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When you deal with nature,

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which is so complex,

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you realize that everything
is interconnected.

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You have to think
about the whole.

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- Change is needed
very desperately.

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The world is
beginning to see now

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really just massive
environmental degradation.

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- We are seeing more of
these extremes in climate.

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Flash flood, drought.

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Flash flood, drought.

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And catastrophic fires in
the Amazon and California.

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There aren't gonna be any jobs.

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There's no jobs, no
food on a dead planet.

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- There's an enormous
amount of carbon dioxide

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in the atmosphere today,

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that wasn't in the atmosphere

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prior to the
industrial revolution

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- We're facing some
really huge problems

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with our global climate system,

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distorted water, nutrient,
and energy cycles.

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- Oh, pig pig pig pig pig.

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- But there's a growing movement

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of farmers and ranchers,

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working with nature,

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to repair our soils

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and bring these cycles
back into balance.

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The solution is
right under our feet.

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- It's only recently
that we understand

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that soil is this living thing.

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And then if we optimize
the life under the ground,

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we'll optimize
life above ground.

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- And this is a paradigm shift

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of how we can
increase productivity

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for farmers and ranchers,

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but also do it in a way

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that starts to
harmonize with nature.

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- Does it smell like rain
on a hot summer's day?

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And it does.

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When soils
become healthy and alive,

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it can remove a huge amount

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of carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere.

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The way
we grow food can right now

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be a solution to climate change.

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So if we get agriculture right,

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it's a win, win, win
scenario for farmers,

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for society, and the world.

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- Come on!

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Come on!

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- All you gotta do is wait
for me to hook it up to there,

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and then you can plug
it into the hydrator

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and we'll fill the tank again.

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- Okay.

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- You find the calf?

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- No.

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- We can to find it.

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Right?
- Yeah.

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- This ranch has been in
our family since 1900.

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We've been raising hay and
selling hay for so long.

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My dad called me when I
was away at my other job,

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and said, I'm tired and I don't

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Why do I always get teary?

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I don't want to have
to do this anymore.

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And so, I got busy
thinking of a way

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if we could make this work.

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And part of the
impetus behind that was

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not being able to hay,

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not seeing the long-term gains

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economically, environmentally.

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People started talking
to me a lot about

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rotational grazing,
holistic, planned grazing,

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dung beetles, and
everything else

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you could possibly think of.

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It really piqued my interest,

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came back, mom and dad,

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and talked about
what I wanted to do.

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Dad was like,

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seems kind of nuts, but
why don't you try it

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on a piece of the
ranch this next year?

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We founded Barney Creek
Livestock in 2016.

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So we've gone from raising
hay and selling hay

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to raising cows and
selling grass-fed beef.

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- I work with my dad
as often as possible.

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We just took down this back
fence that they were just in,

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and set it up for
half of a paddock,

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because in this
last little triangle

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we're gonna do a little bit of

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high stock intensity grazing.

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To help the grass regenerate,

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instead of letting them just
eating bits that they like,

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they're all put
into competition,

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so they just eat it all evenly.

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And that will help
the grass grow back

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taller than it was before.

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What we're really seeing

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is diversity in our pasture,

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different grasses
we hadn't seen,

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which is directly
related to the soil.

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I hope it's wet enough.

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We can actually dig a hole.

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Just having people like Nicole,

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being willing to share
knowledge and mentoring.

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She's good, and she's a great
resource and great human.

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- So yeah, tell me a little bit

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about what you've
been doing here.

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- Trying to get what
you always talk about,

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that living root,

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really trying to
get it to root down.

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- So this is a rhizosheath here.

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So see how soil is
actually sticking to it?

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We want these roots to
look like dreadlocks,

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because that's
what's protecting you

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against climactic extremes.

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- Okay.

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- Let's get massive
Rastafarian roots,

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and now we've got a system
that's cooking with gas,

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because that's gonna be
supporting carbon draw-down.

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- So you want that
sheath to be all the way

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on those longest roots, okay.

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- So that when we
dig these plants up,

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see that lovely, those
lovely aggregates,

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and you see there's
a rhizosheath down
there, that depth.

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Well, what's to stop
it being 20 feet?

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There's nothing.

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Yeah, but everything about soil

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is really about communication,

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and this communication
and exchange

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is happening with carbon.

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Carbon is sent out the
roots of the plant,

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to feed the microbiology.

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Now that carbon is then
taken by either some kinds

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of bacteria or one organism

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that's called mycorrhizal fungi.

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It can expand that plant's
ability way beyond the roots

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to access water and nutrients.

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When the first pioneers
came into these grasslands

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and broke them in to plant
other types of crops,

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as they drove that plow
through the grassland,

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it sounded like
someone had a bullwhip,

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cracking it from a mile away.

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So people could hear
those root systems,

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just snapping and cracking.

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And it was a huge,
really, really loud sound.

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Those are the systems that
we've degraded and lost.

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So one of the
things that we know

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about getting root systems down,

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is they're gonna
directly translate

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to the quality of the beef
product that you're producing.

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So we start to grow beef

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fit for human consumption.

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So a lot of the practices
of feeding grain

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or using a lot of
synthetic fertilizers,

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we take out that quality aspect.

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Now you're gonna have
to eat this huge steak,

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instead of better nutrition
in a smaller piece of meat.

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Nicole always talks about

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when you've concentrated
your operation on soil first,

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you can taste it.

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- It just has a
more rich flavor.

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It tastes like it should.

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- We both have second jobs.

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He's gone for six
months out of the year.

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He's a smoke jumper.

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So he's doing that
during fire season.

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So it's the kids and I that
are here with Cathy and Larry.

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And we just keep things afloat.

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Usually when Pete's
gone, something happens.

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Sometimes I'm so
afraid to call you,

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but I know that you'll
always be there to help me.

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And you guys jump right in,

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but it was so much fun to
watch you move those sheep.

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I called Pete and I
was like, man, I mean

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your mom can just
really move animals.

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- So, when we started
leasing the place from you,

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you know, I wanted to do

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some kind of weird things.

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- Non-traditional.

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- Yeah.

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- You wanted to improve
just like Dad improved.

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And this was the way you
felt you could improve.

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- And just with the cost of
equipment for haying and stuff,

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and thinking about having
to replace that in 10 years.

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- I go into the barn there
every now and then sit there

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and cry 'cause I'm
not running it.

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- And at the same time
you moaned and groaned

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when you had to
do it all summer.

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- When Pete first brought this
up, what were your thoughts?

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'Cause that's a leap of faith.

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I mean, that is a leap of faith.

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- It took about a year,

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just to get used to it.

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- But have you
ever had a pasture

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that looked like these pastures?

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- No.
- Okay.

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- We know that agriculture
started around 10,000 years ago,

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somewhere in the
Fertile Crescent.

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The earliest farmers recognized

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that planting in intervals,

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creating cycles of weed
control and pest control,

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was a way to manage
the landscape.

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They harnessed plant diversity.

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Agriculture looks nothing
like that anymore.

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We have become industrialized.

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We've used the latest technology

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to radically change the
way that we produce food.

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- What we've been
doing to the land

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over the long term is we've
been clearing forests.

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We've been plowing
and monocropping.

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And in recent decades
we've been dousing

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the landscape with chemicals.

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Industrial agriculture has been
a huge source of pollution,

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and emissions of carbon,

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because of all the
machinery, all the chemicals,

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and meat production
puts cattle in feedlots,

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where they then become
an environmental problem,

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because these cows
are emitting methane.

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In fact, over time, more CO2
has gone into the atmosphere

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from faulty
agricultural practices,

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00:12:01,155 --> 00:12:04,724
compared to the burning
of fossil fuels.

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We may get a lot of yield

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00:12:06,203 --> 00:12:09,032
when practicing
industrialized agriculture,

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but the quality suffers.

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Food is actually less
nutritious than it used to be.

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For every one apple
grown in the early 1900s,

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you would need to
eat five apples now

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to get the same nutrition.

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And a huge irony is that
most of what we produce

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isn't even for food.

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Soy and corn are grown for
animals to fatten them up.

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- We've been on a chemical
experiment for a very long time.

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Now people are seeing
the consequences.

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By feeding animals grain,

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we're actually impacting
on human health

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00:12:48,942 --> 00:12:50,682
and in animals as well.

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- But now a better
understanding about the fact

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that it's all a system,

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and advances in how to
use regenerative practices

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allows us to move past
those technologies

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to things that will work better,

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00:13:05,872 --> 00:13:07,699
like no-till farming,

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00:13:07,743 --> 00:13:10,528
farming without plowing land,

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planting cover crops.

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The dramatic reduction in
fertilizer and chemical usage

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00:13:17,144 --> 00:13:19,015
and putting animals on the land,

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00:13:19,059 --> 00:13:22,323
cows especially, act
like bio processors,

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eating crops then putting
it back into the earth

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in a way that really increases

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the carbon content of the soil.

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- Our soils are
tired, they're naked,

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they're thirsty
and they're hungry.

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They're out there
uncovered and exposed.

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They're tired because they've
just been worked to death,

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thirsty, because they
can't store the water

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that they used to be able to.

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00:13:45,302 --> 00:13:46,889
And they're hungry
because they're no longer

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getting the carbon into the soil

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00:13:48,697 --> 00:13:50,830
from growing plants
for more of the year.

259
00:13:54,834 --> 00:13:56,183
So we need to fix that.

260
00:13:57,488 --> 00:13:59,316
That's where cover
crops can come in.

261
00:14:04,321 --> 00:14:06,584
- So these are
small-seeded favas?

262
00:14:06,628 --> 00:14:08,064
- This is a new variety

263
00:14:08,108 --> 00:14:10,893
that I've got some
contract production on.

264
00:14:10,937 --> 00:14:13,069
- See a little bit
of a difference.

265
00:14:13,113 --> 00:14:15,593
- My brother, Brian and I
farm here in Bladen, Nebraska,

266
00:14:15,637 --> 00:14:17,073
south central part in Nebraska.

267
00:14:17,117 --> 00:14:19,336
Is there an extra band
of nitrogen you think,

268
00:14:19,380 --> 00:14:21,164
right through there?

269
00:14:21,208 --> 00:14:23,471
And we own and operate
Green Cover Seed.

270
00:14:26,822 --> 00:14:30,173
At Green Cover Seed, we provide

271
00:14:30,217 --> 00:14:31,914
custom cover crop mixes

272
00:14:31,958 --> 00:14:33,916
for customers all
across the country.

273
00:14:35,962 --> 00:14:38,225
Cover crops aren't cash crops.

274
00:14:38,268 --> 00:14:41,793
We plant them in between what
we call the fallow periods,

275
00:14:41,837 --> 00:14:43,317
where nothing's growing,

276
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,798
and they're better for the
farmers and for the environment,

277
00:14:46,842 --> 00:14:48,757
because we're getting
our system back

278
00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:51,064
to a biologically-based system.

279
00:14:52,804 --> 00:14:54,204
When our forefathers
would have come

280
00:14:54,241 --> 00:14:56,112
and started farming these lands,

281
00:14:56,156 --> 00:14:59,333
most of it would have been
five to 6% organic matter.

282
00:15:00,290 --> 00:15:02,858
After 150 years of farming,

283
00:15:02,902 --> 00:15:06,079
it's down to one and a half
percent organic matter levels.

284
00:15:07,950 --> 00:15:11,649
Cover crops put organic
matter back into the soil.

285
00:15:11,693 --> 00:15:15,044
Organic matter is 70% carbon.

286
00:15:15,088 --> 00:15:16,219
The darker the color,

287
00:15:16,263 --> 00:15:18,134
the more carbon it's
gonna have in it.

288
00:15:18,178 --> 00:15:21,485
Carbon is the main food
source for the soil biology.

289
00:15:22,747 --> 00:15:24,271
And so we need to
bring that back,

290
00:15:24,314 --> 00:15:26,055
because high
organic matter soils

291
00:15:26,099 --> 00:15:28,318
are so much more
resistant to drought,

292
00:15:28,362 --> 00:15:30,930
more resistant to
insects and diseases.

293
00:15:30,973 --> 00:15:32,279
That's good-looking soil.

294
00:15:32,322 --> 00:15:34,934
- Yeah, you want it to
look like chocolate cake.

295
00:15:34,977 --> 00:15:37,980
- Once people understand the
principles of soil health,

296
00:15:38,024 --> 00:15:40,113
the only logical
conclusion is that

297
00:15:40,156 --> 00:15:43,551
you have to have something
else growing out there,

298
00:15:43,594 --> 00:15:46,597
and cover crops, they're just
going to be more productive.

299
00:15:46,641 --> 00:15:48,643
And that's a win-win
for the farmer,

300
00:15:48,686 --> 00:15:51,298
and it's gonna be a win-win
for the environment as well.

301
00:15:54,431 --> 00:15:57,608
When we first started,
we went to a conference

302
00:15:57,652 --> 00:16:00,133
that got us all excited
about cover crops.

303
00:16:01,134 --> 00:16:03,745
We were looking
for a way to bring

304
00:16:03,788 --> 00:16:05,486
some of the kids
back to the farm,

305
00:16:05,529 --> 00:16:07,009
and we decided to go this route

306
00:16:07,053 --> 00:16:09,011
of trying to sell
cover crop seed

307
00:16:09,055 --> 00:16:11,405
rather than trying
to greatly expand

308
00:16:11,448 --> 00:16:13,581
the number of acres
that we were farming.

309
00:16:13,624 --> 00:16:17,150
So we started building, and
we've been building ever since.

310
00:16:19,065 --> 00:16:20,196
Really what we're doing

311
00:16:20,240 --> 00:16:21,719
is taking all these
raw ingredients.

312
00:16:21,763 --> 00:16:23,895
What we do is try
to design the mix

313
00:16:23,939 --> 00:16:25,723
that will be best
for the farmer.

314
00:16:25,767 --> 00:16:28,074
We have over 120
different types of seed.

315
00:16:28,117 --> 00:16:32,556
What they need for their fields
to help improve their soil,

316
00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:35,385
and to have more
diverse crop rotations.

317
00:16:36,865 --> 00:16:39,694
- Modern farming, we tend
to monoculture everything.

318
00:16:39,737 --> 00:16:42,914
We want to do a really good
job of controlling one plant,

319
00:16:42,958 --> 00:16:45,047
'cause it's very hard to
control lots of plants,

320
00:16:45,091 --> 00:16:47,658
but the more diverse we
get in our rotations,

321
00:16:47,702 --> 00:16:50,748
the less chemicals we
tend to have to use.

322
00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:54,361
- If I'm only growing
corn and soybeans,

323
00:16:54,404 --> 00:16:56,493
I can't have a
really healthy soil,

324
00:16:56,537 --> 00:16:58,191
because certain crops are always

325
00:16:58,234 --> 00:17:01,063
gonna be pulling the
same nutrients out.

326
00:17:01,107 --> 00:17:02,543
But if I'm surrounded by plants

327
00:17:02,586 --> 00:17:05,459
that have different root
systems, different needs,

328
00:17:05,502 --> 00:17:09,115
they fill different niches
within that ecosystem,

329
00:17:09,158 --> 00:17:11,769
and we see this huge
influx of diversity

330
00:17:11,813 --> 00:17:14,163
coming into the soil.

331
00:17:14,207 --> 00:17:15,556
It's like my brother and I,

332
00:17:15,599 --> 00:17:18,515
we have different talents,
different interests.

333
00:17:18,559 --> 00:17:19,840
You know, there's
times when we maybe

334
00:17:19,864 --> 00:17:21,257
butt heads a little bit,

335
00:17:21,301 --> 00:17:24,086
but mostly my strengths
will help his weaknesses,

336
00:17:24,130 --> 00:17:26,088
and his strengths will
help my weaknesses.

337
00:17:26,132 --> 00:17:27,916
It's the same way with plants.

338
00:17:27,959 --> 00:17:30,092
I need to have
much more balance.

339
00:17:31,311 --> 00:17:32,225
- That buckwheat you plant now

340
00:17:32,268 --> 00:17:34,009
and that'll be harvested when?

341
00:17:34,053 --> 00:17:36,011
- Right after it freezes.

342
00:17:36,055 --> 00:17:37,665
- Wow, that's gonna
be ready that quick?

343
00:17:37,708 --> 00:17:40,798
- When we talk about
farmers changing

344
00:17:40,842 --> 00:17:42,365
the way they do things,

345
00:17:42,409 --> 00:17:44,411
one of the bigger motivators is,

346
00:17:44,454 --> 00:17:45,847
you know, show me the money.

347
00:17:45,890 --> 00:17:47,283
- We'll walk out this way.

348
00:17:47,327 --> 00:17:49,807
That's where things
really come together.

349
00:17:49,851 --> 00:17:51,896
And not only for productivity,

350
00:17:51,940 --> 00:17:53,420
but also for profitability,

351
00:17:53,463 --> 00:17:55,987
because now, without
all the herbicides,

352
00:17:56,031 --> 00:17:58,599
I don't have a lot
of the cost issues.

353
00:17:58,642 --> 00:18:01,645
Then in no-till farming, I
don't have the erosion issue.

354
00:18:03,343 --> 00:18:05,693
- Anytime you till the
ground, you're opening it up,

355
00:18:05,736 --> 00:18:09,784
and it allows for more
evaporation, and more erosion.

356
00:18:11,177 --> 00:18:13,962
By no-tilling, you're keeping
the residue on the soil,

357
00:18:14,005 --> 00:18:15,094
protecting it.

358
00:18:17,487 --> 00:18:20,795
The no-till drill will
slice through the residue,

359
00:18:20,838 --> 00:18:24,581
plant a seed, and then
close the soil back up.

360
00:18:24,625 --> 00:18:27,758
And so we keep the structure
of the soil intact.

361
00:18:29,282 --> 00:18:31,110
Then you get better
infiltration.

362
00:18:31,153 --> 00:18:34,548
So when it does rain, it
soaks in versus running off.

363
00:18:35,679 --> 00:18:37,159
- The thing that
affects us the most

364
00:18:37,203 --> 00:18:40,467
is our rainfall events
are less frequent,

365
00:18:40,510 --> 00:18:41,903
but they're more intense.

366
00:18:44,079 --> 00:18:45,578
I may have to catch
my rainfall in April

367
00:18:45,602 --> 00:18:47,648
for what my crop needs in July.

368
00:18:47,691 --> 00:18:50,216
So I need that soil
to be able to hold

369
00:18:50,259 --> 00:18:52,653
as much water as
it possibly can.

370
00:18:52,696 --> 00:18:56,657
I can't do that unless my
soils are really healthy.

371
00:18:56,700 --> 00:19:00,008
Every time I can increase
1% of organic matter.

372
00:19:00,051 --> 00:19:02,358
If I was at 1% and I went to 2%,

373
00:19:02,402 --> 00:19:06,101
I can hold an additional
25,000 gallons of water

374
00:19:06,145 --> 00:19:08,625
in the soil per acre.

375
00:19:08,669 --> 00:19:09,669
And that's huge.

376
00:19:14,065 --> 00:19:17,068
- There are 1.8 billion hectares

377
00:19:17,112 --> 00:19:19,680
of cropland around the world.

378
00:19:19,723 --> 00:19:23,249
And if you would convert
a lot of those areas

379
00:19:23,292 --> 00:19:25,686
to these practices
of not tilling,

380
00:19:25,729 --> 00:19:27,296
of planting cover crops,

381
00:19:27,340 --> 00:19:29,255
more diverse crop rotations,

382
00:19:29,298 --> 00:19:31,518
it would make a
meaningful change

383
00:19:31,561 --> 00:19:34,738
in the level of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.

384
00:19:36,784 --> 00:19:40,222
- If we want to pull carbon
dioxide out of the atmosphere,

385
00:19:40,266 --> 00:19:44,661
we really only have one
mechanism to harness,

386
00:19:44,705 --> 00:19:46,794
and that is photosynthesis.

387
00:19:46,837 --> 00:19:49,405
Plants left to their own devices

388
00:19:49,449 --> 00:19:51,842
would do exactly what
we want them to do.

389
00:19:51,886 --> 00:19:54,845
They'd pull carbon dioxide
out of the atmosphere

390
00:19:54,889 --> 00:19:58,327
using chlorophyll and sunlight,
and feed life in the soil.

391
00:20:00,590 --> 00:20:03,941
- And we can think
of a plant as a pump,

392
00:20:03,985 --> 00:20:07,118
because it's
pumping carbon down,

393
00:20:07,162 --> 00:20:10,470
and it's also bringing water up,

394
00:20:10,513 --> 00:20:13,647
and that's through the
process of transpiration,

395
00:20:13,690 --> 00:20:16,867
which is actually another huge

396
00:20:16,911 --> 00:20:22,003
unrecognized factor in
temperature regulation.

397
00:20:23,222 --> 00:20:25,659
Transpiration is a
cooling mechanism.

398
00:20:25,702 --> 00:20:28,836
The more plants we
have, the more cooling.

399
00:20:30,751 --> 00:20:34,668
So when people are working
to restore ecosystems,

400
00:20:34,711 --> 00:20:39,586
the first thing they
do is create a scenario

401
00:20:39,629 --> 00:20:43,285
where they can hold
the water on the land.

402
00:20:45,287 --> 00:20:48,290
And many of the most successful
regenerative projects

403
00:20:48,334 --> 00:20:51,250
have taken place in the
harshest environments.

404
00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:12,401
- You'll see it's drier
than three hours ago.

405
00:21:14,795 --> 00:21:17,406
For me, regenerative ranching,

406
00:21:17,450 --> 00:21:18,842
first of all, is hope,

407
00:21:20,366 --> 00:21:23,630
hope that things are gonna
get better for the community,

408
00:21:23,673 --> 00:21:26,894
better for the owner,
by working with nature.

409
00:21:28,896 --> 00:21:30,767
We are in a typical place

410
00:21:30,811 --> 00:21:35,206
in the middle of the Chihuahuan
desert in northern Mexico,

411
00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:37,078
very close to the southern US.

412
00:21:38,819 --> 00:21:42,126
We only get rain a couple
of months the whole year.

413
00:21:43,519 --> 00:21:44,955
With the rain that you get,

414
00:21:44,999 --> 00:21:49,351
you have to produce enough
grass to go all over

415
00:21:49,395 --> 00:21:50,526
the other 10 months.

416
00:21:52,615 --> 00:21:55,879
What we see here is
that the water cycle

417
00:21:55,923 --> 00:21:57,272
is completely broken.

418
00:21:58,578 --> 00:22:01,929
We have a lot of overgrazing
on the same pastures.

419
00:22:03,496 --> 00:22:06,150
When we start holistic
management in my ranch,

420
00:22:06,194 --> 00:22:09,023
most of the place
looked like this.

421
00:22:09,066 --> 00:22:11,634
So it's sometimes hard
to believe for ranchers

422
00:22:11,678 --> 00:22:13,593
that we can change this.

423
00:22:13,636 --> 00:22:16,944
They think, well, this is a
desert, you cannot change it,

424
00:22:16,987 --> 00:22:19,686
but we have to go
back to 400 years ago,

425
00:22:19,729 --> 00:22:21,383
where this was grasslands.

426
00:22:22,558 --> 00:22:24,908
The call for this
land is grasslands.

427
00:22:26,780 --> 00:22:29,652
We'd be spending so many
years fighting nature

428
00:22:29,696 --> 00:22:31,524
with really no results.

429
00:22:31,567 --> 00:22:33,177
So I think it's very
important for us

430
00:22:33,221 --> 00:22:37,965
to understand the
water cycle, the soil,

431
00:22:39,140 --> 00:22:42,448
so we're just trying to
help nature, help us.

432
00:22:47,278 --> 00:22:50,412
The name of my ranch is
Las Damas Cattle Ranch.

433
00:22:51,587 --> 00:22:54,155
Las Damas has 30,000 acres.

434
00:22:57,201 --> 00:22:59,465
After spending some time
in Mexico and the US,

435
00:22:59,508 --> 00:23:01,554
working in information
technology,

436
00:23:02,859 --> 00:23:05,209
my father talked
to me and he said,

437
00:23:05,253 --> 00:23:07,429
you want to go back
and work on the ranch?

438
00:23:08,865 --> 00:23:11,085
And I was actually
waiting for the moment.

439
00:23:14,044 --> 00:23:16,873
The Carillo family
was a rancher family,

440
00:23:16,917 --> 00:23:19,485
starting from my great-granddad,

441
00:23:19,528 --> 00:23:21,530
and then my granddad
and then my dad.

442
00:23:22,705 --> 00:23:25,012
And he asked me
to take the reins.

443
00:23:25,055 --> 00:23:27,623
I told him, you know, we're
gonna try this new approach,

444
00:23:27,667 --> 00:23:28,667
holistic management.

445
00:23:29,756 --> 00:23:32,411
My father was a
little bit reluctant,

446
00:23:33,934 --> 00:23:35,979
but he said I'm
gonna support you

447
00:23:36,023 --> 00:23:38,852
because I also have
the love for the land.

448
00:23:48,818 --> 00:23:51,821
- So we're to trying
fix this bare ground

449
00:23:51,865 --> 00:23:54,433
with cattle that is
under certain control.

450
00:24:02,397 --> 00:24:05,618
500 years ago, in
this particular place,

451
00:24:05,661 --> 00:24:07,533
there were hundreds of bison,

452
00:24:08,577 --> 00:24:10,492
thousands of bighorns.

453
00:24:11,928 --> 00:24:14,888
They worked the soil pretty
hard, and they move on.

454
00:24:17,151 --> 00:24:20,371
We concentrate the
cattle in just one spot,

455
00:24:20,415 --> 00:24:24,854
mimicking the bison
patterns of many years ago.

456
00:24:26,769 --> 00:24:29,946
When you put your
animals together,

457
00:24:29,990 --> 00:24:32,601
there's much more
impact on the soil.

458
00:24:33,733 --> 00:24:35,822
We're putting the manure
so close together.

459
00:24:37,563 --> 00:24:40,522
We have these
incredible dung beetles.

460
00:24:42,872 --> 00:24:44,265
You see the holes there?

461
00:24:44,308 --> 00:24:48,269
66% of the manure is
gonna get into the soil,

462
00:24:48,312 --> 00:24:49,749
thanks to the dung beetles.

463
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:52,795
That will help us
infiltrate more water.

464
00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:58,061
That will help the grass
to get better nutrition,

465
00:24:58,105 --> 00:25:00,107
and to promote new grasses.

466
00:25:02,065 --> 00:25:05,591
The way we understand how
to fix the water cycle

467
00:25:05,634 --> 00:25:07,941
is by having more ground cover.

468
00:25:09,029 --> 00:25:11,814
The more rain we
have across the year,

469
00:25:11,858 --> 00:25:14,338
the better for the micro herd,

470
00:25:14,382 --> 00:25:16,210
this little herd that we have

471
00:25:16,253 --> 00:25:17,994
under the ground
that we don't see.

472
00:25:19,430 --> 00:25:22,129
This is nice, because you
have the ants working,

473
00:25:23,696 --> 00:25:25,088
and also the termites.

474
00:25:26,263 --> 00:25:29,528
If we were going to
do this herbicide,

475
00:25:29,571 --> 00:25:30,659
we're gonna kill all life.

476
00:25:32,139 --> 00:25:34,271
See all the fungi here?

477
00:25:34,315 --> 00:25:36,709
Why trying to kill this insect,

478
00:25:36,752 --> 00:25:39,538
if it is part of the
whole life cycle?

479
00:25:41,235 --> 00:25:42,889
We need to understand
that better.

480
00:25:44,978 --> 00:25:48,111
When we started holistic
management in my ranch,

481
00:25:48,155 --> 00:25:51,898
only very few people
were practicing
regenerative ranching.

482
00:25:51,941 --> 00:25:56,163
So I was very fortunate to have
these regenerative ranchers,

483
00:25:56,206 --> 00:25:59,949
like Jesus Almeida, who
said it can be done.

484
00:25:59,993 --> 00:26:01,908
Jesus, we're seeing a
lot of that happening

485
00:26:01,951 --> 00:26:02,909
right now at the ranch.

486
00:26:02,952 --> 00:26:05,172
They were my mentors.

487
00:26:05,215 --> 00:26:07,454
When I got into trouble, I
just grabbed the phone and say,

488
00:26:07,478 --> 00:26:09,611
Jesus, I'm seeing this.

489
00:26:09,655 --> 00:26:11,047
Okay Alex, do this, this, this,

490
00:26:11,091 --> 00:26:12,614
and you will solve
what can I say.

491
00:26:12,658 --> 00:26:14,007
Well, he was right.

492
00:26:15,356 --> 00:26:16,879
So you have been working,

493
00:26:16,923 --> 00:26:19,621
getting nice results
for so many years.

494
00:26:19,665 --> 00:26:22,624
- Well, the thing is
that is very difficult

495
00:26:22,668 --> 00:26:25,975
for humans to
change their minds.

496
00:26:27,673 --> 00:26:29,283
- How, how do you
change their minds?

497
00:26:29,326 --> 00:26:31,677
- Well, I change it
because I was broke.

498
00:26:32,852 --> 00:26:34,438
- Ranchers change
because they're broken.

499
00:26:34,462 --> 00:26:35,462
- Yeah.

500
00:26:38,205 --> 00:26:42,035
- When I moved from
IT, into the ranching,

501
00:26:42,078 --> 00:26:44,646
I came with a mentality
of individualism,

502
00:26:44,690 --> 00:26:45,995
of competitiveness.

503
00:26:48,171 --> 00:26:52,219
But, when the first town is
40 miles from your ranch,

504
00:26:52,262 --> 00:26:55,222
you have to rely
on your neighbors.

505
00:26:55,265 --> 00:26:58,704
Then you start opening your
mind and your heart as well.

506
00:26:58,747 --> 00:27:01,663
I think we all can
regenerate this land,

507
00:27:01,707 --> 00:27:05,624
we can create a microclimate
that will really help us

508
00:27:05,667 --> 00:27:07,190
with the whole water thing.

509
00:27:07,234 --> 00:27:09,715
- And then in these
tough times, right now,

510
00:27:09,758 --> 00:27:12,718
we're coming out of our
third year in a drought,

511
00:27:12,761 --> 00:27:14,067
but we're still good.

512
00:27:14,110 --> 00:27:16,069
- Imagine if we
were not doing this.

513
00:27:16,112 --> 00:27:18,637
- Oh no, I can't,
I can't imagine.

514
00:27:20,377 --> 00:27:22,292
- There are a few things
that are very important

515
00:27:22,336 --> 00:27:24,207
in holistic management grazing.

516
00:27:24,251 --> 00:27:26,993
First is the mindset.

517
00:27:27,036 --> 00:27:29,691
If you have all this
conventional mindset,

518
00:27:29,735 --> 00:27:31,737
you have to let it go.

519
00:27:31,780 --> 00:27:34,261
So you open some
room in your mind,

520
00:27:34,304 --> 00:27:38,569
and then you let the new
things coming in, then water,

521
00:27:38,613 --> 00:27:41,007
because we can grow
a lot of grass,

522
00:27:41,050 --> 00:27:44,532
but water has to be
ahead of the grass.

523
00:27:45,751 --> 00:27:48,884
You can see, we have
this water storage,

524
00:27:48,928 --> 00:27:51,670
and it has a trough
on the outside.

525
00:27:53,019 --> 00:27:54,803
In this area in the
Chihuahuan desert,

526
00:27:54,847 --> 00:27:56,675
we get the water from wells.

527
00:27:58,024 --> 00:28:01,114
We take the water from
the well to a water tank,

528
00:28:01,157 --> 00:28:04,030
then distribute the water
by gravity, to the troughs.

529
00:28:05,858 --> 00:28:08,251
Our herd is over a
thousand animals.

530
00:28:09,688 --> 00:28:12,299
They walk no
farther than a mile.

531
00:28:17,391 --> 00:28:18,609
After they drink,

532
00:28:18,653 --> 00:28:20,394
then they go back to
water on the next day.

533
00:28:22,483 --> 00:28:26,922
One thing we've been focusing
a lot on these emissions,

534
00:28:26,966 --> 00:28:31,710
but in reality, water regulates
almost 95% of the climate.

535
00:28:41,197 --> 00:28:43,983
- I think it's really
important in this whole focus

536
00:28:44,026 --> 00:28:46,420
of greenhouse gases
and water quality,

537
00:28:46,463 --> 00:28:48,354
and all of these issues
that we're talking about,

538
00:28:48,378 --> 00:28:51,730
is to really, to step back
and look at the big picture.

539
00:28:53,253 --> 00:28:54,558
Ever since agriculture began,

540
00:28:54,602 --> 00:28:56,778
we've been exporting carbon.

541
00:28:56,822 --> 00:28:58,693
Either we're sending it
up into the atmosphere,

542
00:28:58,737 --> 00:29:00,521
or out into the waterways.

543
00:29:03,132 --> 00:29:06,527
And the biggest driver for
greenhouse gas emissions

544
00:29:06,570 --> 00:29:08,921
is water vapor.

545
00:29:08,964 --> 00:29:10,661
Excess water up
in the atmosphere

546
00:29:10,705 --> 00:29:13,099
is creating these
catastrophic conditions.

547
00:29:16,667 --> 00:29:19,975
So how do we get water back
into the soil where it belongs?

548
00:29:21,585 --> 00:29:23,674
Well, when we start
to pull carbon down,

549
00:29:23,718 --> 00:29:25,546
we're also pulling water down.

550
00:29:26,939 --> 00:29:29,811
These grasslands are net
sinks for greenhouse gases.

551
00:29:32,248 --> 00:29:35,121
- The grasslands are very
important as a landscape,

552
00:29:35,164 --> 00:29:37,340
because they are vast,

553
00:29:37,384 --> 00:29:40,474
around a third of our
terrestrial landmass,

554
00:29:41,867 --> 00:29:46,132
and they have deep soils,
great carbon syncs,

555
00:29:46,175 --> 00:29:48,830
great water regulators.

556
00:29:48,874 --> 00:29:52,965
They really provide
stability to the planet.

557
00:29:53,879 --> 00:29:55,445
- So we need to
be really looking

558
00:29:55,489 --> 00:29:57,970
at how do we ensure that that
grassland is being managed

559
00:29:58,013 --> 00:30:00,059
in a way that restores cycles.

560
00:30:00,102 --> 00:30:03,192
How do we start to
build resilience into
these landscapes?

561
00:30:58,204 --> 00:31:00,946
- The most massive perfect storm

562
00:31:02,425 --> 00:31:04,558
is bearing down upon us.

563
00:31:04,601 --> 00:31:08,562
Now, this perfect storm
that we are facing,

564
00:31:08,605 --> 00:31:11,478
is the result of our
rising population,

565
00:31:11,521 --> 00:31:14,481
rising towards 10
billion people,

566
00:31:14,524 --> 00:31:17,136
And of course climate change.

567
00:31:17,179 --> 00:31:20,400
But fossil fuels,
carbon, coal, and gas,

568
00:31:20,443 --> 00:31:22,358
are by no means the only thing

569
00:31:22,402 --> 00:31:25,144
that is causing climate change.

570
00:31:25,187 --> 00:31:29,104
Desertification, is a fancy word

571
00:31:29,148 --> 00:31:31,585
for land that is
turning to desert.

572
00:31:32,803 --> 00:31:34,370
You can look at it from space,

573
00:31:34,414 --> 00:31:37,634
and what you see in green
is not desertifying,

574
00:31:37,678 --> 00:31:39,985
and what you see in brown is,

575
00:31:40,028 --> 00:31:42,465
about two thirds of the world.

576
00:31:42,509 --> 00:31:47,209
Now we know that desertification
is caused by livestock,

577
00:31:47,253 --> 00:31:49,603
mostly cattle, sheep, and goats,

578
00:31:49,646 --> 00:31:51,910
overgrazing, leaving
the soil bare,

579
00:31:51,953 --> 00:31:53,520
and giving off methane.

580
00:31:54,782 --> 00:31:59,352
In Africa, where I grew
up, I loved wildlife.

581
00:31:59,395 --> 00:32:02,181
And so I grew up
hating livestock,

582
00:32:02,224 --> 00:32:04,618
because of the damage
they were doing.

583
00:32:04,661 --> 00:32:09,797
Well, we were once just as
certain that the world was flat.

584
00:32:11,233 --> 00:32:14,802
We were wrong then,
and we are wrong again.

585
00:32:14,845 --> 00:32:18,980
We've discovered we can use
much vilified livestock,

586
00:32:19,024 --> 00:32:21,156
bunched and moving,

587
00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:23,506
to address climate change
and desertification.

588
00:32:35,040 --> 00:32:36,737
- Mara is a special place.

589
00:32:38,043 --> 00:32:40,523
With the game, the
landscape, the scenery.

590
00:32:43,265 --> 00:32:44,440
To me, it's a paradise.

591
00:32:48,444 --> 00:32:50,577
The Maasai is a tribe
that lives in the Mara.

592
00:32:51,839 --> 00:32:54,146
We cover most part
of southern Kenya,

593
00:32:54,189 --> 00:32:56,191
all the way to Serengeti.

594
00:32:57,323 --> 00:32:59,499
They are a welcoming community,

595
00:32:59,542 --> 00:33:00,761
with a beautiful culture.

596
00:33:02,502 --> 00:33:04,156
We love wildlife.

597
00:33:04,199 --> 00:33:07,768
And Maasai really
love their livestock.

598
00:33:12,816 --> 00:33:15,819
I've been working as a guide
in Enonkishu Conservancy

599
00:33:15,863 --> 00:33:17,169
for the last seven years.

600
00:33:17,952 --> 00:33:19,693
And it's been a wonderful job.

601
00:33:22,130 --> 00:33:25,177
- Enonkishu is a Conservancy
that we started about 2013.

602
00:33:26,787 --> 00:33:29,703
My father came to Kenya and
started farming in this area.

603
00:33:31,139 --> 00:33:33,446
Then we bought 1500 acres,

604
00:33:33,489 --> 00:33:36,971
right in the Mara ecosystem
if you like, on the river.

605
00:33:37,015 --> 00:33:38,755
You are smarty pants.

606
00:33:38,799 --> 00:33:41,080
When we were farming, things
were not going terribly well.

607
00:33:42,542 --> 00:33:44,892
And we started to think we
could take a leap of faith,

608
00:33:44,935 --> 00:33:47,286
and and scrap all the farmland,

609
00:33:47,329 --> 00:33:50,506
and go on a massive
rewilding project,

610
00:33:50,550 --> 00:33:52,552
to try and make
profits from the land,

611
00:33:52,595 --> 00:33:54,728
through wildlife and tourism.

612
00:33:54,771 --> 00:33:56,599
Take the community with us,

613
00:33:58,079 --> 00:34:00,038
and regenerate the land
and wildlife around here.

614
00:34:01,909 --> 00:34:04,694
- When we started the
conservation project,

615
00:34:04,738 --> 00:34:08,350
it was a very different
scenario in this conservancy.

616
00:34:08,394 --> 00:34:10,700
It was very much barren land.

617
00:34:10,744 --> 00:34:14,052
There was very little grass
available for the cattle,

618
00:34:14,095 --> 00:34:16,706
and there was very
limited wildlife habitats.

619
00:34:17,881 --> 00:34:20,232
Poaching was all over the place.

620
00:34:20,275 --> 00:34:22,321
People were cutting
trees down for charcoal.

621
00:34:23,496 --> 00:34:26,673
- What we've managed to
do with the community

622
00:34:26,716 --> 00:34:28,370
is to reverse that,

623
00:34:28,414 --> 00:34:31,808
and see a huge shift from
intensive agriculture,

624
00:34:31,852 --> 00:34:35,160
back to wilderness
and open range land.

625
00:34:40,426 --> 00:34:44,082
- When I realized that
we could use livestock

626
00:34:44,125 --> 00:34:46,301
to reverse climate change,

627
00:34:46,345 --> 00:34:48,869
I found there were
planning techniques,

628
00:34:48,912 --> 00:34:51,698
and from those I
developed what we call,

629
00:34:51,741 --> 00:34:55,180
holistic management
and planned grazing.

630
00:34:57,007 --> 00:34:58,792
- We didn't know how
to do this at all.

631
00:34:58,835 --> 00:35:00,924
We stumbled across
the Savory Institute,

632
00:35:02,143 --> 00:35:04,972
an organization which
promotes grass growth,

633
00:35:05,015 --> 00:35:07,235
through using cattle as a tool.

634
00:35:08,584 --> 00:35:11,326
- When the Savory Institute
came to Maasai Mara,

635
00:35:11,370 --> 00:35:13,285
I was one of the first
conservancy members,

636
00:35:13,328 --> 00:35:15,722
to attend their first training,

637
00:35:15,765 --> 00:35:18,551
about the holistic management.

638
00:35:18,594 --> 00:35:21,162
And we were lucky to
be trained by a legend,

639
00:35:21,206 --> 00:35:23,643
the founder of Savory Institute,

640
00:35:23,686 --> 00:35:25,558
Doctor Allan Savory.

641
00:35:25,601 --> 00:35:28,343
- Finally, they plot the
movements of the animals.

642
00:35:28,387 --> 00:35:30,215
- You want to bunch
your cattle together.

643
00:35:30,258 --> 00:35:33,566
You want them to be
one moving animal.

644
00:35:33,609 --> 00:35:36,221
We decided to train the
communities on that.

645
00:35:37,352 --> 00:35:38,590
The way it was happening before,

646
00:35:38,614 --> 00:35:40,747
is that there would be
several different herds,

647
00:35:40,790 --> 00:35:43,445
and they would be racing
for the greener pastures,

648
00:35:43,489 --> 00:35:46,013
and never really
leaving the land

649
00:35:46,056 --> 00:35:49,190
time to recover or rejuvenate.

650
00:35:49,234 --> 00:35:52,193
So we got everyone to put
their cattle into one herd.

651
00:35:52,237 --> 00:35:54,239
We could then move that around

652
00:35:54,282 --> 00:35:56,371
in a much more systematic way.

653
00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:03,422
- A mobile boma is a corral

654
00:36:03,465 --> 00:36:05,424
that you can move from
one point to another.

655
00:36:06,947 --> 00:36:10,211
They put the mobile bomas
in the most degraded land.

656
00:36:11,256 --> 00:36:13,432
So by the time they leave there,

657
00:36:13,475 --> 00:36:17,827
already that land has
got all the requirements

658
00:36:17,871 --> 00:36:19,264
for it to regenerate.

659
00:36:20,221 --> 00:36:21,744
Seed from the grass,

660
00:36:22,963 --> 00:36:24,399
it's got dung, which is manure.

661
00:36:26,401 --> 00:36:29,187
They keep on moving
around in the bomas,

662
00:36:30,710 --> 00:36:34,148
and in the end, those places
are brought back to life.

663
00:36:34,192 --> 00:36:35,192
It's beautiful.

664
00:36:36,890 --> 00:36:39,284
The mobile bomas,
they're predator proof.

665
00:36:40,154 --> 00:36:42,374
The cows are squeezed in there,

666
00:36:42,417 --> 00:36:45,028
so when the lions or
any predator comes,

667
00:36:45,072 --> 00:36:48,293
the animals don't have the
space to push in there.

668
00:36:49,207 --> 00:36:50,338
Nothing goes in there.

669
00:36:52,819 --> 00:36:54,255
- I got a call from Michael,

670
00:36:54,299 --> 00:36:56,388
from our predator
conservation program.

671
00:36:57,824 --> 00:37:00,566
- Mara Training Center is
a Savory Institute hub.

672
00:37:00,609 --> 00:37:04,134
It trains people on sustainable
rangeland management

673
00:37:04,178 --> 00:37:06,572
using a holistic
management approach.

674
00:37:06,615 --> 00:37:08,313
The herders within the Mara,

675
00:37:08,356 --> 00:37:10,315
they really liked the approach,

676
00:37:10,358 --> 00:37:12,012
because the approach
is just the same

677
00:37:12,055 --> 00:37:14,406
as what our
grandfathers used to do.

678
00:37:18,236 --> 00:37:20,934
When we started doing
the grazing in 2015,

679
00:37:20,977 --> 00:37:24,329
the level of the
grass was 20% cover.

680
00:37:24,372 --> 00:37:27,419
And within a year
of planned grazing,

681
00:37:27,462 --> 00:37:30,596
we had a 75% cover, or more.

682
00:37:33,990 --> 00:37:35,209
As soon as you have grass,

683
00:37:35,253 --> 00:37:36,515
you get the best wildlife.

684
00:37:37,864 --> 00:37:40,258
You get your small antelope,
you get your zebras.

685
00:37:43,304 --> 00:37:45,959
Now that all
the predators have come back.

686
00:37:48,353 --> 00:37:51,051
- We have a pride of lions
that have recently moved in.

687
00:37:55,795 --> 00:37:58,450
We've got big
herds of elephants.

688
00:38:00,016 --> 00:38:02,105
We have a resident
cheetah called Kisaro.

689
00:38:03,368 --> 00:38:04,630
She's been a wonderful mum,

690
00:38:04,673 --> 00:38:06,066
bringing up six cubs,

691
00:38:08,111 --> 00:38:09,722
and she's come over

692
00:38:09,765 --> 00:38:13,073
because of the abundance
of food in Enonkishu.

693
00:38:21,603 --> 00:38:22,865
And people are coming

694
00:38:22,909 --> 00:38:24,606
from all over the world
to see our animals.

695
00:38:25,738 --> 00:38:28,044
It's the wildlife, which
brings the tourists.

696
00:38:28,088 --> 00:38:29,524
The tourists bring the money,

697
00:38:29,568 --> 00:38:30,917
the money goes to
the landowners.

698
00:38:30,960 --> 00:38:33,441
The landowners look
after the wildlife.

699
00:38:33,485 --> 00:38:35,487
It's a great big circle,

700
00:38:35,530 --> 00:38:37,489
and it's very holistic,
and it's good.

701
00:38:38,403 --> 00:38:41,014
- We're making amazing progress,

702
00:38:41,057 --> 00:38:44,104
considering you've
got two new insights,

703
00:38:44,147 --> 00:38:47,760
the use of livestock
being not optional,

704
00:38:47,803 --> 00:38:51,329
but essential to save
civilization as we know it.

705
00:38:51,372 --> 00:38:52,721
And then the second,

706
00:38:52,765 --> 00:38:57,378
which is we need to
develop a holistic concept

707
00:38:57,422 --> 00:39:00,207
of how we want our lives to be,

708
00:39:00,250 --> 00:39:02,340
based on our deepest values.

709
00:39:02,383 --> 00:39:04,385
- This looks to me
like a piece of soil.

710
00:39:41,248 --> 00:39:42,249
- We had a dream.

711
00:39:43,642 --> 00:39:45,295
After we got married,

712
00:39:45,339 --> 00:39:48,037
raise a large family
in a rural setting.

713
00:39:49,169 --> 00:39:50,736
That was our dream,

714
00:39:50,779 --> 00:39:52,041
and our dream's come true.

715
00:39:53,913 --> 00:39:57,307
- We went through
commercial cattle business.

716
00:39:57,351 --> 00:39:59,397
Couldn't pay the
taxes with that.

717
00:40:00,702 --> 00:40:05,141
And the values of
the purebred business

718
00:40:05,185 --> 00:40:06,534
didn't fit our values.

719
00:40:08,406 --> 00:40:11,583
We said, we've tried
so many things,

720
00:40:11,626 --> 00:40:12,626
what do we do?

721
00:40:13,715 --> 00:40:17,197
And at that time,
holistic management,

722
00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:20,983
and grass-based agriculture
came into our experience.

723
00:40:22,332 --> 00:40:26,162
We went to so many
conventions and seminars.

724
00:40:26,206 --> 00:40:30,036
Our learning curve was
huge at that point,

725
00:40:30,079 --> 00:40:32,212
but it was exciting.

726
00:40:33,605 --> 00:40:38,261
And we quit doing the
herbicides, pesticides,

727
00:40:38,305 --> 00:40:39,915
chemical fertilizers.

728
00:40:43,528 --> 00:40:45,443
- Who would have
thought of such a thing,

729
00:40:45,486 --> 00:40:48,010
that you can finish
animals on grass?

730
00:40:49,055 --> 00:40:50,360
But you can,

731
00:40:50,404 --> 00:40:53,015
and where you're
trying to build a case

732
00:40:53,059 --> 00:40:55,496
for sequestering carbon,

733
00:40:55,540 --> 00:40:57,193
cows'll save the world,

734
00:40:57,237 --> 00:40:58,586
but it's because of grass.

735
00:41:01,763 --> 00:41:04,810
- I spend probably
about three hours a day

736
00:41:04,853 --> 00:41:06,464
making sure the grass grows.

737
00:41:07,247 --> 00:41:09,118
Look at that.

738
00:41:09,162 --> 00:41:10,162
What a toss!

739
00:41:11,338 --> 00:41:14,080
While we are
growing great grass,

740
00:41:14,123 --> 00:41:15,777
we're also very interested

741
00:41:15,821 --> 00:41:17,605
in making sure
that we grow soil.

742
00:41:18,998 --> 00:41:21,522
- And if you think
about grass-fed beef.

743
00:41:21,566 --> 00:41:22,262
Here we go.

744
00:41:22,305 --> 00:41:23,742
It starts with the soil.

745
00:41:23,785 --> 00:41:25,700
We're gonna take
the Hereford, Dave.

746
00:41:25,744 --> 00:41:27,833
- I think you can do better.

747
00:41:27,876 --> 00:41:30,488
- Healthy plants give
you healthy animals.

748
00:41:31,445 --> 00:41:34,317
Healthy animals, treated well,

749
00:41:34,361 --> 00:41:36,276
end up being healthy people.

750
00:41:36,319 --> 00:41:38,104
See that little red one.

751
00:41:38,147 --> 00:41:39,497
- Yeah.

752
00:41:39,540 --> 00:41:41,499
That really deep
body one right there?

753
00:41:41,542 --> 00:41:42,282
- Yeah.

754
00:41:42,325 --> 00:41:43,979
- Boy, it's a good one.

755
00:41:44,023 --> 00:41:46,895
I know it's a
great one, but he's wild.

756
00:41:48,549 --> 00:41:50,725
- My parents had five children.

757
00:41:50,769 --> 00:41:53,554
We are co-owners
of the James Ranch.

758
00:41:55,121 --> 00:41:56,949
My parents always invited

759
00:41:56,992 --> 00:41:58,733
all of their children to return.

760
00:41:58,777 --> 00:42:00,648
Well, first they kicked us out,

761
00:42:00,692 --> 00:42:01,997
and told us, go away,

762
00:42:02,041 --> 00:42:03,999
travel, go to
school, do whatever,

763
00:42:04,043 --> 00:42:07,786
but you need to experience
what else is out there.

764
00:42:07,829 --> 00:42:10,397
That way, if you return,

765
00:42:10,440 --> 00:42:12,268
it would be on your own terms.

766
00:42:12,312 --> 00:42:13,879
And we've all come back.

767
00:42:16,185 --> 00:42:19,188
We all had to figure out a
way to make a living here,

768
00:42:19,232 --> 00:42:23,366
and we decided to do
dairy, and cheese-making.

769
00:42:24,411 --> 00:42:25,891
And why did we do that Becca?

770
00:42:28,328 --> 00:42:30,199
- Well, it was
because of the grass.

771
00:42:30,243 --> 00:42:32,898
The resource that we
have on this property

772
00:42:32,941 --> 00:42:36,379
is really beautiful,
cool season grasses.

773
00:42:36,423 --> 00:42:39,861
So we looked into how
do we take that resource

774
00:42:39,905 --> 00:42:43,386
and convert it into something
nutritious and salable?

775
00:42:45,127 --> 00:42:48,000
- I mean, I grew up here
on the beef cattle ranch,

776
00:42:48,043 --> 00:42:51,046
but I had never milked
a cow or made cheese,

777
00:42:51,090 --> 00:42:53,875
and Becca doesn't come from
an agricultural background.

778
00:42:55,268 --> 00:42:58,314
You know, we came from Seattle
during the dot.com boom.

779
00:42:58,358 --> 00:42:59,638
We had friends that were getting

780
00:42:59,664 --> 00:43:02,188
ridiculously wealthy
like overnight.

781
00:43:02,231 --> 00:43:04,799
But when I see my kids
tromping through the pasture

782
00:43:04,843 --> 00:43:07,497
with their fishing rods over
their shoulders, you know,

783
00:43:07,541 --> 00:43:09,369
that's just stuff you don't buy.

784
00:43:12,067 --> 00:43:14,940
We'd take on one or two
apprentices every year.

785
00:43:16,550 --> 00:43:17,638
- Lots of curd.

786
00:43:17,682 --> 00:43:18,987
- Yeah.

787
00:43:19,031 --> 00:43:20,685
A good batch.
- Yeah.

788
00:43:20,728 --> 00:43:23,339
I just came wanting
to make cheese,

789
00:43:23,383 --> 00:43:25,124
and then it evolved into this,

790
00:43:25,167 --> 00:43:27,343
If you're gonna make the
cheese and milk the cows,

791
00:43:27,387 --> 00:43:30,216
why not also be a steward
of the land and learn

792
00:43:30,259 --> 00:43:31,696
how to care for the soil,

793
00:43:31,739 --> 00:43:33,611
and also make good
food for people.

794
00:43:35,525 --> 00:43:37,571
- Ricotta cheese, you
can eat it right then,

795
00:43:37,615 --> 00:43:41,662
still warm, with fresh
peaches and just amazing.

796
00:43:44,447 --> 00:43:45,971
- Oh, pig pig pig pig pig.

797
00:43:47,189 --> 00:43:48,689
- The whey from all
of our cheese-making

798
00:43:48,713 --> 00:43:50,410
goes to the pork operations.

799
00:43:51,759 --> 00:43:54,414
Gunther, my nephew,
runs pastured pork.

800
00:43:54,457 --> 00:43:56,372
And so he'll take
all of that whey

801
00:43:56,416 --> 00:44:00,681
and give it to the very eager,
and happy to receive, pigs.

802
00:44:09,603 --> 00:44:12,388
- What are you doing
out of the patch, dude?

803
00:44:12,432 --> 00:44:13,825
What you doing out of the patch?

804
00:44:13,868 --> 00:44:17,655
I knew I wanted to get into
farming and I said, dad,

805
00:44:17,698 --> 00:44:19,831
do you have a piece of
ground that you don't graze?

806
00:44:19,874 --> 00:44:22,137
And he goes, oh, oh yes I do.

807
00:44:22,181 --> 00:44:23,573
It's right over there.

808
00:44:23,617 --> 00:44:25,532
It's above the ditch,

809
00:44:25,575 --> 00:44:28,578
and jumping my full
weight on that shovel,

810
00:44:28,622 --> 00:44:30,493
got me an inch into the ground.

811
00:44:30,537 --> 00:44:34,497
I couldn't even break
the soil, it was so bad.

812
00:44:34,541 --> 00:44:35,716
And I think we tried

813
00:44:35,760 --> 00:44:38,676
75 varieties of things
growing in there.

814
00:44:39,807 --> 00:44:41,287
And we learned
that sweet potatoes

815
00:44:41,330 --> 00:44:44,377
don't like 6,800 foot elevation.

816
00:44:45,639 --> 00:44:47,597
But we also learned
that sugar snap peas

817
00:44:47,641 --> 00:44:50,209
have become our little farm's

818
00:44:50,252 --> 00:44:51,601
favorite thing to grow.

819
00:44:54,430 --> 00:44:56,868
Our local community recognizes

820
00:44:56,911 --> 00:44:58,913
that each one of those pods

821
00:44:58,957 --> 00:45:02,177
is picked personally,
by these little fingers.

822
00:45:02,221 --> 00:45:04,963
And so, and his little fingers.

823
00:45:06,181 --> 00:45:09,097
- Yeah, just trying to
keep the body limber.

824
00:45:09,141 --> 00:45:11,796
We do a lot of
pea yoga out here.

825
00:45:11,839 --> 00:45:12,971
- Hang in there, back.

826
00:45:14,581 --> 00:45:16,844
And we now have the reputation

827
00:45:16,888 --> 00:45:18,498
of being the people who grow

828
00:45:18,541 --> 00:45:20,543
the best sugar snap
peas in Colorado.

829
00:45:23,851 --> 00:45:25,766
- It starts with
quality of life.

830
00:45:25,810 --> 00:45:26,854
That's the first thing.

831
00:45:26,898 --> 00:45:27,681
- That's the why.

832
00:45:27,725 --> 00:45:28,769
- That's the why.

833
00:45:28,813 --> 00:45:30,423
And then you say, okay,

834
00:45:30,466 --> 00:45:32,033
how are we gonna
create this lifestyle

835
00:45:32,077 --> 00:45:34,949
that we really,
really, really want?

836
00:45:34,993 --> 00:45:37,778
And then you say, okay, well
we could raise chickens.

837
00:45:45,960 --> 00:45:47,832
- I got involved
with the chickens

838
00:45:47,875 --> 00:45:51,661
mostly through indentured
servitude to my mom.

839
00:45:51,705 --> 00:45:54,316
So my mom started
the chicken business,

840
00:45:54,360 --> 00:45:56,188
probably 20 years ago now.

841
00:46:01,323 --> 00:46:04,500
Right now we just have
about 300 chickens

842
00:46:04,544 --> 00:46:06,372
that we have year round.

843
00:46:07,634 --> 00:46:09,070
Sorry.

844
00:46:09,114 --> 00:46:11,333
- Even though we each
have our own businesses,

845
00:46:11,377 --> 00:46:14,989
if there's anything that
impacts the land as a whole,

846
00:46:15,033 --> 00:46:17,426
then that has to go
before the whole family

847
00:46:17,470 --> 00:46:19,559
and be decided upon by everyone.

848
00:46:20,865 --> 00:46:25,260
- And this meeting
process is so wonderful

849
00:46:25,304 --> 00:46:29,003
as a way to give
everyone responsibility,

850
00:46:29,047 --> 00:46:31,136
because we looked around,
we said, look at our kids.

851
00:46:31,179 --> 00:46:33,703
They're all really
bright people.

852
00:46:33,747 --> 00:46:35,880
Why can't they just
go ahead and run it?

853
00:46:37,446 --> 00:46:39,622
- My parents for so many years

854
00:46:39,666 --> 00:46:42,408
felt that heavy decision-making.

855
00:46:42,451 --> 00:46:43,844
I think it was such a release

856
00:46:43,888 --> 00:46:46,716
that they could invite
their adult children

857
00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:49,197
to come and help
make those decisions.

858
00:46:50,372 --> 00:46:53,811
- We respect each
other's viewpoints,

859
00:46:53,854 --> 00:46:56,465
don't always agree,
but we respect them.

860
00:46:57,902 --> 00:46:59,904
- We work really hard on
communication around here.

861
00:47:01,383 --> 00:47:04,343
We live and work on a ranch
with five different families,

862
00:47:04,386 --> 00:47:07,781
and we all have
our own businesses.

863
00:47:07,825 --> 00:47:09,565
We have a restaurant that takes

864
00:47:09,609 --> 00:47:11,959
all of the food that we produce,

865
00:47:12,003 --> 00:47:15,006
and people can come
and enjoy a meal.

866
00:47:15,920 --> 00:47:17,965
- The restaurant is our baby.

867
00:47:18,009 --> 00:47:20,185
We were the last to return,

868
00:47:20,228 --> 00:47:24,450
and everybody had all
these amazing products.

869
00:47:24,493 --> 00:47:27,192
You know, my brother's cheese,
my sister's vegetables,

870
00:47:27,235 --> 00:47:29,107
that had such great flavor,

871
00:47:29,150 --> 00:47:31,761
because the soil has
been tended and loved,

872
00:47:31,805 --> 00:47:33,763
and my parents' beef.

873
00:47:33,807 --> 00:47:35,678
And we didn't know
what we were gonna do

874
00:47:35,722 --> 00:47:37,115
when we came back.

875
00:47:37,158 --> 00:47:39,160
We didn't have any agriculture-

876
00:47:39,204 --> 00:47:40,031
- Or restaurant.

877
00:47:40,074 --> 00:47:41,467
- Or restaurant background,

878
00:47:41,510 --> 00:47:43,730
but then we're like, oh
we need a restaurant here.

879
00:47:43,773 --> 00:47:45,123
And they're like, great.

880
00:47:45,166 --> 00:47:46,559
Go for it.

881
00:47:46,602 --> 00:47:48,493
This is the ciabatta roll
that they're gonna make

882
00:47:48,517 --> 00:47:50,041
in a better shape for me,

883
00:47:50,084 --> 00:47:52,304
but just tell me what you
think of the ratio with bread.

884
00:48:02,488 --> 00:48:03,488
- That's a beauty.

885
00:48:24,205 --> 00:48:27,295
- I was born and raised
in Newfoundland, Canada.

886
00:48:27,339 --> 00:48:29,384
All I ever wanted to
be was a fishermen.

887
00:48:31,517 --> 00:48:33,756
You know, they have the pride
of feeding their community,

888
00:48:33,780 --> 00:48:34,999
and feeding the country.

889
00:48:36,391 --> 00:48:38,567
I dropped out of high
school when I was 14,

890
00:48:38,611 --> 00:48:40,004
and headed out to sea,

891
00:48:40,047 --> 00:48:43,268
and I fished on the east
coast doing lobster, tuna.

892
00:48:43,311 --> 00:48:45,574
And then I headed to the
Bering Sea in Alaska,

893
00:48:45,618 --> 00:48:47,098
and fished cod and crab.

894
00:48:48,926 --> 00:48:51,276
But then the cod stocks crashed.

895
00:48:51,319 --> 00:48:53,626
In the 60s, 70s, and 80s,

896
00:48:53,669 --> 00:48:58,674
the harvestable northern
cod dropped 82%.

897
00:49:00,154 --> 00:49:02,350
- And it is amazing to see an
economy devastated overnight,

898
00:49:02,374 --> 00:49:04,767
because of ecological collapse.

899
00:49:05,768 --> 00:49:07,683
30,000 people laid off.

900
00:49:07,727 --> 00:49:09,642
Boats beached,
canneries emptied.

901
00:49:11,035 --> 00:49:12,210
And then the salmon farming

902
00:49:12,253 --> 00:49:13,994
was supposed to be
the great answer

903
00:49:14,038 --> 00:49:16,823
to overfishing, it's
gonna employ everybody.

904
00:49:16,866 --> 00:49:18,999
But instead it took
all of the bad things

905
00:49:19,043 --> 00:49:20,566
that were happening on land,

906
00:49:20,609 --> 00:49:21,871
and industrial agriculture,

907
00:49:21,915 --> 00:49:23,612
and moved them out into the sea.

908
00:49:24,526 --> 00:49:26,876
Using pesticides, antibiotics.

909
00:49:28,095 --> 00:49:30,010
You know, I was working
at the height of

910
00:49:30,054 --> 00:49:31,074
one of the most
destructive forms

911
00:49:31,098 --> 00:49:32,708
of food harvesting
on the planet,

912
00:49:32,752 --> 00:49:35,581
and producing some of the most
unhealthy food on the planet.

913
00:49:37,496 --> 00:49:39,933
And that's when you
begin realizing,

914
00:49:39,977 --> 00:49:42,022
if we don't protect the oceans,

915
00:49:42,066 --> 00:49:43,304
there aren't gonna be any jobs.

916
00:49:43,328 --> 00:49:45,373
There's no jobs, no
food on a dead planet.

917
00:49:48,942 --> 00:49:51,901
Over time, I picked myself up,

918
00:49:51,945 --> 00:49:53,991
and started trying to figure out

919
00:49:54,034 --> 00:49:56,863
what would it look like to do
agriculture under the ocean?

920
00:49:56,906 --> 00:49:59,561
And I started
diversifying the crops,

921
00:49:59,605 --> 00:50:02,521
growing both shellfish
and seaweeds together,

922
00:50:02,564 --> 00:50:05,872
in this sort of 3-D
underwater garden,

923
00:50:05,915 --> 00:50:08,788
for the kelp, oysters,
mussels, clams, and scallops.

924
00:50:10,137 --> 00:50:13,836
A lot of what we do is
really taking the lessons

925
00:50:13,880 --> 00:50:16,100
from regenerative
land-based agriculture,

926
00:50:16,143 --> 00:50:18,885
and bringing them
out into the ocean.

927
00:50:18,928 --> 00:50:21,409
Like year round growth
and polyculture.

928
00:50:22,367 --> 00:50:23,518
And so one of the things we do

929
00:50:23,542 --> 00:50:26,066
is just find a species
for each season.

930
00:50:27,415 --> 00:50:29,026
Kelp is a winter crop,

931
00:50:29,852 --> 00:50:30,852
so it's harvest season.

932
00:50:32,899 --> 00:50:34,727
This is when we're just
up lifting the kelp

933
00:50:34,770 --> 00:50:35,728
out of the water.

934
00:50:35,771 --> 00:50:37,382
Beautiful, huh?

935
00:50:37,425 --> 00:50:40,124
It's amazing to see these
walls of vegetables come out.

936
00:50:43,344 --> 00:50:44,824
Cut it there and
that's harvested.

937
00:50:47,087 --> 00:50:48,369
We're cutting it off,
put it in barrels,

938
00:50:48,393 --> 00:50:50,960
and then it was off
to the processor.

939
00:50:56,879 --> 00:51:00,274
This year we're drying
everything in old tobacco farms.

940
00:51:03,495 --> 00:51:05,758
- We're just trying to thin it.

941
00:51:05,801 --> 00:51:07,107
The outside will
dry very nicely,

942
00:51:07,151 --> 00:51:08,587
but then the inside
will kind of,

943
00:51:08,630 --> 00:51:10,371
the moisture will get locked in.

944
00:51:10,415 --> 00:51:12,286
So, when we're done
with separating it,

945
00:51:12,330 --> 00:51:14,680
it'll be just much more
likely to fully dry.

946
00:51:16,725 --> 00:51:20,599
- Kelp is this incredible
crop because it is delicious.

947
00:51:20,642 --> 00:51:22,296
Cook it up for about
30 seconds here.

948
00:51:22,340 --> 00:51:24,298
You can turn it into noodles,

949
00:51:24,342 --> 00:51:27,649
and plant-based burgers,
all sorts of things.

950
00:51:27,693 --> 00:51:29,347
And I can hand it to a chef,

951
00:51:29,390 --> 00:51:31,305
and they make
beautiful kelp cuisine.

952
00:51:33,133 --> 00:51:34,787
But it also is a climate crop,

953
00:51:34,830 --> 00:51:38,399
in that it soaks up
carbon, nitrogen,

954
00:51:38,443 --> 00:51:41,185
and it creates this
whole canopy underwater,

955
00:51:41,228 --> 00:51:43,926
where fish and different
organisms come and thrive.

956
00:51:48,192 --> 00:51:49,932
The way we seed
kelp is we go out

957
00:51:49,976 --> 00:51:52,718
and we get a couple blades
of kelp that's reproductive.

958
00:51:54,241 --> 00:51:56,025
We bring it back
to our hatchery,

959
00:51:56,069 --> 00:51:59,159
and we release those
spores into fish tanks,

960
00:52:00,726 --> 00:52:02,293
and in there is string,

961
00:52:02,336 --> 00:52:05,339
and the kelp's little
seed sticks to the string.

962
00:52:07,211 --> 00:52:08,212
Give me this one.

963
00:52:09,474 --> 00:52:12,085
And then we wrap it
around our ropes.

964
00:52:12,129 --> 00:52:14,261
There's a seed spool there.

965
00:52:14,305 --> 00:52:15,741
And it's that simple.

966
00:52:15,784 --> 00:52:18,091
The kelp then transfers from
the string to the ropes,

967
00:52:18,135 --> 00:52:19,571
and grows vertically downwards.

968
00:52:22,139 --> 00:52:23,618
And it grows incredibly fast,

969
00:52:23,662 --> 00:52:26,186
one of the fastest growing
plants on the earth.

970
00:52:28,623 --> 00:52:29,818
There are a couple
of reasons why

971
00:52:29,842 --> 00:52:32,323
regenerative ocean
farming is important now

972
00:52:32,366 --> 00:52:33,846
during the climate crisis.

973
00:52:33,889 --> 00:52:36,022
One is our crops capture

974
00:52:36,065 --> 00:52:38,764
a huge amount of
carbon and nitrogen.

975
00:52:38,807 --> 00:52:41,332
Think of them as the
sequoia of the sea.

976
00:52:41,375 --> 00:52:42,655
I think one journalist called it

977
00:52:42,681 --> 00:52:45,249
the culinary equivalent
of the electric car,

978
00:52:46,075 --> 00:52:48,295
and the impact is significant.

979
00:52:48,339 --> 00:52:49,403
According to the World Bank,

980
00:52:49,427 --> 00:52:51,559
if you farm 5% of US waters,

981
00:52:51,603 --> 00:52:55,389
you can sequester 135
million tons of carbon.

982
00:52:56,260 --> 00:52:57,739
All with zero inputs.

983
00:52:57,783 --> 00:53:00,220
That means no fresh water,
no fertilizer, no feed.

984
00:53:03,267 --> 00:53:06,095
A percentage of our crop goes
to fertilizer and compost.

985
00:53:06,139 --> 00:53:08,097
- The nutrients from the kelp

986
00:53:08,141 --> 00:53:10,361
will transfer over to the water.

987
00:53:10,404 --> 00:53:12,058
And then regenerative
land-based farmers

988
00:53:12,101 --> 00:53:13,407
put that into the soil.

989
00:53:16,018 --> 00:53:19,283
There are 1.5 billion
cattle on the planet.

990
00:53:19,326 --> 00:53:21,415
If we feed them a
small percentage

991
00:53:21,459 --> 00:53:23,548
of their feed in seaweeds,

992
00:53:23,591 --> 00:53:26,420
we can reduce their
methane output by 60%.

993
00:53:26,464 --> 00:53:29,728
And in sheep, we can
reduce it by 80%.

994
00:53:29,771 --> 00:53:31,817
And then we can
also take our kelp,

995
00:53:31,860 --> 00:53:35,734
and turn it into compostable
plastic alternatives,

996
00:53:35,777 --> 00:53:37,997
like straws, packaging.

997
00:53:39,390 --> 00:53:41,174
And that is stunning.

998
00:53:41,218 --> 00:53:43,176
Petroleum-based
plastics are the things

999
00:53:43,220 --> 00:53:45,222
that are just ruining
our oceans, right?

1000
00:53:46,266 --> 00:53:47,746
So here's this amazing loop,

1001
00:53:47,789 --> 00:53:49,269
where I'm growing the seaweed

1002
00:53:49,313 --> 00:53:51,140
it's being turned into plastics,

1003
00:53:51,184 --> 00:53:53,142
and the pollution stops.

1004
00:53:54,796 --> 00:53:57,146
But the most important
piece is that

1005
00:53:57,190 --> 00:54:00,149
it only takes 20,000
dollars to start a farm,

1006
00:54:00,193 --> 00:54:02,282
20 acres and a boat,
that's all you need.

1007
00:54:02,326 --> 00:54:05,329
And this is the secret
to fast replication,

1008
00:54:05,372 --> 00:54:07,548
minimal capital requirements.

1009
00:54:07,592 --> 00:54:10,464
And that just lets farms
sprout up all over the place.

1010
00:54:12,945 --> 00:54:16,078
Too much thinking stops
at the water's edge.

1011
00:54:17,732 --> 00:54:19,865
That's why our collaboration
with land-based farmers

1012
00:54:19,908 --> 00:54:22,563
is where all the possibility is.

1013
00:54:23,738 --> 00:54:26,088
It's not really about
seafood and fishing.

1014
00:54:26,132 --> 00:54:27,438
It's really about,

1015
00:54:27,481 --> 00:54:29,744
how do we think of
ourselves as farmers,

1016
00:54:29,788 --> 00:54:32,660
and weave these two
industries fully together?

1017
00:54:46,413 --> 00:54:48,850
- I own and run Harborview
Farms with my family.

1018
00:54:50,243 --> 00:54:53,507
We're typical, large-scale
corn, wheat, soybean producers,

1019
00:54:53,551 --> 00:54:55,640
but we have a strong
focus on sustainability.

1020
00:54:57,206 --> 00:54:58,817
We're on the larger side.

1021
00:54:58,860 --> 00:55:00,514
We're a little
over 10,000 acres,

1022
00:55:00,558 --> 00:55:02,734
scattered out over
about 45 miles.

1023
00:55:04,388 --> 00:55:05,669
One thing we've
looked at as a farm,

1024
00:55:05,693 --> 00:55:07,521
is how do we grow
corn and beans,

1025
00:55:07,565 --> 00:55:09,523
but not do it in a
conventional manner?

1026
00:55:10,742 --> 00:55:13,788
How do we add
diversity to the mix,

1027
00:55:13,832 --> 00:55:15,573
and still be able
to make a living?

1028
00:55:16,965 --> 00:55:18,489
20 years ago,

1029
00:55:18,532 --> 00:55:20,380
I was probably just getting
out of school, coming home.

1030
00:55:20,404 --> 00:55:22,797
The farm looked
very much the same.

1031
00:55:22,841 --> 00:55:24,408
We grew corn,
soybeans, and wheat,

1032
00:55:24,451 --> 00:55:26,584
so that part hasn't
changed at all.

1033
00:55:26,627 --> 00:55:29,064
A lot of it was
still being plowed.

1034
00:55:29,108 --> 00:55:32,024
We didn't do any cover crops,
we didn't believe in them.

1035
00:55:32,067 --> 00:55:34,766
So the fields that we planted
into were always brown.

1036
00:55:37,595 --> 00:55:40,119
So our farm's located right
on the Chesapeake Bay.

1037
00:55:41,294 --> 00:55:42,532
Living here, it's
very personal to me,

1038
00:55:42,556 --> 00:55:45,603
because my family and I,
we fish, we water ski,

1039
00:55:45,646 --> 00:55:47,387
we swim in the
rivers and the bays.

1040
00:55:49,215 --> 00:55:52,610
But years ago, we
had a huge fish kill,

1041
00:55:52,653 --> 00:55:54,438
that was caused
by a toxic algae.

1042
00:55:56,004 --> 00:55:59,225
They were blaming farmers for
all the pollutants in the Bay.

1043
00:55:59,268 --> 00:56:00,705
So there was a lot of animosity.

1044
00:56:02,228 --> 00:56:04,970
That wasn't my goal, to work
with the environmentalists.

1045
00:56:05,013 --> 00:56:06,885
I thought that was crazy.

1046
00:56:06,928 --> 00:56:08,863
But as I started working
with them, saw their passion,

1047
00:56:08,887 --> 00:56:11,890
saw their desire to
have cleaner water,

1048
00:56:11,933 --> 00:56:14,066
and wanting to be
part of that solution,

1049
00:56:14,109 --> 00:56:16,155
rather than part of the problem,

1050
00:56:16,198 --> 00:56:17,896
it really opened my mind up,

1051
00:56:17,939 --> 00:56:21,508
and convinced me that I needed
to change the way I farm.

1052
00:56:26,208 --> 00:56:28,907
So over the years
we've transitioned.

1053
00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:32,476
So now we plant these cover
crops as soon as we harvest.

1054
00:56:32,519 --> 00:56:34,303
So those plants
are always growing.

1055
00:56:35,609 --> 00:56:36,958
And then in April and May,

1056
00:56:37,002 --> 00:56:39,047
when we begin to
plant our cash crops,

1057
00:56:39,091 --> 00:56:40,658
the corn and the soybeans,

1058
00:56:40,701 --> 00:56:44,923
we plant directly into those
fields that are still green,

1059
00:56:44,966 --> 00:56:46,925
often have flowers.

1060
00:56:46,968 --> 00:56:47,968
They're pretty.

1061
00:56:49,144 --> 00:56:51,799
So you're going from this
completely brown field

1062
00:56:51,843 --> 00:56:53,235
that's been tilled,

1063
00:56:53,279 --> 00:56:57,979
to now planting into
what appears to be chaos,

1064
00:56:58,023 --> 00:57:00,591
you know, in stuff
up to my chest,

1065
00:57:00,634 --> 00:57:02,984
seven, eight, tons
of this green matter.

1066
00:57:05,857 --> 00:57:07,598
You still have your
mono crop in the summer,

1067
00:57:07,641 --> 00:57:09,469
which is your food production,

1068
00:57:09,513 --> 00:57:11,602
but all through the fall
and winter after harvest,

1069
00:57:11,645 --> 00:57:12,733
you build this diversity.

1070
00:57:12,777 --> 00:57:14,213
You get the diversity
of insects up,

1071
00:57:14,256 --> 00:57:16,302
you get the diversity
of microbes up,

1072
00:57:17,434 --> 00:57:19,914
and that gives us all
kinds of benefits.

1073
00:57:19,958 --> 00:57:21,263
See the corn coming up?

1074
00:57:21,307 --> 00:57:22,395
- No.

1075
00:57:22,439 --> 00:57:23,657
- You don't see it yet?

1076
00:57:23,701 --> 00:57:25,180
I talk to my kids about farming.

1077
00:57:25,224 --> 00:57:27,008
What do you think it is?

1078
00:57:27,052 --> 00:57:28,662
- I don't know.

1079
00:57:28,706 --> 00:57:30,379
- They're not exceptionally
passionate about it now.

1080
00:57:30,403 --> 00:57:31,317
Look at all the bugs.

1081
00:57:31,360 --> 00:57:32,884
You see 'em all?

1082
00:57:32,927 --> 00:57:34,102
There's a little spider.

1083
00:57:34,146 --> 00:57:35,645
But what we do talk
about is climate change.

1084
00:57:35,669 --> 00:57:37,932
We talk about solving the
problems of the world.

1085
00:57:37,976 --> 00:57:40,369
This one's purple
top turnip pods.

1086
00:57:41,327 --> 00:57:42,459
It tastes like turnips.

1087
00:57:44,678 --> 00:57:45,853
Tastes awful right now.

1088
00:57:48,029 --> 00:57:50,728
As the talk about
climate change grew,

1089
00:57:50,771 --> 00:57:52,817
we started to realize
that what we were doing

1090
00:57:52,860 --> 00:57:54,340
was sequestering carbon,

1091
00:57:54,383 --> 00:57:55,689
and putting it into our soils.

1092
00:57:57,038 --> 00:57:58,953
I got in touch with a company

1093
00:57:58,997 --> 00:58:01,826
that was trying to
start a carbon market

1094
00:58:01,869 --> 00:58:03,567
to solve climate change.

1095
00:58:03,610 --> 00:58:06,004
They found that
the best solution

1096
00:58:06,047 --> 00:58:09,703
was to get farmers to practice
regenerative agriculture.

1097
00:58:09,747 --> 00:58:11,705
The easiest way to get farmers

1098
00:58:11,749 --> 00:58:14,360
to change to this
style of farming

1099
00:58:14,403 --> 00:58:15,709
was through getting them paid.

1100
00:58:16,667 --> 00:58:18,190
So I jumped on board.

1101
00:58:19,365 --> 00:58:21,672
We sent all the data
from our fields,

1102
00:58:21,715 --> 00:58:24,152
harvest dates, lack of tillage,

1103
00:58:24,196 --> 00:58:26,415
nutrients, all these
different things.

1104
00:58:26,459 --> 00:58:27,982
And then it spits
out how much carbon

1105
00:58:28,026 --> 00:58:30,028
we would have
sequestered this year.

1106
00:58:30,071 --> 00:58:31,832
This is some of the fun
stuff we're getting into.

1107
00:58:31,856 --> 00:58:34,772
Got the rapeseed
flowers, radish.

1108
00:58:34,815 --> 00:58:36,861
Last year, we made
over 100,000 dollars

1109
00:58:36,904 --> 00:58:38,340
selling carbon credits.

1110
00:58:38,384 --> 00:58:39,559
Obviously barley.

1111
00:58:39,603 --> 00:58:40,560
With margins as
tight as they are,

1112
00:58:40,604 --> 00:58:41,779
that's a lot of money.

1113
00:58:41,822 --> 00:58:43,258
I'm not sure what
the purple one is.

1114
00:58:45,043 --> 00:58:47,698
- This whole idea that the
environment and the economy

1115
00:58:47,741 --> 00:58:50,135
are at odds, is not true.

1116
00:58:50,178 --> 00:58:52,311
If you look through all
the scientific literature

1117
00:58:52,354 --> 00:58:53,486
it doesn't stack up.

1118
00:58:55,009 --> 00:58:57,621
It's when we work with the
environment, and the economy,

1119
00:58:57,664 --> 00:59:00,101
that actually now we're
really making some money.

1120
00:59:02,800 --> 00:59:05,454
- At Indigo, our goal
is to help farmers

1121
00:59:05,498 --> 00:59:08,240
be more profitable, and
produce healthier food.

1122
00:59:10,503 --> 00:59:14,289
It seems reasonable that
if we're gonna ask farmers

1123
00:59:14,333 --> 00:59:16,553
to perform this societal benefit

1124
00:59:16,596 --> 00:59:18,400
of pulling carbon dioxide
out of the atmosphere,

1125
00:59:18,424 --> 00:59:20,121
we should be willing
to pay them to do so.

1126
00:59:20,165 --> 00:59:22,167
- This is probably
around 30 days.

1127
00:59:22,210 --> 00:59:26,606
- But carbon credit represents
one ton carbon of dioxide

1128
00:59:26,650 --> 00:59:29,522
that has either
not been emitted,

1129
00:59:29,566 --> 00:59:31,393
or has been sequestered.

1130
00:59:32,525 --> 00:59:35,484
So farmers represent
the supply side of this.

1131
00:59:35,528 --> 00:59:37,617
They create the carbon credits

1132
00:59:37,661 --> 00:59:39,793
by storing carbon in the ground.

1133
00:59:39,837 --> 00:59:42,317
Companies create
demand for those.

1134
00:59:43,667 --> 00:59:46,626
- There's a lot of industries,
including parts of mine,

1135
00:59:46,670 --> 00:59:48,410
where you have to
burn fossil fuels,

1136
00:59:48,454 --> 00:59:51,065
in order to survive,

1137
00:59:51,109 --> 00:59:52,632
like an airline.

1138
00:59:52,676 --> 00:59:55,809
To run the airplanes pretty
much you have to burn jet fuel.

1139
00:59:55,853 --> 00:59:58,682
So I think that in time we
can improve the way we farm.

1140
00:59:58,725 --> 01:00:00,814
I can start to
sequester more carbon,

1141
01:00:00,858 --> 01:00:02,599
and that may be an
offset for someone else

1142
01:00:02,642 --> 01:00:04,949
that's forced to burn it in
order to run their businesses.

1143
01:00:06,733 --> 01:00:08,605
- Emissions reductions
are necessary

1144
01:00:08,648 --> 01:00:10,389
for a long-term solution,

1145
01:00:10,432 --> 01:00:12,173
but it's not sufficient,

1146
01:00:12,217 --> 01:00:14,393
because we also have
to undo the damage

1147
01:00:14,436 --> 01:00:15,655
that we've already done.

1148
01:00:16,874 --> 01:00:19,485
Today, as we realize the
urgency of the problem,

1149
01:00:19,528 --> 01:00:21,095
we just need to do everything,

1150
01:00:22,662 --> 01:00:24,011
but changing agriculture,

1151
01:00:24,055 --> 01:00:26,840
arguably the most important
industry in the world,

1152
01:00:26,884 --> 01:00:30,627
is a really important component
in fixing our problems.

1153
01:00:42,029 --> 01:00:43,378
Not everybody we talk to

1154
01:00:43,422 --> 01:00:46,164
believes in human-caused
climate change,

1155
01:00:46,207 --> 01:00:48,296
and we find that's
not necessary.

1156
01:00:49,689 --> 01:00:51,648
Farmers may speak a
different language,

1157
01:00:51,691 --> 01:00:54,999
but they're the most
sustainability-focused
people I know.

1158
01:00:56,261 --> 01:00:58,785
And so the fact that
more carbon in the soil,

1159
01:00:58,829 --> 01:00:59,960
means healthier soil,

1160
01:01:00,004 --> 01:01:02,963
and that means increased
value on the farm.

1161
01:01:03,007 --> 01:01:04,878
That's something we
can all talk about.

1162
01:01:12,886 --> 01:01:14,148
- Over the last decade,

1163
01:01:14,192 --> 01:01:17,195
we've realized just how
important the management

1164
01:01:17,238 --> 01:01:22,113
of agriculture and fresh water
is to our overall mission.

1165
01:01:23,462 --> 01:01:25,092
The use of water is
increasing around the world.

1166
01:01:25,116 --> 01:01:28,293
Agriculture is the largest use
of fresh water in the world.

1167
01:01:29,511 --> 01:01:30,750
We're now looking
at several parts

1168
01:01:30,774 --> 01:01:33,037
of east Africa and
southern Africa,

1169
01:01:33,080 --> 01:01:35,953
working to establish
water funds.

1170
01:01:35,996 --> 01:01:37,955
We work with a city

1171
01:01:37,998 --> 01:01:40,697
to raise funds to go upstream,

1172
01:01:40,740 --> 01:01:43,134
where the source
water is impaired.

1173
01:01:44,222 --> 01:01:46,572
Whether it's from pollution,

1174
01:01:46,615 --> 01:01:47,965
or overuse of the water,

1175
01:01:49,923 --> 01:01:52,709
we found the return on
investment is better

1176
01:01:52,752 --> 01:01:54,928
when we put those
dollars upstream

1177
01:01:54,972 --> 01:01:56,495
and let nature do the work.

1178
01:02:09,377 --> 01:02:11,205
- This is my farm.

1179
01:02:11,249 --> 01:02:13,817
I live here with my husband.

1180
01:02:16,167 --> 01:02:18,822
I have a few livestock,

1181
01:02:20,258 --> 01:02:21,955
two cows which I milk.

1182
01:02:23,740 --> 01:02:26,525
I have goats, chickens.

1183
01:02:30,834 --> 01:02:34,402
In my shamba,
which is not very big,

1184
01:02:35,273 --> 01:02:36,578
it's just an acre,

1185
01:02:38,058 --> 01:02:42,106
I planted some bananas,
some green vegetables.

1186
01:02:47,372 --> 01:02:48,895
I do the crop rotation.

1187
01:02:51,855 --> 01:02:55,162
They came along to
teaching the farmers,

1188
01:02:55,206 --> 01:02:58,600
and I started developing
this mixed farming.

1189
01:03:01,690 --> 01:03:03,301
- The Nature Conservancy

1190
01:03:03,344 --> 01:03:05,651
work with farmers in Upper Tana,

1191
01:03:05,694 --> 01:03:08,045
on how they can practice
sustainable agriculture.

1192
01:03:09,698 --> 01:03:13,920
Upper Tana River is one of
the largest rivers in Kenya.

1193
01:03:15,400 --> 01:03:19,491
This river supplies 95% of
the water to Nairobi City.

1194
01:03:20,884 --> 01:03:23,974
Nairobi has a population of
over five million Kenyans.

1195
01:03:25,845 --> 01:03:28,848
They've been able to
conserve this river,

1196
01:03:30,197 --> 01:03:32,634
helping the farmers improve
on rainwater storage

1197
01:03:34,071 --> 01:03:36,247
and minimize pumping of
the water from the river.

1198
01:03:41,469 --> 01:03:44,255
- The Water Fund
targets every farm

1199
01:03:44,298 --> 01:03:47,562
that needs to make
some improvement to
reduce soil erosion.

1200
01:03:48,737 --> 01:03:51,392
And our target is to
reach 50,000 farmers.

1201
01:03:54,918 --> 01:03:58,269
- This one is needier.
- It's the large one.

1202
01:03:58,312 --> 01:04:00,445
We were able
to design some nice, simple,

1203
01:04:00,488 --> 01:04:02,708
rainwater harvesting pans

1204
01:04:02,751 --> 01:04:04,884
that each farmer would have.

1205
01:04:04,928 --> 01:04:08,148
- The farm has a lot
of water from the roof.

1206
01:04:08,192 --> 01:04:10,716
So I collected the
water from the roof

1207
01:04:10,759 --> 01:04:13,588
and put them in some water pans.

1208
01:04:13,632 --> 01:04:14,894
So I use that to water.

1209
01:04:14,938 --> 01:04:17,027
- And whenever they
need water to irrigate

1210
01:04:17,070 --> 01:04:19,159
they would use the
water in this pan

1211
01:04:19,203 --> 01:04:20,813
to irrigate the crops.

1212
01:04:20,857 --> 01:04:22,467
- Is this another water pan?

1213
01:04:22,510 --> 01:04:24,382
- I'm not very near the river,

1214
01:04:24,425 --> 01:04:27,211
would not survive
without the rain.

1215
01:04:27,254 --> 01:04:30,692
So the water pans, they
have helped me a lot.

1216
01:04:30,736 --> 01:04:34,044
Before, you could just plant
it and then you see it whither.

1217
01:04:35,306 --> 01:04:39,484
- Now, Grace is able to
do different field crops.

1218
01:04:39,527 --> 01:04:42,922
- We have planted, all this
Napier grass, all over.

1219
01:04:42,966 --> 01:04:45,533
- So she's able to
feed her livestock

1220
01:04:45,577 --> 01:04:47,971
from these cover crops
and at the same time

1221
01:04:48,014 --> 01:04:50,060
control soil erosion
within her farm.

1222
01:04:55,456 --> 01:04:58,198
- What used to happen, is
that all the water raining,

1223
01:04:58,242 --> 01:04:59,939
most of it would just wash off.

1224
01:05:01,462 --> 01:05:03,029
And we used to have big floods.

1225
01:05:04,422 --> 01:05:06,032
There was a lot of landslides.

1226
01:05:07,816 --> 01:05:11,516
But with more people doing
conservation in their farms,

1227
01:05:11,559 --> 01:05:13,605
the water doesn't just run off.

1228
01:05:13,648 --> 01:05:15,346
There's much more infiltration.

1229
01:05:16,303 --> 01:05:17,957
- You can see these trees,

1230
01:05:18,001 --> 01:05:20,568
the water has really helped us.

1231
01:05:20,612 --> 01:05:22,614
- Very healthy crop there.

1232
01:05:22,657 --> 01:05:24,964
- We're planting
millions of trees

1233
01:05:25,008 --> 01:05:27,010
in the river riparian areas.

1234
01:05:27,053 --> 01:05:29,969
Avocado, macadamia,
and other trees

1235
01:05:30,013 --> 01:05:31,753
ensuring that there
isn't too much

1236
01:05:31,797 --> 01:05:34,017
run off when it's raining.

1237
01:05:34,060 --> 01:05:36,497
So we're seeing much
more water flowing.

1238
01:05:36,541 --> 01:05:39,196
That means there's more water
flowing to the city every day.

1239
01:05:41,415 --> 01:05:44,114
So what we're seeing in
the city of Nairobi now,

1240
01:05:45,071 --> 01:05:46,899
they we're getting
good quality water

1241
01:05:46,943 --> 01:05:48,553
all through the rainy season.

1242
01:05:48,596 --> 01:05:51,295
And when it is not raining,
they're getting much more.

1243
01:05:53,384 --> 01:05:56,996
Some of the people actually
never got water in their taps.

1244
01:05:57,040 --> 01:05:58,365
And they were having
to rely on water

1245
01:05:58,389 --> 01:06:00,130
that is ferried with jerrycans.

1246
01:06:01,261 --> 01:06:04,003
The price of buying
water from jerrycans

1247
01:06:04,047 --> 01:06:06,397
is 20 times more than
it would have been

1248
01:06:06,440 --> 01:06:08,486
if you had water from
the city water company.

1249
01:06:09,661 --> 01:06:11,968
Now, many households
are able to get water

1250
01:06:12,011 --> 01:06:13,534
direct from their taps.

1251
01:06:15,884 --> 01:06:17,234
And they can have a clean house,

1252
01:06:17,277 --> 01:06:19,192
they can have a
bath and be fresh

1253
01:06:19,236 --> 01:06:21,151
and they can bathe
their children.

1254
01:06:24,197 --> 01:06:27,722
Seven years ago, some
big companies in Nairobi

1255
01:06:27,766 --> 01:06:30,029
were projecting
that within 10 years

1256
01:06:30,073 --> 01:06:31,639
they would actually
leave Nairobi

1257
01:06:31,683 --> 01:06:33,946
just because they are
too much water dependent

1258
01:06:33,990 --> 01:06:37,036
and the amount of water
supply was going down.

1259
01:06:37,080 --> 01:06:39,082
So it's interesting to
see that within five years

1260
01:06:39,125 --> 01:06:40,953
after developing the Water Fund

1261
01:06:40,997 --> 01:06:43,564
and they're now getting much
more stable supply of water,

1262
01:06:43,608 --> 01:06:46,828
they are no longer thinking
about moving out of the city.

1263
01:06:46,872 --> 01:06:49,875
It's good for jobs, and is
good for Kenyan economy.

1264
01:06:53,096 --> 01:06:55,794
And that water is only
being made possible

1265
01:06:55,837 --> 01:06:58,666
by the conservation effort
happening in the watershed.

1266
01:07:04,498 --> 01:07:07,501
- From the time I started
saving that water,

1267
01:07:07,545 --> 01:07:09,634
my soil has improved.

1268
01:07:09,677 --> 01:07:13,507
Bananas, I used to harvest
very few and smaller ones.

1269
01:07:13,551 --> 01:07:16,336
These days I harvest
these big ones,

1270
01:07:16,380 --> 01:07:18,947
which help me to get
something in my pocket.

1271
01:07:25,563 --> 01:07:29,262
I'm always having food
to feed my family.

1272
01:07:29,306 --> 01:07:31,482
And at the same time, I sell.

1273
01:07:33,310 --> 01:07:35,181
And we're
seeing many, many farmers

1274
01:07:35,225 --> 01:07:37,270
who are now getting
much more income.

1275
01:07:38,402 --> 01:07:41,057
And we've seen that
transform people's lives.

1276
01:07:43,450 --> 01:07:46,236
- We're all sharing
the same atmosphere.

1277
01:07:46,279 --> 01:07:47,541
We all have an equal interest

1278
01:07:47,585 --> 01:07:49,717
in pulling carbon out
of the atmosphere,

1279
01:07:49,761 --> 01:07:52,981
and it doesn't really matter
where it's pulled out of.

1280
01:07:53,025 --> 01:07:55,462
About 70% of the
calories in the world

1281
01:07:55,506 --> 01:07:57,899
are created by
small holder farmers

1282
01:07:57,943 --> 01:08:01,381
who are growing food
primarily for their families.

1283
01:08:01,425 --> 01:08:03,427
But those farmers
are equally capable

1284
01:08:03,470 --> 01:08:06,865
in participating in
carbon sequestration.

1285
01:08:06,908 --> 01:08:09,563
It may actually represent

1286
01:08:09,607 --> 01:08:11,870
the most interesting cash crop

1287
01:08:11,913 --> 01:08:13,828
for a small holder farmer.

1288
01:08:13,872 --> 01:08:15,656
And so that represents

1289
01:08:15,700 --> 01:08:17,876
a significant potential
around the world.

1290
01:08:40,116 --> 01:08:41,943
- What I love about
this place is we are

1291
01:08:41,987 --> 01:08:45,033
in the greater Yellowstone area,

1292
01:08:45,077 --> 01:08:47,732
is the second most
bio-diverse grassland,

1293
01:08:47,775 --> 01:08:49,603
after the Serengeti,
in the world.

1294
01:08:51,518 --> 01:08:53,738
So we have 30 to
40 grizzly bears

1295
01:08:53,781 --> 01:08:56,175
that will actually come
through this property.

1296
01:08:56,958 --> 01:08:58,351
There are packs of wolves.

1297
01:08:58,395 --> 01:09:00,484
We have antelope and elk.

1298
01:09:00,527 --> 01:09:02,201
I mean, you look around
and the diversity here

1299
01:09:02,225 --> 01:09:03,835
is just extraordinary,

1300
01:09:05,576 --> 01:09:07,404
and that is being fostered

1301
01:09:07,447 --> 01:09:10,407
by good management practices
by ranchers out here

1302
01:09:10,450 --> 01:09:12,191
that really are committed to,

1303
01:09:12,235 --> 01:09:13,758
how do we work with landscapes?

1304
01:09:13,801 --> 01:09:17,327
And how do we work with animals,
including your wildlife?

1305
01:09:19,720 --> 01:09:21,418
See how how tight that is?

1306
01:09:21,461 --> 01:09:23,550
That's what the caraway
is trying to open up.

1307
01:09:24,856 --> 01:09:25,900
- So this is the caraway.

1308
01:09:25,944 --> 01:09:27,424
- The bears eat this.

1309
01:09:27,467 --> 01:09:28,816
- So he ate that down, right?

1310
01:09:28,860 --> 01:09:30,557
- He ate it down.

1311
01:09:30,601 --> 01:09:33,560
So the bears come out at
specific times of the year?

1312
01:09:33,604 --> 01:09:36,955
- Yep, they come out in
mid-August to mid-September.

1313
01:09:38,348 --> 01:09:40,437
I grew up
conventionally ranching.

1314
01:09:40,480 --> 01:09:41,916
We had a cow calf operation.

1315
01:09:41,960 --> 01:09:43,353
We ran sheep.

1316
01:09:43,396 --> 01:09:44,397
We had horses.

1317
01:09:48,053 --> 01:09:53,189
My family's ranch, historically,
it was my grandparents'.

1318
01:09:53,232 --> 01:09:54,668
My dad has four brothers,

1319
01:09:54,712 --> 01:09:57,323
so there's a lot of masculine
energy on this ranch.

1320
01:09:58,455 --> 01:10:00,544
But over the years,
it's shifted.

1321
01:10:00,587 --> 01:10:02,676
And here I am now
with my husband

1322
01:10:02,720 --> 01:10:05,984
and our two little
girls, helping manage it.

1323
01:10:10,554 --> 01:10:12,947
Because of the changes
in the ecosystem,

1324
01:10:12,991 --> 01:10:15,385
and the grizzly bears
came down further,

1325
01:10:15,428 --> 01:10:17,343
we were having challenges
with our cattle.

1326
01:10:19,867 --> 01:10:22,696
We worked with Nicole
for the last few years.

1327
01:10:22,740 --> 01:10:24,002
She's helped us tremendously

1328
01:10:24,045 --> 01:10:26,352
with information
on the landscape.

1329
01:10:26,396 --> 01:10:28,136
Now we're looking
at what it means

1330
01:10:28,180 --> 01:10:30,095
that the caraway has
come into the soil,

1331
01:10:30,138 --> 01:10:31,662
and why the bears are here,

1332
01:10:31,705 --> 01:10:34,360
so that we can keep the
conflict at a minimum,

1333
01:10:34,404 --> 01:10:35,883
so that we can all enjoy it.

1334
01:10:37,320 --> 01:10:39,757
- The cattle are actually
safer in a lot of ways,

1335
01:10:39,800 --> 01:10:43,064
because there's this really,
really rich food source.

1336
01:10:43,108 --> 01:10:46,372
Now the bears can eat this,
and then go and hibernate,

1337
01:10:46,416 --> 01:10:49,419
instead of eating your
cows to hibernate.

1338
01:10:49,462 --> 01:10:51,247
- Yeah, exactly.

1339
01:10:54,641 --> 01:10:56,687
One of the things that
we are experimenting with

1340
01:10:56,730 --> 01:10:59,255
on the ranch right now is
our range riding program.

1341
01:11:00,908 --> 01:11:04,172
People out there who are very
good horsewomen and horsemen,

1342
01:11:05,522 --> 01:11:08,264
you know, if you have vulnerable
cattle that are scattered,

1343
01:11:08,307 --> 01:11:11,179
the horse and the rider
are coming up on the edges,

1344
01:11:11,223 --> 01:11:14,313
making it part of the cattle's
choice to come together.

1345
01:11:15,575 --> 01:11:17,015
And then we just
sit there for awhile

1346
01:11:17,055 --> 01:11:19,536
so that then they take it
on as their own behavior.

1347
01:11:20,972 --> 01:11:23,583
- Animals actually moving
together as a unit,

1348
01:11:23,627 --> 01:11:26,020
is not just predator protection,

1349
01:11:26,064 --> 01:11:27,935
you're really getting
this massaging process.

1350
01:11:27,979 --> 01:11:30,286
You're really getting
those soils enlivened up,

1351
01:11:30,329 --> 01:11:32,940
and we're building that
structure through that process.

1352
01:11:32,984 --> 01:11:35,508
I mean, it's how
grasslands evolved.

1353
01:11:36,553 --> 01:11:38,729
We need to have livestock
with grasslands.

1354
01:11:38,772 --> 01:11:41,297
You can't have a grassland
without livestock.

1355
01:11:44,952 --> 01:11:47,215
One of our strengths as ranchers

1356
01:11:47,259 --> 01:11:51,568
is that we can share
our discoveries.

1357
01:11:51,611 --> 01:11:53,700
- The other day we
were at the ranch,

1358
01:11:53,744 --> 01:11:57,400
and we found a bunch of worms.

1359
01:11:57,443 --> 01:12:00,664
I'd never seen them
like that, never.

1360
01:12:00,707 --> 01:12:03,797
That means that we're
improving the land a lot.

1361
01:12:05,843 --> 01:12:08,193
- One of the most
important indicators

1362
01:12:08,236 --> 01:12:10,369
of the health of
your grasslands,

1363
01:12:10,413 --> 01:12:12,676
is the diversity
of your wildlife.

1364
01:12:40,051 --> 01:12:42,401
The day we decided
to work with nature,

1365
01:12:42,445 --> 01:12:45,361
I would say it in just
one word, abundance.

1366
01:12:47,841 --> 01:12:51,845
We were excited this year
to find the golden eagle,

1367
01:12:51,889 --> 01:12:54,718
because the golden eagle
represents top of the chain.

1368
01:12:56,110 --> 01:12:59,287
You have this pristine
free-of-toxins environment.

1369
01:13:02,769 --> 01:13:05,859
For me, holistic management
was the perfect fit,

1370
01:13:05,903 --> 01:13:08,427
to do the cattle ranching
business that I love,

1371
01:13:08,471 --> 01:13:10,429
and also to protect and to grow

1372
01:13:10,473 --> 01:13:12,518
this wildlife that
I really love.

1373
01:13:35,367 --> 01:13:36,760
- The Savory Institute,

1374
01:13:36,803 --> 01:13:41,417
we have currently around
50 hubs in all continents.

1375
01:13:41,460 --> 01:13:43,462
It's very exciting.

1376
01:13:43,506 --> 01:13:46,422
We believe that by
influencing the management,

1377
01:13:46,465 --> 01:13:48,075
little by little,

1378
01:13:48,119 --> 01:13:52,036
the new emergent
science points to

1379
01:13:52,079 --> 01:13:56,475
an increasing carbon
sequestration in
grassland soils.

1380
01:13:56,519 --> 01:13:58,912
But it's not just the carbon,
it's your healing land,

1381
01:13:58,956 --> 01:14:01,828
you're supporting more
biological diversity,
more wildlife.

1382
01:14:03,569 --> 01:14:04,744
- In the Mara,

1383
01:14:04,788 --> 01:14:07,486
we are already seeing
the fruits of it.

1384
01:14:07,530 --> 01:14:08,792
Because our cows are healthy,

1385
01:14:08,835 --> 01:14:11,969
and we have grass
throughout the year.

1386
01:14:12,012 --> 01:14:13,927
We started with 357 cows,

1387
01:14:13,971 --> 01:14:15,276
and now we headed to 700 cows.

1388
01:14:18,062 --> 01:14:21,413
- Enonkishu Conservancy
has been a very good model.

1389
01:14:21,457 --> 01:14:23,459
We have around 16
conservancies in Mara.

1390
01:14:24,460 --> 01:14:25,809
Most the conservancies

1391
01:14:25,852 --> 01:14:27,412
are really interested
with our approach.

1392
01:14:28,986 --> 01:14:31,771
- I come from Lemek Conservancy,

1393
01:14:31,815 --> 01:14:33,643
which is a nearby
bigger conservancy.

1394
01:14:35,209 --> 01:14:37,168
The Lemek members
have been going

1395
01:14:37,211 --> 01:14:40,345
to the Mara Training
Center to get training,

1396
01:14:40,388 --> 01:14:43,740
on how to implement the
holistic management.

1397
01:14:43,783 --> 01:14:45,481
- And we sit down
with the herders.

1398
01:14:46,786 --> 01:14:48,658
Well you can just teach
even under the tree.

1399
01:14:53,489 --> 01:14:54,577
You just go step by step

1400
01:14:54,620 --> 01:14:56,579
on how to do the
planned grazing.

1401
01:15:00,800 --> 01:15:04,282
Now they are doing the
block grazing plan.

1402
01:15:07,677 --> 01:15:09,505
So we had a very
fruitful lesson.

1403
01:15:11,463 --> 01:15:12,595
They really like it.

1404
01:15:12,638 --> 01:15:13,813
Thank you very much.

1405
01:15:13,857 --> 01:15:16,990
And I have trained
around 700 landowners

1406
01:15:17,034 --> 01:15:19,384
and around 300 herders as well.

1407
01:15:20,603 --> 01:15:22,996
The people understand
it's not about

1408
01:15:23,040 --> 01:15:24,737
the number of animals.

1409
01:15:24,781 --> 01:15:25,825
It's not about the land.

1410
01:15:25,869 --> 01:15:27,348
It's not about climate change.

1411
01:15:27,392 --> 01:15:30,961
It is about how management
is being done on the land.

1412
01:15:35,748 --> 01:15:38,751
The numbers of the wildlife is
increasing on a daily basis.

1413
01:15:39,883 --> 01:15:41,711
What they have come
to prove is that

1414
01:15:41,754 --> 01:15:43,669
wildlife and livestock
can graze together

1415
01:15:43,713 --> 01:15:44,757
without any problems.

1416
01:15:47,673 --> 01:15:50,981
In two days' time,
Lemek Conservancy

1417
01:15:51,024 --> 01:15:54,506
will start their holistic
grass management plan,

1418
01:15:54,550 --> 01:15:58,510
by allowing 1,000
or so number of cows

1419
01:15:58,554 --> 01:16:01,600
to come in to graze
in the conservancy.

1420
01:16:01,644 --> 01:16:03,733
This gives the Mara
a bright future.

1421
01:16:15,571 --> 01:16:18,617
- The way climate
change has been framed,

1422
01:16:18,661 --> 01:16:21,577
is that it's a
problem of emissions,

1423
01:16:21,620 --> 01:16:25,232
and the ordinary person
has nothing to do there.

1424
01:16:25,276 --> 01:16:28,758
It's always been kind of
leave it to the experts,

1425
01:16:28,801 --> 01:16:33,763
and that has left
people feeling helpless,

1426
01:16:34,851 --> 01:16:36,504
and kind of tuned out.

1427
01:16:38,158 --> 01:16:42,206
How do we encourage
people to shift

1428
01:16:42,249 --> 01:16:45,601
not only how they do things,
but how they see things.

1429
01:16:50,040 --> 01:16:52,651
The very first thing is to know

1430
01:16:52,695 --> 01:16:55,915
that healing
ecosystems is possible.

1431
01:16:57,090 --> 01:17:01,791
Your backyard, your
lawn, is an ecosystem.

1432
01:17:01,834 --> 01:17:05,664
Just imagine if
everybody who has a lawn,

1433
01:17:05,708 --> 01:17:07,753
took a little piece of that,

1434
01:17:07,797 --> 01:17:10,800
and grew some
vegetables and herbs.

1435
01:17:10,843 --> 01:17:13,977
Wow, the artichoke
looks more artichokey.

1436
01:17:15,065 --> 01:17:18,329
Then you get your
connection to the land,

1437
01:17:18,372 --> 01:17:21,158
and you're actually
relating to all land

1438
01:17:21,201 --> 01:17:24,204
in a different way, because
you see it differently.

1439
01:17:26,772 --> 01:17:31,647
What it really is about, is
how people feel connected.

1440
01:17:37,304 --> 01:17:41,831
- Green Cover Seed, it started
out with just our kids,

1441
01:17:41,874 --> 01:17:44,485
but as we grew that business,

1442
01:17:44,529 --> 01:17:45,835
eventually we ran out of kids.

1443
01:17:47,184 --> 01:17:50,056
Then we had to start
bringing in outside people.

1444
01:17:51,710 --> 01:17:52,972
The blessing with that is,

1445
01:17:53,016 --> 01:17:56,933
we're able to support
close to 30 families,

1446
01:17:56,976 --> 01:17:58,301
- With the rate that
we're going right now,

1447
01:17:58,325 --> 01:18:00,110
we'll probably cover
a million acres

1448
01:18:00,153 --> 01:18:01,807
with the cover
crops that we sell.

1449
01:18:03,026 --> 01:18:04,592
I think our customer list now

1450
01:18:04,636 --> 01:18:09,032
is 11,000 different
customers in all 50 States.

1451
01:18:10,337 --> 01:18:11,687
- I'll be quality control.

1452
01:18:15,473 --> 01:18:16,473
A lot of corn.

1453
01:18:18,824 --> 01:18:20,739
- We want to help
farmers and ranchers

1454
01:18:20,783 --> 01:18:24,482
regenerate God's creation,
specifically the soil,

1455
01:18:25,831 --> 01:18:28,138
but we also look at
that as people as well.

1456
01:18:31,794 --> 01:18:33,186
One of the reasons
the average age

1457
01:18:33,230 --> 01:18:36,059
of the American farmer is
older than it should be,

1458
01:18:36,102 --> 01:18:37,756
is because there
were a lot of kids

1459
01:18:37,800 --> 01:18:40,454
that were discouraged at
coming back to the farm,

1460
01:18:40,498 --> 01:18:42,848
because it was tough
to make a go of it.

1461
01:18:44,415 --> 01:18:46,809
And we have customers
all the time that say,

1462
01:18:46,852 --> 01:18:48,506
boy, doing this type of farming,

1463
01:18:48,549 --> 01:18:50,073
it's just made it fun again.

1464
01:18:51,117 --> 01:18:52,640
- What do you think, Boscer?

1465
01:18:52,684 --> 01:18:54,904
- Not only are you producing
something that's healthier,

1466
01:18:56,383 --> 01:19:00,518
but I can see now that I'm
building my soils back up,

1467
01:19:00,561 --> 01:19:02,302
and there's something
just really freeing

1468
01:19:02,346 --> 01:19:05,915
about knowing I'm building
something for the future.

1469
01:19:13,836 --> 01:19:16,577
- Now what's the best
thing we can do, Bug?

1470
01:19:16,621 --> 01:19:18,362
- Push them forward?

1471
01:19:18,405 --> 01:19:19,405
- Wait.

1472
01:19:38,034 --> 01:19:39,949
All right, put
your fence up, Bug.

1473
01:19:41,777 --> 01:19:44,344
We're into our third
year of earnestly

1474
01:19:44,388 --> 01:19:47,434
doing everything
we wanted to do.

1475
01:19:47,478 --> 01:19:49,610
I can't imagine doing
anything different.

1476
01:19:50,960 --> 01:19:53,005
- It's what you've always
wanted to do, Peter.

1477
01:19:53,049 --> 01:19:56,748
And I'm watching these two,
too, and how they're growing up.

1478
01:19:56,792 --> 01:19:58,228
Maloi, with her coloring book.

1479
01:19:58,271 --> 01:20:01,274
And that's pretty neat
for 12 year old girl,

1480
01:20:01,318 --> 01:20:04,625
to have her own ISBN number.

1481
01:20:05,975 --> 01:20:08,064
- My coloring book is
called, Don't Call It Dirt.

1482
01:20:09,413 --> 01:20:12,503
Barney McQuack, he's
telling all the little kids

1483
01:20:12,546 --> 01:20:14,853
the story of
regenerative agriculture.

1484
01:20:14,897 --> 01:20:17,073
This page is
specifically about how

1485
01:20:17,116 --> 01:20:20,076
I'm the fifth generation
of our ranching.

1486
01:20:21,251 --> 01:20:23,340
This is about the healthy grass.

1487
01:20:23,383 --> 01:20:25,211
There's a quote from Gabe Brown,

1488
01:20:25,255 --> 01:20:27,779
"Nature does not function
without animals."

1489
01:20:27,823 --> 01:20:32,218
I started out with a 4-H
project in Veterinarian Science.

1490
01:20:32,262 --> 01:20:35,265
They said, the way you graze
and the way you do things,

1491
01:20:35,308 --> 01:20:38,094
doesn't have to really do
with the animals' health.

1492
01:20:38,137 --> 01:20:41,662
I was like, I'm gonna
prove them wrong, so,

1493
01:20:41,706 --> 01:20:44,665
I emailed Nicole,

1494
01:20:44,709 --> 01:20:47,668
Joel Salatin and Gabe Brown.

1495
01:20:47,712 --> 01:20:50,671
Then Nicole called me and
she's like, you're right,

1496
01:20:50,715 --> 01:20:52,282
we're gonna teach them.

1497
01:20:52,325 --> 01:20:53,892
This is the last page.

1498
01:20:53,936 --> 01:20:55,154
- You know, Pete always says,

1499
01:20:55,198 --> 01:20:58,288
we want to put more into
the land than we take,

1500
01:20:58,331 --> 01:20:59,898
really sharing that with people,

1501
01:20:59,942 --> 01:21:02,509
and that what we're doing
and what they're getting

1502
01:21:02,553 --> 01:21:05,512
starts with the soil, and is
going to end up in their food,

1503
01:21:05,556 --> 01:21:09,081
and they're eating it
for a really good reason.

1504
01:21:09,125 --> 01:21:11,431
They're taking part in
this whole movement.

1505
01:21:14,086 --> 01:21:17,220
When you buy from someone
local, it has more meaning.

1506
01:21:19,222 --> 01:21:21,920
These farmers and ranchers
who are trying to work

1507
01:21:21,964 --> 01:21:25,750
with the land, and do
right by their soil,

1508
01:21:25,793 --> 01:21:27,317
do need our support.

1509
01:21:32,061 --> 01:21:33,889
- So hop aboard.

1510
01:21:33,932 --> 01:21:35,803
You can just hook
in right back there.

1511
01:21:35,847 --> 01:21:38,763
I decided that it was
time to take fishermen

1512
01:21:38,806 --> 01:21:41,070
like me and begin
transitioning all of us

1513
01:21:41,113 --> 01:21:44,290
from wild harvesters
to regenerative.

1514
01:21:44,334 --> 01:21:46,989
- So when you harvest, you
can actually keep growing.

1515
01:21:47,032 --> 01:21:48,991
- So I created a
Green Wave to train

1516
01:21:49,034 --> 01:21:51,254
that next generation
of ocean farmers.

1517
01:21:54,648 --> 01:21:56,781
And they come from
all walks of life.

1518
01:21:56,824 --> 01:21:59,218
They're land-based farmers
who can't afford land,

1519
01:21:59,262 --> 01:22:02,743
indigenous communities,
former fishermen.

1520
01:22:02,787 --> 01:22:05,311
What's interesting is
the majority are women.

1521
01:22:05,355 --> 01:22:06,834
It's a big surprise.

1522
01:22:06,878 --> 01:22:08,203
I thought it was all gonna
be crusty fishermen like me,

1523
01:22:08,227 --> 01:22:10,751
but oddly women seem to
be stepping into this.

1524
01:22:12,275 --> 01:22:14,233
Maybe they're the ones
that'll figure out

1525
01:22:14,277 --> 01:22:16,975
how to build a different,
more cooperative system.

1526
01:22:18,455 --> 01:22:19,935
For us at Green Wave,

1527
01:22:19,978 --> 01:22:23,721
we think that climate change
and inequality are linked.

1528
01:22:23,764 --> 01:22:26,942
We can create an army of
people making a living

1529
01:22:26,985 --> 01:22:29,814
solving the biggest
crisis of our time.

1530
01:22:31,207 --> 01:22:34,993
What I hope to see is sort
of these blue carbon reefs,

1531
01:22:35,037 --> 01:22:37,300
up and down our coast
and all around the world.

1532
01:22:39,519 --> 01:22:41,869
The seas are rising,
which I know is scary,

1533
01:22:41,913 --> 01:22:45,917
but we can either build
seawalls and flee our coasts,

1534
01:22:45,961 --> 01:22:47,092
or we can look at the ocean

1535
01:22:47,136 --> 01:22:49,965
as a place to do
climate solutions.

1536
01:22:51,140 --> 01:22:53,011
We can build something
completely new,

1537
01:22:53,055 --> 01:22:55,057
something creative
and beautiful.

1538
01:22:58,364 --> 01:23:00,888
- 32 years ago
that we start this,

1539
01:23:00,932 --> 01:23:04,457
it's amazing how many
ranchers and cattlemen

1540
01:23:04,501 --> 01:23:09,288
start looking at it, and
they believe that this works.

1541
01:23:10,463 --> 01:23:11,745
- Jesus, you recently
attended a workshop

1542
01:23:11,769 --> 01:23:13,075
right here in Chihuahua,

1543
01:23:13,118 --> 01:23:15,294
where more than 500
people, you said?

1544
01:23:15,338 --> 01:23:18,036
- More than 500
people attended, yeah.

1545
01:23:18,080 --> 01:23:19,907
- 30 years ago, how many people

1546
01:23:19,951 --> 01:23:21,189
you were able to get into this?

1547
01:23:21,213 --> 01:23:23,563
- We were just five of us.

1548
01:23:23,607 --> 01:23:24,912
- Five.

1549
01:23:24,956 --> 01:23:26,436
- Well you have
to pay them to go.

1550
01:23:27,611 --> 01:23:30,135
You have to give them
the food and everything.

1551
01:23:31,702 --> 01:23:35,575
- We can definitely bring
back any former grassland

1552
01:23:35,619 --> 01:23:37,099
or any desert.

1553
01:23:38,665 --> 01:23:40,537
The beauty of what we're
doing is when you go

1554
01:23:40,580 --> 01:23:42,321
to a workshop or
seminar in Chihuahua,

1555
01:23:42,365 --> 01:23:44,193
you see a lot of young people.

1556
01:23:45,759 --> 01:23:47,152
- We need to regenerate,

1557
01:23:47,196 --> 01:23:49,850
not just agriculture,
but our communities,

1558
01:23:49,894 --> 01:23:51,461
our institutions.

1559
01:23:51,504 --> 01:23:56,031
Only when enough people in
society say it makes sense,

1560
01:23:56,074 --> 01:23:58,250
can our institutions change.

1561
01:23:59,425 --> 01:24:02,037
So we've got to get the
young people to demand

1562
01:24:02,080 --> 01:24:04,343
that policies be developed

1563
01:24:04,387 --> 01:24:07,346
in national and global
holistic context.

1564
01:24:08,521 --> 01:24:11,002
Then the right things
will flow to the top.

1565
01:24:11,046 --> 01:24:12,960
They're not condemning anybody.

1566
01:24:13,004 --> 01:24:14,527
You get beyond the conflicts.

1567
01:24:15,920 --> 01:24:17,313
And then they'll have hope.

1568
01:24:20,490 --> 01:24:23,884
- The piece for me that
is the most important

1569
01:24:23,928 --> 01:24:28,846
with holistic management, is
honoring everybody's voice.

1570
01:24:31,109 --> 01:24:33,285
Every grandchild, no
matter how old they are,

1571
01:24:33,329 --> 01:24:37,333
are invited to family
meetings, and they come.

1572
01:24:37,376 --> 01:24:40,597
- Let us not love in
word, neither in tongue,

1573
01:24:40,640 --> 01:24:43,252
but in deed, and in truth, amen.

1574
01:24:44,731 --> 01:24:47,560
- Regenerative in an
agricultural sense,

1575
01:24:47,604 --> 01:24:48,822
we understand that.

1576
01:24:48,866 --> 01:24:50,998
What's the consensus
guys on the barbecue?

1577
01:24:51,042 --> 01:24:53,175
But it all starts
with the foundation,

1578
01:24:53,218 --> 01:24:55,351
and what are the roots?

1579
01:24:55,394 --> 01:24:57,570
Roots, when you're
dealing with soil,

1580
01:24:57,614 --> 01:24:59,311
you have to keep nurturing it.

1581
01:25:00,486 --> 01:25:02,532
But in this case, it's
the roots of our family,

1582
01:25:03,750 --> 01:25:06,492
and just instilling that
harmony is the only way

1583
01:25:06,536 --> 01:25:09,800
to accomplish anything
as a group of people,

1584
01:25:09,843 --> 01:25:12,455
whether it's a
family, or a country.

1585
01:25:14,196 --> 01:25:16,111
- They have become of one mind

1586
01:25:16,154 --> 01:25:18,156
to manage the land,

1587
01:25:18,200 --> 01:25:22,247
and preserve their quality
of life, successfully.

1588
01:25:23,770 --> 01:25:26,382
This is what we've been able
to achieve with our family.

1589
01:25:30,951 --> 01:25:34,041
- My favorite part
is watching something

1590
01:25:34,085 --> 01:25:36,609
come from the grass,

1591
01:25:37,654 --> 01:25:39,177
to the cow,

1592
01:25:39,221 --> 01:25:42,006
to this beautiful
piece of cheese.

1593
01:25:43,877 --> 01:25:44,878
- This is beautiful.

1594
01:25:44,922 --> 01:25:45,922
- Isn't that pretty?

1595
01:25:47,359 --> 01:25:52,016
- I would like to
continue learning this
method of dairying,

1596
01:25:52,930 --> 01:25:54,210
and one day have
this for myself.

1597
01:25:57,064 --> 01:25:58,979
- What I'm seeing with
regenerative agriculture,

1598
01:25:59,023 --> 01:26:01,765
is this is a train that's
just not gonna stop rolling.

1599
01:26:01,808 --> 01:26:04,898
You know, everything about
it just makes so much sense.

1600
01:26:04,942 --> 01:26:06,596
To see the young
people coming through,

1601
01:26:06,639 --> 01:26:09,164
and being really engaged
with what is possible.

1602
01:26:09,207 --> 01:26:11,557
How can we get good, better?

1603
01:26:11,601 --> 01:26:13,907
How do we really put nutrition
back into the system,

1604
01:26:13,951 --> 01:26:16,432
and feel really passionate
and excited about it?

1605
01:26:19,609 --> 01:26:22,655
Change is happening, and
happening quite quickly.

1606
01:26:22,699 --> 01:26:25,223
We really are seeing the
transformation of agriculture.