to make the point that our research

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question is important, NOVEL, and timely.

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And so, I'm just going to add a point here - it doesn't need a reference - that the refocus treatment

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has not been tested yet. And there I pretty much have an outline of my introduction section. So I start

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with the general importance.

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Then I talk about the things we know. Then I narrow it down,

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I talk about treatments,

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,I talk about how old treatments are problematic and lead towards the new treatment.

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I mentioned that it hasn't been tested.

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Major gap in the literature.

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Very important that we test it.

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It is something novel and it is very timely. So perfect.

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Now of course I prepared this example a little bit and that's why I could construct in like five minutes.

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In reality it takes longer of course to create such an outline.

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But this is the way how I create an outline. And sometimes I realized during the outline that there is

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a gap in the story.

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And then I go back to the literature and see whether I can fill the gap. Or sometimes I realize that

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in my story I actually don't even need all the research that I put in my overview.

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And that's also OK because it's not necessary to have a full literature review.

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You just need to make clear how your research connects to the existing research and why it is interesting.

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Okay.

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So that's how you create an outline and in the next lecture I'm going to show you how to turn this into

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text.