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NARRATOR: In the middle
of the Pacific Ocean,
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the world's most isolated island chain
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is shark paradise.
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Some hunt in gangs,
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others ride the tides to find food.
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The biggest are loners.
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But no matter what their size...
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...or what they eat...
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...Hawaii has everything
sharks need.
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♪
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Shallow reefs here are packed with fish.
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♪
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The deeper blue offers different fare.
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The warm water calls to many.
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If it seems too perfect,
it just might be...
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for now.
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The biggest sharks with the biggest needs
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may be moving here, too.
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♪
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♪
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♪
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NARRATOR: These humpback whales
are finally home.
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After feeding all summer
in the Gulf of Alaska,
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they've traveled over 3,000 miles
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to return to Hawaii, where they were born.
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♪
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Some females have journeyed
to these warm, clear waters
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to entertain a mate or two.
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And soon, those that are pregnant
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will give birth to their own calves here.
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♪
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The new mothers will be
extremely protective
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of their newborns.
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They have to be.
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Because while this place looks idyllic,
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the whales have come back
to an age-old battleground.
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♪
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Tiger sharks are the apex
predators in Hawaiian waters,
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15 feet of clever camouflage
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constantly patrolling
the channels between islands.
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They prey on whale calves,
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a feast they've been
anticipating all year.
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♪
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Then, these mighty opponents
will come face-to-face,
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2,400 miles from the nearest continent.
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♪
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Hawaii's archipelago
is the most remote on Earth.
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The eight main islands
are merely the summits
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of a vast, submarine mountain chain
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stretching 1,500 miles across the Pacific.
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♪
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They're all the result
of a deep-sea volcanic hot spot
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that builds new islands when the
tectonic plates above it move.
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♪
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Kilauea, on the Big Island,
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is the most active volcano on Earth.
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It's been continuously erupting
for the past 40 years.
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♪
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♪
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Lava meanders down the slopes
in molten paths to the sea.
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♪
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♪
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These islands are primeval,
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but in Earth's geologic timeline,
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Hawaii is a newcomer.
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The first island rose above the sea
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a mere 5 million years ago.
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And, in the middle of nowhere,
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it became an anchor for coral spawn
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drifting in from open water.
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♪
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♪
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Hawaii became a magnet for life,
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sheltering thousands of unique species
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found nowhere else in the world.
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Hawaiian monk seals and Hawaiian octopuses
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are natives here.
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♪
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But Tiger sharks are
much older than Hawaii.
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They somehow discovered these islands
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in the course of their migrations.
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These days, Hawaii's bays and inlets
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offer year-round opportunities
for every palate.
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Both the massive and the miniature
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enjoy the islands' embarrassment
of undersea riches...
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♪
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...including at least
40 species of sharks...
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♪
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...and their cousins, the rays.
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♪
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The volcanoes created stark
basaltic plains underwater,
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which were first colonized by algae
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and then by tiny coral polyps.
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Over time, life moved in,
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creating a stationary buffet
for carnivorous sharks,
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eels, tangs, and angelfishes,
just to name a few.
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At least 25% of Hawaii's
coral reef fishes are native
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and only live here.
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It seems impossible that
this delicate fairyland
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could spring from such violent
brimstone and fire.
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Hawaii's two active volcanoes
are the modern agents
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of a process that is still unfolding.
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Kilauea and Mauna Loa are both
on the Big Island...
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also called Hawaii...
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which is the youngest island in the chain.
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When super-heated magma
meets the cool ocean,
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a cauldron is born.
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As the lava cools,
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trapped air forms an undersea
labyrinth of tunnels and tubes,
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creating superb miniature bunkers
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for those that need sanctuary.
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They draw travelers in
from the open ocean.
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♪
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And even sharks need to find a safe haven.
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♪
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The lava tubes are a perfect retreat
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for nocturnal whitetip reef sharks.
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♪
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Slender whitetips often escape
into the narrow passageways,
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thwarting more massive pursuers.
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♪
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♪
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These reef dwellers sometimes
become tiger shark prey
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because they're so much smaller.
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At five feet long,
they're right in the middle
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of a tiger shark's menu.
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This tiger cruises just outside the maze,
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perhaps hoping to surprise
a whitetip away from home.
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♪
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Deep in their lairs, whitetips can relax.
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They use specialized muscles
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to draw in oxygen-rich water
over their gills,
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making them one of the few shark species
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that doesn't need to swim
in order to breathe.
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They cruise through the murky lava jungle,
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always searching for
a better place to rest.
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Though they're able to suspend activity
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in parts of their brain,
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they never actually sleep.
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They spend hours like this,
simply resting,
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sometimes alone, sometimes together.
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♪
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Light doesn't reach
into most of the lava maze,
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but nocturnal whitetips
still wait for the dark of night
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to venture out.
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♪
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Carefully, cautiously,
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they'll morph from the hunted
into the hunters...
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...searching
their small territories
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for prey that's also active at night.
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♪
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♪
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The reef during the day
is a different world,
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whether you're predator or prey.
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♪
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Beyond the coral heads, in open water,
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there's no place to hide.
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♪
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This silver flash is actually
a school of small mackerel
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called akule.
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As juveniles, they lived on the reef,
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but as adults,
they've moved into deeper water.
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They gather in the tens of thousands,
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seeking safety in numbers.
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♪
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When they sense danger,
the small fish react
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by crowding close together
in what's known as a bait ball.
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♪
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♪
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Instead of seeing individuals,
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predators confront a much
larger, confusing "creature."
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♪
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But sometimes increasing their profile
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only attracts more lethal attention.
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♪
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Bluefin trevallies, 3 feet in length,
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are some of Hawaii's
most efficient carnivores.
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♪
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Aggressive and sleek,
they can carve up a bait ball
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with exquisite precision.
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♪
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Akule caught in the rift
are the first to be devoured.
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The others try to flee.
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♪
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♪
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The sounds of plunder draw
gray reef sharks to the scene.
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♪
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Then, an elegant silky
comes in from the blue.
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They have the ability
to hear prey through open water.
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♪
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Now, the Akule have drawn multiple sharks
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to the nearshore reef.
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Sharks may hunt cooperatively,
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but it's every individual for
itself when it comes to food.
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♪
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♪
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The hunters try to corral the baitfish
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into more manageable masses.
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♪
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♪
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After enduring attack after attack...
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the Akule are tiring...
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...but it won't be over
until the sharks are satiated.
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♪
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In the end, bottom dwellers
reap the last spoils of war.
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A blue pincher crab is camouflaged
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by algae covering its claws...
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♪
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...allowing it to steal a prize,
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almost.
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Like a furtive ribbon,
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this undulated moray eel has
followed the scent of flesh.
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♪
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Needle-like teeth shred the meal.
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♪
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Surviving Akule disperse
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with their casualty count unknown.
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♪
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Back on the reef, there is
a constant kaleidoscope of color
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and danger.
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♪
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Every creature here has evolved
a strategy to meet its needs.
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The sharks are no exception.
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♪
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Blacktip reef sharks
are Hawaii's homebodies.
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♪
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They prefer shallow water,
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which suits their docile, social nature.
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They often convene in groups.
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♪
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Around the Big Island,
these small sharks use the tides
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in order to hunt ever closer to shore,
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the best place to find
tasty crustacean prey.
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♪
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And the tides always deliver.
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♪
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The Big Island is also known
for its black sand beaches,
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formed by volcanic glass
that's rich in iron.
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But, it's not the color of the sand
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that attracts green sea turtles to Hawaii.
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This is the natal home
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of the largest hard-shelled
sea turtles in the world.
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♪
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Adults sport shells more
than four feet across
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and can weigh over 300 pounds.
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As juveniles, their diet
is quite eclectic,
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but adults graze on algae and sea grass,
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which tints their internal fat
a pale shade of green.
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Female sea turtles of all species
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come ashore in order to lay their eggs.
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[Moans]
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But, this is the only place in the world
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where males haul out alongside females.
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No one knows why.
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The males don't guard the eggs
and the turtles don't mate here.
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This exceptional behavior
is a complete mystery.
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♪
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Oceanic nomads,
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green sea turtles swim endlessly
until they reach maturity,
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somewhere between 20 and 50 years.
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Scientists don't know
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how long these prodigious seafarers live,
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but they suspect it's more than a century.
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♪
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Cruising through clouds
of plankton for decades
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allows algae and barnacles
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to grow on the platforms
of their broad shells.
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♪
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This provides great benefits
for the barnacles.
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But, as they accumulate,
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ferrying such a load
can slow turtles down.
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♪
275
00:20:42,862 --> 00:20:46,831
The barnacles attach themselves
with organic cement.
276
00:20:46,935 --> 00:20:48,730
They're permanent passengers.
277
00:20:48,868 --> 00:20:52,458
Unless knocked off
in the tussle of turtle sex.
278
00:20:52,527 --> 00:20:54,667
♪
279
00:20:54,736 --> 00:20:57,152
But there is a way
to limit their growth...
280
00:20:57,290 --> 00:20:59,741
with a little help from some friends.
281
00:20:59,879 --> 00:21:07,990
♪
282
00:21:08,094 --> 00:21:10,407
♪
283
00:21:10,545 --> 00:21:14,100
These brown and yellow tangs
can digest tough marine algae
284
00:21:14,203 --> 00:21:16,171
that grows along with the barnacles.
285
00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:24,628
♪
286
00:21:24,731 --> 00:21:28,079
This helps the turtles
by keeping their shells smooth,
287
00:21:28,148 --> 00:21:31,945
making it more difficult for new
barnacle larvae to attach.
288
00:21:32,049 --> 00:21:35,155
♪
289
00:21:35,259 --> 00:21:36,812
On Hawaii's reefs,
290
00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:38,987
sea turtles aren't the only customers
291
00:21:39,090 --> 00:21:40,885
to benefit from a good cleaning.
292
00:21:40,989 --> 00:21:48,099
♪
293
00:21:48,237 --> 00:21:51,068
But it's more of a challenge
for grey reef sharks
294
00:21:51,206 --> 00:21:53,484
to take advantage of the tangs
295
00:21:53,622 --> 00:21:57,177
because they must keep swimming,
in order to breathe.
296
00:21:57,281 --> 00:22:05,047
♪
297
00:22:05,151 --> 00:22:08,706
They solve the problem
by adopting a vertical stance,
298
00:22:08,775 --> 00:22:12,710
with snout and gills facing
into the oxygen-rich current.
299
00:22:12,779 --> 00:22:19,993
♪
300
00:22:20,097 --> 00:22:29,900
♪
301
00:22:30,038 --> 00:22:36,769
♪
302
00:22:36,907 --> 00:22:40,151
Cleaner fish don't fear
their shark patrons
303
00:22:40,255 --> 00:22:42,153
because the symbiotic relationship
304
00:22:42,222 --> 00:22:46,572
provides relief from parasites
for the predators.
305
00:22:46,675 --> 00:22:49,402
Both creatures benefit from the alliance.
306
00:22:49,506 --> 00:22:55,857
♪
307
00:22:55,995 --> 00:23:00,068
Cleaner wrasse even follow their
customers in order to clean...
308
00:23:00,171 --> 00:23:03,692
and eat... mucus from gills,
noses, and teeth.
309
00:23:03,830 --> 00:23:09,940
♪
310
00:23:10,078 --> 00:23:15,359
♪
311
00:23:15,463 --> 00:23:17,948
But this remarkable upright dance
312
00:23:18,017 --> 00:23:20,571
is a lot more taxing for the little fish.
313
00:23:20,675 --> 00:23:24,472
♪
314
00:23:24,610 --> 00:23:29,062
These humble janitors ensure
the health of many species,
315
00:23:29,166 --> 00:23:32,997
which makes them one of the most
important fish on the reef.
316
00:23:33,066 --> 00:23:38,934
♪
317
00:23:39,072 --> 00:23:43,905
Like all urban places,
the reef is a bustling place.
318
00:23:43,974 --> 00:23:47,080
But, beyond Hawaii's coral cities,
319
00:23:47,184 --> 00:23:51,291
the rural seascape
becomes stark, desert-like.
320
00:23:54,018 --> 00:23:57,297
It appears almost devoid of life
321
00:23:57,401 --> 00:24:00,853
and, yet, there is prey here,
322
00:24:00,956 --> 00:24:03,165
which an alien-looking hammerhead
323
00:24:03,234 --> 00:24:05,444
has just the tools to detect.
324
00:24:05,547 --> 00:24:11,070
♪
325
00:24:11,173 --> 00:24:12,623
The bizarre shape of its head
326
00:24:12,727 --> 00:24:14,798
makes for an imposing silhouette...
327
00:24:14,901 --> 00:24:18,249
♪
328
00:24:18,353 --> 00:24:21,667
...and enables those strange,
wide-set eyes
329
00:24:21,770 --> 00:24:25,602
to see a near 360° view
of its hunting grounds.
330
00:24:25,740 --> 00:24:35,474
♪
331
00:24:35,612 --> 00:24:36,820
Like all sharks,
332
00:24:36,889 --> 00:24:39,685
hammerheads use special sensors to detect
333
00:24:39,788 --> 00:24:43,274
the bioelectrical fields
of creatures around them,
334
00:24:43,343 --> 00:24:48,659
but these peculiar beasts have
twice as many as other sharks.
335
00:24:48,728 --> 00:24:51,144
It's as though they
were especially designed
336
00:24:51,248 --> 00:24:53,112
for this stark hunting ground.
337
00:24:53,215 --> 00:24:57,944
♪
338
00:24:58,013 --> 00:24:59,290
The hammerhead is scanning
339
00:24:59,394 --> 00:25:01,776
for signals from its favorite prey.
340
00:25:01,914 --> 00:25:07,126
♪
341
00:25:07,229 --> 00:25:08,990
But, stingrays are experts
342
00:25:09,059 --> 00:25:13,339
at hiding and escaping
in this sandy expanse,
343
00:25:13,442 --> 00:25:15,859
so the hunt continues.
344
00:25:15,962 --> 00:25:20,277
♪
345
00:25:26,732 --> 00:25:28,872
Off the island of Oahu,
346
00:25:28,975 --> 00:25:31,184
there's another desolate expanse.
347
00:25:35,430 --> 00:25:37,605
But this is an undersea prairie,
348
00:25:37,708 --> 00:25:41,678
with its own waving strands
of garden eels.
349
00:25:41,816 --> 00:25:45,751
♪
350
00:25:45,854 --> 00:25:48,857
These native Hawaiians
are desperately shy...
351
00:25:48,961 --> 00:25:53,724
♪
352
00:25:53,862 --> 00:25:56,313
...partially emerging
from their burrows only
353
00:25:56,416 --> 00:25:59,350
to devour zooplankton.
354
00:25:59,454 --> 00:26:01,042
Hundreds plant themselves
355
00:26:01,145 --> 00:26:05,771
where strong currents
deliver food to their doors.
356
00:26:05,874 --> 00:26:09,188
This species is only found
in Hawaiian waters.
357
00:26:09,326 --> 00:26:14,158
♪
358
00:26:14,262 --> 00:26:18,853
Each will spend its entire
lifetime in the exact same spot.
359
00:26:18,991 --> 00:26:25,238
♪
360
00:26:25,342 --> 00:26:29,311
The eels' large eyes
spot this roving tiger shark.
361
00:26:29,415 --> 00:26:32,245
♪
362
00:26:32,349 --> 00:26:35,766
But any intruder will trigger
the group to disappear back
363
00:26:35,904 --> 00:26:37,319
into their sandy dens.
364
00:26:37,388 --> 00:26:45,914
♪
365
00:26:46,018 --> 00:26:49,849
♪
366
00:26:49,953 --> 00:26:53,128
The only creatures
garden eels need to fear
367
00:26:53,232 --> 00:26:54,785
are each other
368
00:26:54,889 --> 00:26:58,306
because males engage
in brutal territorial fights.
369
00:26:58,444 --> 00:27:07,108
♪
370
00:27:07,177 --> 00:27:11,043
The tiger shark has no interest
in the slender stalks below.
371
00:27:11,146 --> 00:27:19,499
♪
372
00:27:19,603 --> 00:27:23,020
It's headed some 500 miles northwest,
373
00:27:23,089 --> 00:27:24,366
for a proper meal.
374
00:27:24,470 --> 00:27:32,651
♪
375
00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:36,724
♪
376
00:27:36,862 --> 00:27:38,518
The tiger's destination is
377
00:27:38,587 --> 00:27:42,212
an eerie spit of sand
in the middle of nowhere,
378
00:27:42,350 --> 00:27:45,871
once a military airstrip
during the Second World War.
379
00:27:45,974 --> 00:27:48,977
[Birds squawking]
380
00:27:54,914 --> 00:27:58,055
Today, the only residents are birds,
381
00:27:58,193 --> 00:27:59,194
monk seals,
382
00:27:59,298 --> 00:28:02,232
and, occasionally, green sea turtles.
383
00:28:12,725 --> 00:28:14,140
Tern Island is part
384
00:28:14,244 --> 00:28:17,903
of the Hawaiian Islands
National Wildlife Refuge
385
00:28:18,006 --> 00:28:22,217
and it's a critical sanctuary
for millions of nesting seabirds
386
00:28:22,321 --> 00:28:24,806
and thousands of wintering shorebirds.
387
00:28:33,366 --> 00:28:34,885
It's also a magnet
388
00:28:35,023 --> 00:28:37,923
for a maverick group of tiger sharks
389
00:28:38,061 --> 00:28:40,063
searching for seal prey.
390
00:28:40,166 --> 00:28:49,313
♪
391
00:28:49,382 --> 00:28:52,420
Aside from a bat, the Hawaiian monk seal
392
00:28:52,558 --> 00:28:56,424
is the only mammal endemic to the islands
393
00:28:56,527 --> 00:28:59,738
and there are only
about 1,500 of them left.
394
00:28:59,841 --> 00:29:05,985
♪
395
00:29:06,089 --> 00:29:07,262
[Snores]
396
00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:10,093
♪
397
00:29:10,231 --> 00:29:14,407
Many show signs of lucky
escapes from shark jaws.
398
00:29:14,511 --> 00:29:23,934
♪
399
00:29:24,038 --> 00:29:27,938
♪
400
00:29:28,007 --> 00:29:32,046
Tigers will also take turtles,
and even dolphins.
401
00:29:32,149 --> 00:29:33,426
[Whistling]
402
00:29:33,530 --> 00:29:35,601
♪
403
00:29:35,670 --> 00:29:39,363
These hunters have liberal tastes in prey.
404
00:29:39,467 --> 00:29:42,781
Anything and everything is on their menu
405
00:29:42,884 --> 00:29:46,129
and this far-flung outpost of Hawaii
406
00:29:46,232 --> 00:29:47,993
offers them something unique.
407
00:29:48,096 --> 00:29:50,547
[Chirping]
408
00:29:50,685 --> 00:29:53,239
Laysan albatross parents leave the island
409
00:29:53,343 --> 00:29:56,346
before their chicks'
transition from landlubbers
410
00:29:56,449 --> 00:29:58,382
to open ocean voyagers.
411
00:29:58,486 --> 00:30:01,523
[Squawking]
412
00:30:09,462 --> 00:30:12,845
Designed to glide over an endless expanse,
413
00:30:12,914 --> 00:30:17,194
extra-long wings make learning
to use them extra challenging.
414
00:30:22,855 --> 00:30:25,202
Black-footed albatrosses are here, too.
415
00:30:29,758 --> 00:30:31,726
Like the Laysans,
416
00:30:31,795 --> 00:30:34,763
they lay just one egg every other year.
417
00:30:36,627 --> 00:30:39,734
The Northern Hawaiian Islands host 90%
418
00:30:39,838 --> 00:30:42,185
of the breeding albatrosses in the world.
419
00:30:44,912 --> 00:30:49,019
From terns to frigate birds,
albatrosses to gannets,
420
00:30:49,088 --> 00:30:53,679
18 species rely on this tiny spit of land.
421
00:30:53,782 --> 00:30:56,233
It's an essential mid-ocean nursery
422
00:30:56,337 --> 00:30:58,304
for half a million seabirds.
423
00:31:02,205 --> 00:31:05,070
Once they become one with their wings,
424
00:31:05,173 --> 00:31:07,727
the chicks' maiden voyage
will be all the way
425
00:31:07,796 --> 00:31:09,384
to the Bering Sea.
426
00:31:09,522 --> 00:31:12,663
♪
427
00:31:12,767 --> 00:31:16,253
But, first, they must
make a successful flight.
428
00:31:16,391 --> 00:31:21,914
♪
429
00:31:22,052 --> 00:31:25,331
It's harder for them to succeed
than for most birds
430
00:31:25,469 --> 00:31:27,678
because of the strength they must build
431
00:31:27,782 --> 00:31:29,508
to power such long wings.
432
00:31:29,611 --> 00:31:37,965
♪
433
00:31:38,068 --> 00:31:47,975
♪
434
00:31:48,044 --> 00:31:50,046
♪
435
00:31:53,118 --> 00:31:57,812
The small group of tiger sharks
around Tern Island knows when...
436
00:31:57,881 --> 00:32:00,919
and where...
chicks practice takeoffs.
437
00:32:01,057 --> 00:32:04,750
♪
438
00:32:04,853 --> 00:32:07,822
And the chicks, focused on flight,
439
00:32:07,926 --> 00:32:11,343
have no idea of what lurks
beneath the waves.
440
00:32:13,655 --> 00:32:21,249
♪
441
00:32:21,353 --> 00:32:24,632
Most fledglings become airborne
after a few attempts.
442
00:32:24,770 --> 00:32:28,394
♪
443
00:32:28,463 --> 00:32:30,431
But not all.
444
00:32:30,500 --> 00:32:39,164
♪
445
00:32:39,267 --> 00:32:40,648
In other places,
446
00:32:40,751 --> 00:32:44,065
a water landing would just be
part of the learning process,
447
00:32:44,169 --> 00:32:46,550
a gentle respite
for the beginner attempting
448
00:32:46,654 --> 00:32:48,173
to get the hang of takeoff.
449
00:32:48,276 --> 00:32:51,659
♪
450
00:32:51,797 --> 00:32:56,560
But here, soggy and exhausted,
the chick's a sitting duck.
451
00:32:56,629 --> 00:33:05,984
♪
452
00:33:06,087 --> 00:33:12,921
♪
453
00:33:13,025 --> 00:33:15,579
In order to escape the predator's jaws,
454
00:33:15,717 --> 00:33:17,892
the chick attempts to walk on water.
455
00:33:17,961 --> 00:33:23,139
♪
456
00:33:23,208 --> 00:33:26,038
But, there's no miracle today.
457
00:33:26,142 --> 00:33:35,910
♪
458
00:33:36,048 --> 00:33:45,954
♪
459
00:33:46,058 --> 00:33:53,962
♪
460
00:33:54,066 --> 00:33:56,620
♪
461
00:33:56,724 --> 00:34:00,590
This chick's first flight
was also its last.
462
00:34:00,693 --> 00:34:04,594
♪
463
00:34:04,663 --> 00:34:07,942
It's impossible to know
if the other young birds realize
464
00:34:08,046 --> 00:34:09,426
what they've just seen.
465
00:34:09,495 --> 00:34:15,501
♪
466
00:34:24,372 --> 00:34:26,961
Once they leave the rookery
on Tern Island,
467
00:34:27,065 --> 00:34:30,137
they won't be back for three years.
468
00:34:30,206 --> 00:34:32,242
Then, they'll choose their mate for life
469
00:34:32,346 --> 00:34:34,002
and hatch chicks of their own.
470
00:34:36,798 --> 00:34:41,458
The tiger sharks will be waiting.
471
00:34:41,562 --> 00:34:43,909
It's a strange twist in the story,
472
00:34:44,047 --> 00:34:46,498
for the chicks that escape the sharks
473
00:34:46,601 --> 00:34:49,121
will prey on fish in return.
474
00:34:53,677 --> 00:34:56,991
♪
475
00:34:57,129 --> 00:35:01,892
The Hawaiian Sun sinks swiftly
below the horizon.
476
00:35:01,996 --> 00:35:03,411
Here, in the tropics,
477
00:35:03,549 --> 00:35:07,346
twilight is brief, a mere moment of magic.
478
00:35:07,415 --> 00:35:15,975
♪
479
00:35:16,079 --> 00:35:18,219
♪
480
00:35:18,323 --> 00:35:21,222
On the reef,
creatures are already preparing
481
00:35:21,326 --> 00:35:22,603
for their nightly business.
482
00:35:22,706 --> 00:35:24,743
♪
483
00:35:24,881 --> 00:35:27,780
It's dinnertime and miniature lanterns are
484
00:35:27,918 --> 00:35:30,921
about to appear as guides to a feast.
485
00:35:30,990 --> 00:35:37,963
♪
486
00:35:38,032 --> 00:35:42,036
Tiny fish and tasty zooplankton
rise from the deep,
487
00:35:42,174 --> 00:35:44,280
flaunting their bioluminescence.
488
00:35:44,418 --> 00:35:49,285
♪
489
00:35:49,388 --> 00:35:51,528
These animals use chemical reactions
490
00:35:51,666 --> 00:35:55,532
within their own bodies to make light.
491
00:35:55,636 --> 00:35:57,707
They might become instant prey,
492
00:35:57,776 --> 00:36:01,159
serving as the first course
in a complex food chain.
493
00:36:01,297 --> 00:36:04,817
♪
494
00:36:04,955 --> 00:36:08,787
Some use their inner glow
to draw even tinier prey closer.
495
00:36:08,890 --> 00:36:10,616
♪
496
00:36:10,720 --> 00:36:13,516
Still others shine to attract mates.
497
00:36:13,619 --> 00:36:19,970
♪
498
00:36:20,074 --> 00:36:24,182
♪
499
00:36:24,285 --> 00:36:28,462
Box jellyfish aren't impressed
by the displays.
500
00:36:28,531 --> 00:36:32,673
To them, the radiant organisms
are simply... food.
501
00:36:32,742 --> 00:36:36,159
♪
502
00:36:36,297 --> 00:36:39,783
The light show attracts more plankton
503
00:36:39,887 --> 00:36:43,201
and, ultimately, giants from the deep.
504
00:36:43,304 --> 00:36:47,860
♪
505
00:36:47,964 --> 00:36:50,932
Giant manta rays are shark cousins,
506
00:36:51,036 --> 00:36:52,762
but they are filter feeders,
507
00:36:52,865 --> 00:36:55,661
with wingspans that can reach 29 feet.
508
00:36:55,799 --> 00:37:00,701
♪
509
00:37:00,804 --> 00:37:04,429
At birth, mantas are rolled up
like burritos
510
00:37:04,532 --> 00:37:07,708
and then unfurl
to an astonishing six feet.
511
00:37:07,811 --> 00:37:14,749
♪
512
00:37:14,853 --> 00:37:17,442
But no two are alike.
513
00:37:17,580 --> 00:37:19,202
Blotches on their underbellies
514
00:37:19,306 --> 00:37:22,274
are equivalent to human fingerprints.
515
00:37:22,412 --> 00:37:25,864
They're thought to have
individual personalities, too...
516
00:37:25,967 --> 00:37:29,108
some curious, others shy...
517
00:37:29,247 --> 00:37:32,180
which researchers consider
a sign of intelligence.
518
00:37:32,284 --> 00:37:33,699
♪
519
00:37:33,803 --> 00:37:35,667
They're all voracious.
520
00:37:35,736 --> 00:37:42,708
♪
521
00:37:42,777 --> 00:37:46,160
Sophisticated fins, called devil horns,
522
00:37:46,229 --> 00:37:48,921
whisk plankton
into their cavernous mouths.
523
00:37:48,990 --> 00:37:55,756
♪
524
00:37:55,859 --> 00:37:57,689
But, it's recently been discovered
525
00:37:57,827 --> 00:38:00,623
that those gaping mouths
are also swallowing
526
00:38:00,692 --> 00:38:03,453
great mouthfuls of small fish,
527
00:38:03,522 --> 00:38:04,454
whole.
528
00:38:04,592 --> 00:38:13,946
♪
529
00:38:14,050 --> 00:38:19,297
♪
530
00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:21,816
They sweep the night ocean until dawn,
531
00:38:21,954 --> 00:38:23,611
near Kona on the Big Island.
532
00:38:23,749 --> 00:38:27,546
♪
533
00:38:27,650 --> 00:38:29,859
Graceful, gentle giants,
534
00:38:29,962 --> 00:38:33,621
these marine marvels have
only large sharks to fear.
535
00:38:33,725 --> 00:38:42,941
♪
536
00:38:43,044 --> 00:38:47,497
Ironically, the largest shark
of all is also benign.
537
00:38:47,601 --> 00:38:54,884
♪
538
00:38:54,987 --> 00:38:58,405
Whale sharks are the largest
sharks on Earth
539
00:38:58,543 --> 00:39:02,029
and sometimes they pass
through the Hawaiian Islands.
540
00:39:02,132 --> 00:39:03,202
Slowly.
541
00:39:03,271 --> 00:39:06,620
♪
542
00:39:06,689 --> 00:39:09,036
They swim extreme distances
543
00:39:09,105 --> 00:39:11,210
because they need enormous amounts
544
00:39:11,314 --> 00:39:14,973
of plankton and coral spawn
to power their bulk...
545
00:39:15,076 --> 00:39:17,320
up to 90 pounds per day.
546
00:39:17,458 --> 00:39:25,949
♪
547
00:39:26,053 --> 00:39:29,401
♪
548
00:39:29,539 --> 00:39:31,576
Forty feet long,
549
00:39:31,645 --> 00:39:34,510
their mouths stretch four feet wide.
550
00:39:34,613 --> 00:39:37,098
But plankton is strained and swallowed
551
00:39:37,236 --> 00:39:41,137
by a throat so small,
it's just the size of a coin.
552
00:39:41,240 --> 00:39:47,592
♪
553
00:39:47,695 --> 00:39:49,973
Thick, rubbery skin acts like armor
554
00:39:50,111 --> 00:39:53,632
to deter would-be shark predators,
555
00:39:53,736 --> 00:39:56,186
but not a bevy of freeloaders.
556
00:39:56,324 --> 00:39:59,327
♪
557
00:39:59,431 --> 00:40:03,228
Remoras accompany whale sharks
everywhere they go
558
00:40:03,366 --> 00:40:04,609
and position themselves
559
00:40:04,747 --> 00:40:07,439
to ensure they don't miss any scraps.
560
00:40:07,543 --> 00:40:15,999
♪
561
00:40:16,068 --> 00:40:23,904
♪
562
00:40:24,042 --> 00:40:26,665
♪
563
00:40:26,769 --> 00:40:28,943
There are more giants here.
564
00:40:29,047 --> 00:40:32,395
Nine thousand pilot whales
are Hawaiian residents.
565
00:40:32,499 --> 00:40:35,985
[Squeaking]
566
00:40:36,054 --> 00:40:38,953
They're actually supersized dolphins,
567
00:40:39,057 --> 00:40:41,818
cruising the deep channels
between islands,
568
00:40:41,922 --> 00:40:46,271
capable of diving 3,000 feet
down in search of squid.
569
00:40:55,625 --> 00:40:58,179
Large, fatty melons on their foreheads
570
00:40:58,317 --> 00:41:02,563
magnify the sounds
that they use to communicate
571
00:41:02,667 --> 00:41:05,704
and to find prey through echolocation.
572
00:41:11,814 --> 00:41:13,263
[Clicking]
573
00:41:13,401 --> 00:41:17,198
They travel in large groups,
made up of several families.
574
00:41:30,729 --> 00:41:32,248
Sharks don't target
575
00:41:32,351 --> 00:41:35,872
these intelligent, 20-foot-long mammals,
576
00:41:35,976 --> 00:41:37,736
but some follow them.
577
00:41:50,438 --> 00:41:53,372
Oceanic whitetips rely
on the whales' sonar
578
00:41:53,476 --> 00:41:56,099
to lead them to food in the open ocean
579
00:41:56,203 --> 00:41:58,895
and the pod doesn't seem to mind.
580
00:42:03,141 --> 00:42:04,936
The sharks grab fish scraps
581
00:42:05,074 --> 00:42:07,317
when the pilot whales pillage a school.
582
00:42:12,288 --> 00:42:14,911
In this realm of endless blue,
583
00:42:15,015 --> 00:42:17,569
it's a challenge for them
to get enough to eat.
584
00:42:24,369 --> 00:42:27,752
So, every meal counts,
585
00:42:27,855 --> 00:42:31,272
including ones the whales
have already digested.
586
00:42:38,625 --> 00:42:40,558
In other places around the world,
587
00:42:40,661 --> 00:42:44,182
sandbar sharks migrate long distances,
588
00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:47,150
but Hawaii has everything they need,
589
00:42:47,254 --> 00:42:49,325
so they live here year-round.
590
00:42:58,886 --> 00:43:01,061
They prefer to stay deep.
591
00:43:01,164 --> 00:43:04,098
It's unusual to see them
so close to the surface.
592
00:43:06,342 --> 00:43:09,517
They're just finishing a meal
of tasty mackerel,
593
00:43:09,621 --> 00:43:11,934
known in Hawaii as opelu.
594
00:43:15,351 --> 00:43:18,181
The sandbars have formed a gang,
595
00:43:18,319 --> 00:43:22,151
probably all males,
because females travel alone.
596
00:43:35,613 --> 00:43:38,029
They've had the school
of opelu to themselves
597
00:43:38,098 --> 00:43:39,513
for quite some time.
598
00:43:43,241 --> 00:43:46,520
Then, a massive bronze whaler decides
599
00:43:46,624 --> 00:43:48,142
to make an appearance to the party.
600
00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:52,768
♪
601
00:43:52,871 --> 00:43:55,184
Little is known about these sharks,
602
00:43:55,287 --> 00:43:58,808
but they tend to return
to the same locations over time.
603
00:43:58,946 --> 00:44:01,397
♪
604
00:44:01,466 --> 00:44:04,814
Today, there's not much left
for the latecomer.
605
00:44:04,883 --> 00:44:13,961
♪
606
00:44:14,065 --> 00:44:23,902
♪
607
00:44:23,971 --> 00:44:26,491
♪
608
00:44:29,425 --> 00:44:32,324
Meanwhile, off the coast of Maui,
609
00:44:32,428 --> 00:44:34,637
a tiger shark is on patrol.
610
00:44:34,775 --> 00:44:38,676
♪
611
00:44:38,814 --> 00:44:42,024
Tigers in Hawaii have been
waiting for this season.
612
00:44:42,127 --> 00:44:43,681
♪
613
00:44:43,819 --> 00:44:48,064
By now, many humpback calves
have been born.
614
00:44:48,168 --> 00:44:50,895
♪
615
00:44:50,964 --> 00:44:53,207
They'll nurse for at least a year,
616
00:44:53,311 --> 00:44:55,037
growing a foot every month
617
00:44:55,140 --> 00:44:59,593
by drinking 100 gallons
of rich milk every day.
618
00:44:59,697 --> 00:45:07,670
♪
619
00:45:07,774 --> 00:45:11,536
Mother whales will try
to keep their newborns close,
620
00:45:11,639 --> 00:45:14,781
but tigers are clever and stealthy.
621
00:45:14,884 --> 00:45:21,477
♪
622
00:45:21,546 --> 00:45:25,895
And, while adult whales can
submerge for close to an hour...
623
00:45:25,964 --> 00:45:28,173
♪
624
00:45:28,311 --> 00:45:30,003
...little calves must surface
625
00:45:30,141 --> 00:45:32,143
every few minutes to breathe.
626
00:45:32,281 --> 00:45:40,116
♪
627
00:45:40,220 --> 00:45:42,843
This is when they are most in danger.
628
00:45:42,981 --> 00:45:50,299
♪
629
00:45:50,402 --> 00:45:54,165
Many survivors show terrible
scars from shark attacks.
630
00:45:54,268 --> 00:45:56,926
♪
631
00:45:57,064 --> 00:45:58,756
In just a few months,
632
00:45:58,894 --> 00:46:01,759
they'll be too large for the
sharks to even consider.
633
00:46:01,897 --> 00:46:11,423
♪
634
00:46:11,527 --> 00:46:15,531
But, until then, the tigers
will actively hunt them.
635
00:46:15,634 --> 00:46:23,884
♪
636
00:46:24,022 --> 00:46:26,024
♪
637
00:46:26,128 --> 00:46:29,372
When the predator sees an opportunity,
638
00:46:29,476 --> 00:46:31,133
it moves in for the kill.
639
00:46:31,271 --> 00:46:40,590
♪
640
00:46:40,728 --> 00:46:42,903
Still, even newborn calves
641
00:46:43,007 --> 00:46:45,837
are roughly the same size as tiger sharks,
642
00:46:45,941 --> 00:46:46,976
and a challenge.
643
00:46:47,045 --> 00:46:54,259
♪
644
00:46:54,363 --> 00:46:57,815
Today, this one escapes a gruesome fate.
645
00:46:57,884 --> 00:47:03,475
♪
646
00:47:03,544 --> 00:47:07,617
Hundreds of humpback calves
are born in Hawaii every winter
647
00:47:07,721 --> 00:47:09,688
and not all will be so lucky.
648
00:47:09,757 --> 00:47:13,071
♪
649
00:47:13,175 --> 00:47:15,418
Those that escape the fearsome jaws
650
00:47:15,522 --> 00:47:17,731
will migrate north with their pod.
651
00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:25,877
♪
652
00:47:26,015 --> 00:47:31,193
♪
653
00:47:31,296 --> 00:47:34,886
Foiled for now, the tiger shark smells
654
00:47:34,990 --> 00:47:37,958
the equivalent
of an underwater dinner bell.
655
00:47:38,096 --> 00:47:41,134
♪
656
00:47:43,550 --> 00:47:45,552
It's ringing 80 miles away,
657
00:47:45,690 --> 00:47:48,106
along the coast of the Big Island,
658
00:47:48,210 --> 00:47:52,145
announcing a dead sperm whale
still afloat offshore.
659
00:47:55,182 --> 00:48:00,498
♪
660
00:48:00,636 --> 00:48:03,881
One hundred thousand pounds
of nutritious flesh
661
00:48:03,984 --> 00:48:05,261
won't go to waste.
662
00:48:05,399 --> 00:48:07,608
♪
663
00:48:07,712 --> 00:48:11,095
We don't know how, or why, it died,
664
00:48:11,164 --> 00:48:13,442
but internal gases have kept the carcass
665
00:48:13,545 --> 00:48:15,306
from sinking into the abyss.
666
00:48:15,409 --> 00:48:17,342
♪
667
00:48:17,411 --> 00:48:19,827
Blubber is a calorie bomb
668
00:48:19,931 --> 00:48:23,383
and nature has dropped it
into shark-filled waters.
669
00:48:23,521 --> 00:48:29,872
♪
670
00:48:30,010 --> 00:48:35,222
♪
671
00:48:35,291 --> 00:48:38,225
Resident tigers will continue to gather
672
00:48:38,294 --> 00:48:40,883
because there is plenty to go around,
673
00:48:40,987 --> 00:48:41,988
for days.
674
00:48:42,091 --> 00:48:46,682
♪
675
00:48:46,785 --> 00:48:50,306
It's a leisurely feast,
rare in the ocean realm.
676
00:48:50,375 --> 00:48:59,937
♪
677
00:49:00,040 --> 00:49:09,912
♪
678
00:49:10,050 --> 00:49:13,019
♪
679
00:49:13,122 --> 00:49:17,368
The 50-foot leviathan is slowly devoured
680
00:49:17,506 --> 00:49:21,717
as the tigers search for the
softest places to feed on first.
681
00:49:21,820 --> 00:49:29,967
♪
682
00:49:30,036 --> 00:49:39,977
♪
683
00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:49,952
♪
684
00:49:50,090 --> 00:49:59,997
♪
685
00:50:00,100 --> 00:50:07,142
♪
686
00:50:07,245 --> 00:50:10,145
Then, an out-of-towner arrives.
687
00:50:10,248 --> 00:50:13,286
♪
688
00:50:13,424 --> 00:50:16,530
She's not a frequent flier to Hawaii,
689
00:50:16,668 --> 00:50:18,670
but she's not a stranger, either.
690
00:50:18,774 --> 00:50:21,294
♪
691
00:50:21,397 --> 00:50:24,331
She's a well-known great white female
692
00:50:24,469 --> 00:50:26,816
that goes by the name Deep Blue.
693
00:50:26,920 --> 00:50:31,166
♪
694
00:50:31,304 --> 00:50:34,997
She's one of the largest
white sharks ever seen,
695
00:50:35,135 --> 00:50:37,793
weighing at least 2.5 tons,
696
00:50:37,931 --> 00:50:39,829
over 8 feet tall
697
00:50:39,967 --> 00:50:41,417
and 20 feet long.
698
00:50:41,521 --> 00:50:43,695
♪
699
00:50:43,833 --> 00:50:46,250
She often hangs around Guadalupe Island,
700
00:50:46,353 --> 00:50:47,872
in Mexico,
701
00:50:47,975 --> 00:50:50,840
but this is the first time
she's been seen here.
702
00:50:50,909 --> 00:50:58,641
♪
703
00:50:58,745 --> 00:51:02,231
And, now, she is so intimidating,
704
00:51:02,335 --> 00:51:05,131
she gets the whale carcass to herself.
705
00:51:05,200 --> 00:51:14,001
♪
706
00:51:14,105 --> 00:51:22,009
♪
707
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,805
♪
708
00:51:24,909 --> 00:51:29,258
No one knows why she's traveled
all the way to Hawaii,
709
00:51:29,327 --> 00:51:31,916
but she appears to be pregnant.
710
00:51:32,054 --> 00:51:34,505
Perhaps she, too, is searching
711
00:51:34,574 --> 00:51:36,783
for the perfect place to give birth.
712
00:51:36,921 --> 00:51:44,998
♪
713
00:51:45,136 --> 00:51:49,865
In this place of battle
714
00:51:50,003 --> 00:51:52,074
and beauty,
715
00:51:52,212 --> 00:51:56,216
among the violent volcanoes
716
00:51:56,285 --> 00:52:00,082
and vibrant coral reefs,
717
00:52:00,186 --> 00:52:03,154
so many sharks have made
Hawaii their home.
718
00:52:03,292 --> 00:52:06,571
♪
719
00:52:06,675 --> 00:52:09,712
Perhaps the most formidable of all,
720
00:52:09,816 --> 00:52:11,300
the great white,
721
00:52:11,369 --> 00:52:13,647
will find paradise here, too.
722
00:52:13,751 --> 00:52:16,305
♪
723
00:52:17,927 --> 00:52:27,867
♪
724
00:52:27,868 --> 00:52:37,878
♪
725
00:52:37,913 --> 00:52:47,888
♪
726
00:52:47,923 --> 00:52:50,305
♪
727
00:52:50,339 --> 00:52:53,687
♪
728
00:52:53,722 --> 00:52:56,033
♪
729
00:52:56,034 --> 00:53:04,802
♪