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H'GIdjwCj5ބ=^4ե CY2k̍vsqD82V fvzڽ)_#.6KwB#ץ$ʭ:Sai Ӎud" 444}}C h؏ pq+1Hz-iZnB2w|u ș6GXF[*(SQX\F됔29mlMiCɶHzX1йe/Bs tAόmO-⛗ W &-x4u8d2rǎ>'4)2f_;]X@;Ƙv.AZ/o1bp@]qVuaU5>HGYyTGistQc(%<. un @_=r]9 -$քCZ3|.qZ7tFi|xӶߥNyAT9 fJ`>iX !cjZwz2GP 42c r3 đrz凁:>l*=-nОc֤jK&0.:gXk^Ob}gBx鲃?99`{=9^ew:򐒄qbbN~ P"֟֨Cfk2qҭ\ 2;Պ'Nm/8W SȪlB0WnB%:=BIPZ[yw- {29;% ȑ*Gpn])0zD˄v?ހEc:`3<(g<(: ղ}l|CItC ѡk\aZhӕ*s\F{X3(?X7*CSKح2 =D,VBtPvN-g 7w;^d3 ޹{ (v ơ婍t@A͋!ZjjezSw>u2B>eIzQ|EQ@MdNekqF4XjRN;n!5:13:05,470 --> 01:13:08,507 bitter vitriol against fellow Jews. 1749 01:13:08,507 --> 01:13:11,910 - Now keep in mind that although Matthew is a Jew 1750 01:13:11,910 --> 01:13:15,200 and he's writing for a community of Jewish Christians, 1751 01:13:15,200 --> 01:13:17,403 they're an extremely fringe, sect, 1752 01:13:17,403 --> 01:13:21,620 kind of like the way that Catholics view Mormons today. 1753 01:13:21,620 --> 01:13:24,380 And he's writing 10 or 20 years 1754 01:13:24,380 --> 01:13:27,020 after this big Jewish Roman war, 1755 01:13:27,020 --> 01:13:31,110 so Jews are probably pretty unpopular across the empire. 1756 01:13:31,110 --> 01:13:34,260 And the Jesus Jews, wanna distance themselves 1757 01:13:34,260 --> 01:13:37,080 from the traditional Jews as much as possible 1758 01:13:37,080 --> 01:13:38,430 for political reasons. 1759 01:13:38,430 --> 01:13:42,670 And Matthew just like Mark and Paul before him, 1760 01:13:42,670 --> 01:13:44,480 believes that the end of the world 1761 01:13:44,480 --> 01:13:46,268 is gonna happen very soon. 1762 01:13:46,268 --> 01:13:49,708 (clock ticking) 1763 01:13:49,708 --> 01:13:52,700 But keep in mind by the time he's writing, 1764 01:13:52,700 --> 01:13:56,510 most of those original disciples are probably dead 1765 01:13:56,510 --> 01:14:00,749 and yet there's still no sign of Jesus. 1766 01:14:00,749 --> 01:14:04,499 (amusing instrumental music) 1767 01:14:06,090 --> 01:14:07,370 According to most scholars, 1768 01:14:07,370 --> 01:14:09,620 the next Gospel to be written is Luke. 1769 01:14:09,620 --> 01:14:14,590 Written somewhere between 10 and 30 years after Matthew. 1770 01:14:14,590 --> 01:14:17,940 Luke, by the way also wrote the Acts of the Apostles, 1771 01:14:17,940 --> 01:14:21,120 which is kind of a sequel to the Gospels. 1772 01:14:21,120 --> 01:14:24,110 - Luke's writing, I think this really big epic narrative. 1773 01:14:24,110 --> 01:14:25,840 He wants to tell the story of Jesus 1774 01:14:25,840 --> 01:14:28,160 and the story of the early church. 1775 01:14:28,160 --> 01:14:30,650 Luke, according to tradition, 1776 01:14:30,650 --> 01:14:33,290 was a traveling companion of Paul. 1777 01:14:33,290 --> 01:14:36,150 He was a Gentile, a physician, 1778 01:14:36,150 --> 01:14:37,830 a doctor in the ancient world. 1779 01:14:37,830 --> 01:14:38,663 So he was definitely a, 1780 01:14:38,663 --> 01:14:41,500 what we would call a second generation Christian. 1781 01:14:41,500 --> 01:14:45,020 - He says, this is the stuff that was handed on to us 1782 01:14:45,020 --> 01:14:47,120 and written down by earlier generations. 1783 01:14:47,120 --> 01:14:49,730 And I'm, working with it myself. 1784 01:14:49,730 --> 01:14:52,050 - In reality, we know he's not using oral 1785 01:14:52,050 --> 01:14:56,110 or we know he's using the previous books, Mark and Matthew. 1786 01:14:56,110 --> 01:14:58,850 So yeah, so the traditional attributions 1787 01:14:58,850 --> 01:15:01,000 are clearly late legend, 1788 01:15:01,000 --> 01:15:03,480 and mainstream scholarship has long since realized that 1789 01:15:03,480 --> 01:15:05,530 and gotten off that wagon. 1790 01:15:05,530 --> 01:15:07,530 - Acts of the Apostles, Luke's account 1791 01:15:07,530 --> 01:15:10,360 of what happened after Jesus died, 1792 01:15:10,360 --> 01:15:14,240 tries to white wash all of this tension 1793 01:15:14,240 --> 01:15:18,220 and conflict that obviously existed 1794 01:15:18,220 --> 01:15:21,210 between Paul and the original Jesus gang. 1795 01:15:21,210 --> 01:15:23,660 - Luke undoubtedly is trying to present 1796 01:15:23,660 --> 01:15:27,330 an idealized account of the early Christian community. 1797 01:15:27,330 --> 01:15:29,670 Certainly at the end of Acts, chapter two, 1798 01:15:29,670 --> 01:15:32,320 you've got everyone gathered around the apostles teaching, 1799 01:15:32,320 --> 01:15:34,440 breaking bread, worshiping God, 1800 01:15:34,440 --> 01:15:36,480 finding favor of God and all the people. 1801 01:15:36,480 --> 01:15:38,760 So it's definitely an idealized account. 1802 01:15:38,760 --> 01:15:41,880 - All of the anger, tension and bribery 1803 01:15:41,880 --> 01:15:43,780 that we see in Paul's letters, 1804 01:15:43,780 --> 01:15:47,630 either disappears in Luke or gets toned down. 1805 01:15:47,630 --> 01:15:48,960 It's kind of like he's saying, 1806 01:15:48,960 --> 01:15:52,800 Oh, it was no where near as bad as you've probably heard. 1807 01:15:52,800 --> 01:15:56,110 - So I think he does try to paint generally, 1808 01:15:56,110 --> 01:15:58,140 a rosy picture of it. 1809 01:15:58,140 --> 01:16:01,290 But it's certainly not a complete white wash, 1810 01:16:01,290 --> 01:16:05,590 he does include some instances of division and differences. 1811 01:16:05,590 --> 01:16:08,440 And I mean he does portray Paul as quite a hothead. 1812 01:16:08,440 --> 01:16:10,720 - By the time Luke's writing Acts 1813 01:16:10,720 --> 01:16:12,860 towards the end of the first century, 1814 01:16:12,860 --> 01:16:13,693 the Paul line community, 1815 01:16:13,693 --> 01:16:17,290 had tried to strengthen their credentials. 1816 01:16:17,290 --> 01:16:19,590 Trying to solidify their connection 1817 01:16:19,590 --> 01:16:21,690 to the original founders, Peter and James 1818 01:16:21,690 --> 01:16:24,400 who were probably dead at this stage. 1819 01:16:24,400 --> 01:16:27,040 Their community is pretty much wiped out 1820 01:16:27,040 --> 01:16:29,300 and so they can't fight back. 1821 01:16:29,300 --> 01:16:32,600 Winners get to write the history. 1822 01:16:32,600 --> 01:16:37,600 All in all, Luke's not a very credible historical source. 1823 01:16:37,740 --> 01:16:41,890 And Luke just like Matthew, Mark, and Paul before him 1824 01:16:41,890 --> 01:16:43,460 believes the end of the world 1825 01:16:43,460 --> 01:16:45,532 is gonna happen anytime soon. 1826 01:16:45,532 --> 01:16:48,267 (clock ticking) 1827 01:16:48,267 --> 01:16:49,307 - [Narrator] "Truly, I tell you, 1828 01:16:49,307 --> 01:16:51,590 "this generation will not pass away 1829 01:16:51,590 --> 01:16:55,733 until all these things are fulfilled." Luke 21:32. 1830 01:17:00,770 --> 01:17:02,770 - The last of the full Gospels to be written 1831 01:17:02,770 --> 01:17:07,770 is John, probably written around 100 or 110 CE. 1832 01:17:08,460 --> 01:17:10,370 Compared to the other three. 1833 01:17:10,370 --> 01:17:12,353 - John is different. 1834 01:17:12,353 --> 01:17:13,186 Think of it this way. 1835 01:17:13,186 --> 01:17:14,410 The synoptic Gospels. 1836 01:17:14,410 --> 01:17:16,530 - [Narrator] The Gospels of Mark Matthew and Luke 1837 01:17:16,530 --> 01:17:17,810 are called synoptic, 1838 01:17:17,810 --> 01:17:20,873 which means they share a common vision of Jesus. 1839 01:17:22,250 --> 01:17:25,150 - New York, LA, Chicago. 1840 01:17:25,150 --> 01:17:29,000 John is basically New Orleans, okay. 1841 01:17:29,000 --> 01:17:32,690 He's just, he's doing something very different down there. 1842 01:17:32,690 --> 01:17:36,050 - With John, this whole thing is so obviously 1843 01:17:36,050 --> 01:17:37,810 a literary creation. 1844 01:17:37,810 --> 01:17:39,620 Jesus in the Gospel of John, 1845 01:17:39,620 --> 01:17:42,570 does not sound like he does in the other Gospels 1846 01:17:42,570 --> 01:17:45,670 and, all the characters in John sound the same way, 1847 01:17:45,670 --> 01:17:47,590 like you're watching a Woody Allen movie, 1848 01:17:47,590 --> 01:17:49,750 everybody's talking like Woody Allen. 1849 01:17:49,750 --> 01:17:51,830 And its, 'cause he wrote everybody's part. 1850 01:17:51,830 --> 01:17:56,830 And, and it's obvious this is not anybody's recollection. 1851 01:17:57,930 --> 01:17:59,060 - Instead of telling everyone 1852 01:17:59,060 --> 01:18:02,410 to keep the stories about his miracles, a big secret. 1853 01:18:02,410 --> 01:18:04,277 - He might as well have on a t-shirt, 1854 01:18:04,277 --> 01:18:06,200 "I am God," written in big letters 1855 01:18:06,200 --> 01:18:07,033 and you have to wonder 1856 01:18:07,033 --> 01:18:09,090 well, didn't they have blasphemy laws then, 1857 01:18:09,090 --> 01:18:11,947 why wasn't he stoned to death five minutes out of the gate? 1858 01:18:11,947 --> 01:18:13,797 - [Narrator] "The woman saith unto him, 1859 01:18:13,797 --> 01:18:15,447 "I know that Messiah cometh 1860 01:18:15,447 --> 01:18:17,377 "He, that is called Christ. 1861 01:18:17,377 --> 01:18:21,097 "When he is come, he will declare unto us all things. 1862 01:18:21,097 --> 01:18:22,867 "Jesus saith unto her, 1863 01:18:22,867 --> 01:18:27,867 "I that speak unto thee am He," John 4:25. 1864 01:18:28,567 --> 01:18:32,800 "I and my Father are one," John 10:30. 1865 01:18:32,800 --> 01:18:35,870 - John's Gospel contains no parables, 1866 01:18:35,870 --> 01:18:37,260 no last supper, 1867 01:18:37,260 --> 01:18:39,530 no sermon on the Mount. 1868 01:18:39,530 --> 01:18:41,070 But it's the only one 1869 01:18:41,070 --> 01:18:44,380 with Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead. 1870 01:18:44,380 --> 01:18:48,970 And it's the most antisemitic of the Gospels. 1871 01:18:48,970 --> 01:18:50,620 As for the second coming, 1872 01:18:50,620 --> 01:18:53,270 as far as John's concerned, 1873 01:18:53,270 --> 01:18:54,984 it's happening right now. 1874 01:18:54,984 --> 01:18:58,206 (clock ticking) 1875 01:18:58,206 --> 01:19:01,956 (amusing instrumental music) 1876 01:19:10,740 --> 01:19:14,580 Why is John so different from the other three Gospels? 1877 01:19:14,580 --> 01:19:15,970 No one really knows, 1878 01:19:15,970 --> 01:19:17,250 but if we look at Paul 1879 01:19:17,250 --> 01:19:19,810 and the four Gospels in chronological order, 1880 01:19:19,810 --> 01:19:24,330 we can kind of see how the Jesus story evolved over time. 1881 01:19:24,330 --> 01:19:27,090 In Paul, he doesn't do any miracles 1882 01:19:27,090 --> 01:19:29,650 and become special after he died. 1883 01:19:29,650 --> 01:19:31,370 In Mark, he becomes special 1884 01:19:31,370 --> 01:19:33,000 when a bird lands on him, 1885 01:19:33,000 --> 01:19:35,980 walks around being a secret miracle worker 1886 01:19:35,980 --> 01:19:38,990 whose body disappears from a cave. 1887 01:19:38,990 --> 01:19:42,670 Matthew and Luke making the product of the divine pregnancy 1888 01:19:42,670 --> 01:19:44,690 who comes back from the dead 1889 01:19:44,690 --> 01:19:49,240 and in John he's proudly out of the God closets. 1890 01:19:49,240 --> 01:19:52,230 But if you think the variation in these stories is strange, 1891 01:19:52,230 --> 01:19:53,340 wait till you see the stories 1892 01:19:53,340 --> 01:19:56,026 that didn't even make it into the Bible? 1893 01:19:56,026 --> 01:19:59,693 (gentle instrumental music) 1894 01:20:01,080 --> 01:20:04,910 - So one of the things that many Christians don't know, 1895 01:20:04,910 --> 01:20:08,000 is that in addition to the four canonical Gospels 1896 01:20:08,000 --> 01:20:12,920 there's a number of other early Christian Gospels out there. 1897 01:20:12,920 --> 01:20:15,803 - [Narrator] Canonical means approved by the Vatican. 1898 01:20:17,230 --> 01:20:18,460 - In the early centuries, 1899 01:20:18,460 --> 01:20:21,420 there were some fairly significant Christian factions. 1900 01:20:21,420 --> 01:20:24,377 The Ebionites, the Marcionites and the Gnostics. 1901 01:20:24,377 --> 01:20:29,377 And they all had pretty different ideas about who Jesus was. 1902 01:20:29,660 --> 01:20:31,860 Their Gospels were all destroyed 1903 01:20:31,860 --> 01:20:35,900 by Imperial decree, around 400 CE. 1904 01:20:35,900 --> 01:20:38,050 However. - One suspects, 1905 01:20:38,050 --> 01:20:40,620 that some monk in upper Egypt 1906 01:20:40,620 --> 01:20:45,500 decided I can't do this to, 1907 01:20:45,500 --> 01:20:47,280 I've spent my entire life writing them out 1908 01:20:47,280 --> 01:20:49,463 for example, I can't do this to that. 1909 01:20:50,540 --> 01:20:52,400 So I'm gonna gather them up 1910 01:20:52,400 --> 01:20:53,780 and put them away safely 1911 01:20:53,780 --> 01:20:55,700 and say that they're destroyed, whatever. 1912 01:20:55,700 --> 01:20:58,230 - But the wonderful thing that happened in 1945, 1913 01:20:58,230 --> 01:21:02,120 is there was the discovery of 12 codices, 1914 01:21:02,120 --> 01:21:04,830 12 ancient leather books 1915 01:21:04,830 --> 01:21:08,230 found in a jar in Nag Hammadi in Egypt. 1916 01:21:08,230 --> 01:21:11,520 - Some of them and the ones that I love the most 1917 01:21:11,520 --> 01:21:13,100 are infancy Gospels. 1918 01:21:13,100 --> 01:21:16,470 So stories about Jesus' birth and childhood. 1919 01:21:16,470 --> 01:21:18,830 And one of the most interesting of these, 1920 01:21:18,830 --> 01:21:20,740 is a text that is generally known 1921 01:21:20,740 --> 01:21:23,070 as the infancy Gospel of Thomas. 1922 01:21:23,070 --> 01:21:25,100 And what this text seeks to do 1923 01:21:25,100 --> 01:21:30,100 is say, what would Jesus have been like as a child. 1924 01:21:30,490 --> 01:21:32,250 If he's a divine being, 1925 01:21:32,250 --> 01:21:33,890 which this text believes him to be, 1926 01:21:33,890 --> 01:21:36,629 if he's a divine being from the beginning, 1927 01:21:36,629 --> 01:21:39,730 he's got all this miraculous power. 1928 01:21:39,730 --> 01:21:41,130 What does he actually, 1929 01:21:41,130 --> 01:21:44,290 what does a kid like that look like? 1930 01:21:44,290 --> 01:21:46,360 According to the infancy Gospel of Thomas, 1931 01:21:46,360 --> 01:21:47,920 it's not a pretty picture. 1932 01:21:47,920 --> 01:21:49,530 - It's Jesus, the bot Simpson 1933 01:21:49,530 --> 01:21:51,760 of the kind of the early Christian world. 1934 01:21:51,760 --> 01:21:53,050 He's really a brat. 1935 01:21:53,050 --> 01:21:55,160 - One story in the infancy Gospel of Thomas 1936 01:21:55,160 --> 01:21:57,070 says that when Jesus was five years old, 1937 01:21:57,070 --> 01:21:58,750 he was sitting by a pool of water 1938 01:21:58,750 --> 01:22:01,870 making clay sparrows which were coming to life 1939 01:22:01,870 --> 01:22:03,457 and when another kid came 1940 01:22:03,457 --> 01:22:05,560 and messed with his pool of water, 1941 01:22:05,560 --> 01:22:09,023 Jesus cursed him and he withered up and died. 1942 01:22:10,060 --> 01:22:12,490 He's basically a little super villain. 1943 01:22:12,490 --> 01:22:13,930 - Yeah, I'd say so, 1944 01:22:13,930 --> 01:22:17,530 because he essentially gets angry 1945 01:22:17,530 --> 01:22:19,100 at a number of his playmates 1946 01:22:19,100 --> 01:22:22,020 for different things and kills them. 1947 01:22:22,020 --> 01:22:24,900 And so he kills one playmate, 1948 01:22:24,900 --> 01:22:26,510 he kills another playmate. 1949 01:22:26,510 --> 01:22:30,770 Then the villagers start to complain 1950 01:22:30,770 --> 01:22:31,730 to Mary and Joseph. 1951 01:22:31,730 --> 01:22:34,750 - What's kid Jesus' response to all this? 1952 01:22:34,750 --> 01:22:37,913 He makes his accusers go blind. 1953 01:22:39,175 --> 01:22:40,497 (child zapping) - Oh what the? 1954 01:22:40,497 --> 01:22:41,937 (child zapping) (mumbling) 1955 01:22:41,937 --> 01:22:42,770 (child zapping) Oh I can't see 1956 01:22:42,770 --> 01:22:44,270 (child zapping) What's going on? 1957 01:22:44,270 --> 01:22:45,537 - Why, why would you do (people mumbling) 1958 01:22:45,537 --> 01:22:49,740 - As Ron Burgundy says, "That escalated rather quickly." 1959 01:22:49,740 --> 01:22:52,840 So it's a fascinating story 1960 01:22:52,840 --> 01:22:57,360 and yet, if we think that the story is saying, 1961 01:22:57,360 --> 01:22:59,130 Oh, Jesus had these sort of, 1962 01:22:59,130 --> 01:23:02,440 immature things that he had to work out of his system. 1963 01:23:02,440 --> 01:23:03,410 I don't think that's what 1964 01:23:03,410 --> 01:23:05,610 the Infancy Gospel of Thomas is saying. 1965 01:23:05,610 --> 01:23:08,250 It's essentially saying that's who Jesus is. 1966 01:23:08,250 --> 01:23:10,570 He's got all the power of God 1967 01:23:10,570 --> 01:23:13,870 and if people are jerks to him, 1968 01:23:13,870 --> 01:23:16,550 he can strike them dead. 1969 01:23:16,550 --> 01:23:19,870 This is how they viewed Jesus, 1970 01:23:19,870 --> 01:23:22,670 weird and upsetting to us as it seems to be. 1971 01:23:22,670 --> 01:23:25,760 And I love, I love Joseph's instructions to Mary 1972 01:23:25,760 --> 01:23:27,100 after all of this has happened. 1973 01:23:27,100 --> 01:23:30,500 He takes Jesus, puts him in their house 1974 01:23:30,500 --> 01:23:32,660 and tells Mary don't let him outside 1975 01:23:32,660 --> 01:23:35,290 because those who annoy him end up dead. 1976 01:23:35,290 --> 01:23:36,300 - Oh, you might think, 1977 01:23:36,300 --> 01:23:38,440 well, that's an unbelievable story. 1978 01:23:38,440 --> 01:23:40,880 No wonder if didn't end up in the Bible, 1979 01:23:40,880 --> 01:23:42,410 but is it any crazier 1980 01:23:42,410 --> 01:23:44,890 than stories about walking on water 1981 01:23:44,890 --> 01:23:47,240 or turning water into wine 1982 01:23:47,240 --> 01:23:49,390 or raising people from the dead 1983 01:23:49,390 --> 01:23:52,970 or zapping demons into a herd of pigs. 1984 01:23:52,970 --> 01:23:56,710 Why do we say these magic stories are crazy, 1985 01:23:56,710 --> 01:23:58,750 but these other stories about magic, 1986 01:23:58,750 --> 01:24:00,410 well, they're just fine and dandy. 1987 01:24:00,410 --> 01:24:03,730 Back then, they were arguing over what Jesus was, 1988 01:24:03,730 --> 01:24:05,000 who he was. 1989 01:24:05,000 --> 01:24:06,970 What was his relationship to God, 1990 01:24:06,970 --> 01:24:09,130 all the controversies about Christology. 1991 01:24:09,130 --> 01:24:11,230 And this included of course, 1992 01:24:11,230 --> 01:24:13,500 whether Jesus was even a human being. 1993 01:24:13,500 --> 01:24:15,490 - Just a really interesting human being 1994 01:24:15,490 --> 01:24:18,200 who somehow became possessed by God. 1995 01:24:18,200 --> 01:24:19,940 Others thought he was an angel, 1996 01:24:19,940 --> 01:24:23,090 still others thought he was part of God. 1997 01:24:23,090 --> 01:24:25,110 Still others thought he was just a good teacher. 1998 01:24:25,110 --> 01:24:26,060 They didn't know. 1999 01:24:26,060 --> 01:24:28,900 - One of the really big early Christian factions 2000 01:24:28,900 --> 01:24:32,440 the Ebionites, might've closely resembled 2001 01:24:32,440 --> 01:24:34,830 the original Christians, team Peter. 2002 01:24:34,830 --> 01:24:37,910 - The Ebionites again, that means the poor, 2003 01:24:37,910 --> 01:24:39,560 they claim to be the descendants 2004 01:24:39,560 --> 01:24:42,600 of the Jerusalem Christians, maybe they were. 2005 01:24:42,600 --> 01:24:44,820 - To be a true Christian, 2006 01:24:44,820 --> 01:24:47,160 you had to obey the Jewish law. 2007 01:24:47,160 --> 01:24:48,880 They seem to have denied 2008 01:24:48,880 --> 01:24:50,680 the idea of the virgin birth 2009 01:24:50,680 --> 01:24:53,100 and they had a kind of Gospel, 2010 01:24:53,100 --> 01:24:58,040 that sounds very much like a Jewish Christian Gospel. 2011 01:24:58,040 --> 01:25:00,460 Maybe one of the earliest forms of the Gospel. 2012 01:25:00,460 --> 01:25:02,700 - We have people who were following Jewish law, 2013 01:25:02,700 --> 01:25:04,440 honoring the Sabbath on Saturday 2014 01:25:04,440 --> 01:25:05,590 and keeping it Holy. 2015 01:25:05,590 --> 01:25:07,110 Circumcising their kids, 2016 01:25:07,110 --> 01:25:08,730 and they're worshiping Jesus. 2017 01:25:08,730 --> 01:25:11,900 - The Ebionites declared Paul a heretic. 2018 01:25:11,900 --> 01:25:13,590 On the other hand, 2019 01:25:13,590 --> 01:25:15,360 another one of the major early factions 2020 01:25:15,360 --> 01:25:17,760 the Marcionites loved Paul, 2021 01:25:17,760 --> 01:25:19,347 but really hated Judaism. 2022 01:25:19,347 --> 01:25:20,976 - The Marciones said 2023 01:25:20,976 --> 01:25:25,976 that Jesus had come from a different God, 2024 01:25:26,000 --> 01:25:28,920 not the Hebrew God, not the creator God, 2025 01:25:28,920 --> 01:25:30,910 not the Torah giving God. 2026 01:25:30,910 --> 01:25:32,760 - The God of the Old Testament. 2027 01:25:32,760 --> 01:25:34,149 So the God of the old Testament 2028 01:25:34,149 --> 01:25:37,720 was a wicked God who made the world. 2029 01:25:37,720 --> 01:25:39,710 I mean, that's why the world was so messed up. 2030 01:25:39,710 --> 01:25:42,700 - The Gnostics claimed to have a special teaching 2031 01:25:42,700 --> 01:25:45,890 from Jesus that only they knew about. 2032 01:25:45,890 --> 01:25:47,560 - Well, the word Gnostic really means 2033 01:25:47,560 --> 01:25:49,420 somebody who's claiming to have knowledge. 2034 01:25:49,420 --> 01:25:50,320 - But it's basically, 2035 01:25:50,320 --> 01:25:54,710 the idea that this world is bad and wicked 2036 01:25:54,710 --> 01:25:56,450 and we have to get away from it. 2037 01:25:56,450 --> 01:25:58,490 And getting a certain secret knowledge 2038 01:25:58,490 --> 01:26:00,220 of the universes origins 2039 01:26:00,220 --> 01:26:01,672 and your own cosmic origins 2040 01:26:01,672 --> 01:26:03,550 is how you get away from all. 2041 01:26:03,550 --> 01:26:05,380 - So why didn't all of those Gospels 2042 01:26:05,380 --> 01:26:06,590 make it into the Bible? 2043 01:26:06,590 --> 01:26:08,310 Well, a common Christian view 2044 01:26:08,310 --> 01:26:09,420 is that the ones that made it in 2045 01:26:09,420 --> 01:26:11,550 were the real stories, 2046 01:26:11,550 --> 01:26:12,900 and the ones that didn't, 2047 01:26:12,900 --> 01:26:14,730 were just made up. 2048 01:26:14,730 --> 01:26:19,550 - Well, when it comes to the stories of Jesus' birth 2049 01:26:19,550 --> 01:26:22,260 and childhood, it's all made up. 2050 01:26:22,260 --> 01:26:26,830 If you talk to most New Testament scholars 2051 01:26:26,830 --> 01:26:28,480 about the infancy narratives, 2052 01:26:28,480 --> 01:26:32,180 the Christmas story in Matthew's Gospel and Luke's Gospel, 2053 01:26:32,180 --> 01:26:36,130 they'll say, there's not much historical basis 2054 01:26:36,130 --> 01:26:37,260 behind any of that. 2055 01:26:37,260 --> 01:26:39,030 There's no census, 2056 01:26:39,030 --> 01:26:41,210 there's no slaughter of the innocence by Herod, 2057 01:26:41,210 --> 01:26:43,437 there's no star of Bethlehem, no wise men. 2058 01:26:43,437 --> 01:26:45,820 Jesus probably was not born in Bethlehem, 2059 01:26:45,820 --> 01:26:47,830 he was probably born in Nazareth. 2060 01:26:47,830 --> 01:26:50,240 Those stories are all propaganda 2061 01:26:50,240 --> 01:26:51,950 that are designed on the one hand 2062 01:26:51,950 --> 01:26:54,890 to present Jesus as a divine being 2063 01:26:54,890 --> 01:26:56,150 from the moment of his birth 2064 01:26:56,150 --> 01:26:57,330 and also to say, 2065 01:26:57,330 --> 01:27:00,100 he can fit the qualifications for a Messiah 2066 01:27:00,100 --> 01:27:02,300 because he's born in the city of David. 2067 01:27:02,300 --> 01:27:03,710 - Of course, all of these factions 2068 01:27:03,710 --> 01:27:06,100 believe that their version of Christianity 2069 01:27:06,100 --> 01:27:07,680 was the correct one. 2070 01:27:07,680 --> 01:27:09,900 Just like they all do today. 2071 01:27:09,900 --> 01:27:12,170 - There are many different Christianity's today. 2072 01:27:12,170 --> 01:27:14,765 There were many different Christianity's back then. 2073 01:27:14,765 --> 01:27:18,432 (gentle instrumental music) 2074 01:27:20,740 --> 01:27:23,530 - Eventually team Paul sold there soul 2075 01:27:23,530 --> 01:27:27,070 to the first Christian emperor, Constantine, 2076 01:27:27,070 --> 01:27:31,790 who fought his way to power in the year 305 CE. 2077 01:27:31,790 --> 01:27:34,970 According to his contemporary Bishop Eusebius, 2078 01:27:34,970 --> 01:27:38,640 the so-called father of church history, 2079 01:27:38,640 --> 01:27:41,730 Jesus appeared to Constantine in a vision 2080 01:27:41,730 --> 01:27:44,200 and said he'd help him defeat his rival 2081 01:27:44,200 --> 01:27:46,990 for the throne in a bloody war. 2082 01:27:46,990 --> 01:27:51,990 Hallelujah, Jesus is finally the warrior King Messiah 2083 01:27:52,560 --> 01:27:55,100 that the Jews had been waiting for. 2084 01:27:55,100 --> 01:27:57,750 According to Christian sources from the time, 2085 01:27:57,750 --> 01:28:00,390 Jesus used his supernatural powers 2086 01:28:00,390 --> 01:28:05,260 to help Constantine kill thousands of Roman citizens 2087 01:28:05,260 --> 01:28:09,510 and consolidate his control over the empire. 2088 01:28:09,510 --> 01:28:10,600 - Winners are grinners. 2089 01:28:10,600 --> 01:28:15,600 And so, because the, a version of Christianity 2090 01:28:16,360 --> 01:28:20,840 secures Imperial supported early in the fourth century. 2091 01:28:20,840 --> 01:28:22,830 They are able to suppress their opponents 2092 01:28:22,830 --> 01:28:24,050 ever more effectively. 2093 01:28:24,050 --> 01:28:27,650 - Once Christianity and Orthodox Christianity 2094 01:28:27,650 --> 01:28:30,130 became the official religion of the empire, 2095 01:28:30,130 --> 01:28:32,241 they had official patronage. 2096 01:28:32,241 --> 01:28:35,550 You then could use Imperial power 2097 01:28:35,550 --> 01:28:37,690 to put the thumbscrews down 2098 01:28:37,690 --> 01:28:39,810 on any dissident Christian groups. 2099 01:28:39,810 --> 01:28:42,080 - The final selection of books 2100 01:28:42,080 --> 01:28:43,350 that made it into the Bible, 2101 01:28:43,350 --> 01:28:48,240 wasn't actually decided upon until 400 CE. 2102 01:28:48,240 --> 01:28:51,420 It seems like a number of competing Christian factions 2103 01:28:51,420 --> 01:28:54,840 might have merged into some sort of mega church. 2104 01:28:54,840 --> 01:28:57,330 - Each of these Gospels has a faction behind it. 2105 01:28:57,330 --> 01:28:58,320 There's a lot of people 2106 01:28:58,320 --> 01:29:00,150 like they have their own favorite Gospels. 2107 01:29:00,150 --> 01:29:01,280 It's like everybody has their own favorite 2108 01:29:01,280 --> 01:29:03,220 Harry Potter novel or whatever. 2109 01:29:03,220 --> 01:29:06,080 And so, if you want to win this battle 2110 01:29:06,080 --> 01:29:07,050 for control of the church, 2111 01:29:07,050 --> 01:29:09,260 you want as many people on your side 2112 01:29:09,260 --> 01:29:11,020 to outnumber the other side. 2113 01:29:11,020 --> 01:29:13,090 And the best way to do that, is to pick Gospels 2114 01:29:13,090 --> 01:29:15,180 that had a lot of supporters behind them 2115 01:29:15,180 --> 01:29:16,700 that were not too deviant. 2116 01:29:16,700 --> 01:29:20,600 - The other Gospels were declared fake news. 2117 01:29:20,600 --> 01:29:23,560 - Constantine does not enforce Christianity on everybody. 2118 01:29:23,560 --> 01:29:25,650 Constantine allowed pagan temples to stand 2119 01:29:25,650 --> 01:29:26,620 and pagans to worship, 2120 01:29:26,620 --> 01:29:28,150 and he let Jews be Jews. 2121 01:29:28,150 --> 01:29:30,470 - But he does favor just one Christian faction 2122 01:29:30,470 --> 01:29:32,640 and tries to shut down all the rest. 2123 01:29:32,640 --> 01:29:35,670 And this one faction has no hesitation 2124 01:29:35,670 --> 01:29:37,870 at putting their head of the Roman empire, 2125 01:29:37,870 --> 01:29:39,240 the same Roman empire 2126 01:29:39,240 --> 01:29:42,520 that killed Jesus, Paul, Peter and James 2127 01:29:42,520 --> 01:29:44,780 at the head of their church. 2128 01:29:44,780 --> 01:29:45,750 - And so Constantine, 2129 01:29:45,750 --> 01:29:47,150 I think he treats Christianity 2130 01:29:47,150 --> 01:29:48,930 as any emperor has treated 2131 01:29:48,930 --> 01:29:52,560 any other religious kind of group, 2132 01:29:52,560 --> 01:29:55,570 by saying, well, I'm the head of religion. 2133 01:29:55,570 --> 01:29:57,570 I am the Pontifex Maximus. 2134 01:29:57,570 --> 01:30:00,423 So therefore, I'm the head of this community. 2135 01:30:01,400 --> 01:30:05,150 The Bishop seemed to agree to that 2136 01:30:05,150 --> 01:30:07,580 without much hesitation. 2137 01:30:07,580 --> 01:30:11,290 - Overnight, the persecuted become the persecutors 2138 01:30:12,210 --> 01:30:14,820 and the first group that they persecute, 2139 01:30:14,820 --> 01:30:18,910 are other Christians who they now declare heretics. 2140 01:30:18,910 --> 01:30:22,120 - You're only a heretic if you lose the historical battle. 2141 01:30:22,120 --> 01:30:24,780 And it takes the church about three to 400 years, 2142 01:30:24,780 --> 01:30:27,290 to figure out who's in and who's out. 2143 01:30:27,290 --> 01:30:30,090 - About 50 years after Constantine, 2144 01:30:30,090 --> 01:30:33,000 another Roman emperor, Theodosius 2145 01:30:33,000 --> 01:30:36,020 drove the final nail into the cross 2146 01:30:36,020 --> 01:30:38,010 and made Catholic Christianity, 2147 01:30:38,010 --> 01:30:40,980 the state religion of the empire. 2148 01:30:40,980 --> 01:30:45,373 - So not only are preexisting varieties 2149 01:30:46,380 --> 01:30:48,670 or versions of Christianity wiped out 2150 01:30:48,670 --> 01:30:51,500 or put on a banned list, 2151 01:30:51,500 --> 01:30:53,580 new dissident groups emerge 2152 01:30:53,580 --> 01:30:57,410 and a dealt with this new kind of Imperial authority. 2153 01:30:57,410 --> 01:30:58,980 - Temples were shut down, 2154 01:30:58,980 --> 01:31:01,310 pagan priests if they wanted to keep their job 2155 01:31:01,310 --> 01:31:03,340 became Christian priests. 2156 01:31:03,340 --> 01:31:05,910 Jews had their movements restricted, 2157 01:31:05,910 --> 01:31:07,840 were not allowed to join certain guilds, 2158 01:31:07,840 --> 01:31:10,150 had their synagogues burned down. 2159 01:31:10,150 --> 01:31:12,080 And the empire becomes Christian 2160 01:31:12,080 --> 01:31:13,250 and it remains Christian, 2161 01:31:13,250 --> 01:31:15,580 because of the force of the state 2162 01:31:15,580 --> 01:31:17,183 and the force of the army. 2163 01:31:18,790 --> 01:31:20,640 Was this a good thing or a bad thing? 2164 01:31:21,500 --> 01:31:22,920 It was a thing. 2165 01:31:22,920 --> 01:31:25,650 And it's something we have to deal with. 2166 01:31:25,650 --> 01:31:27,800 - To put a modern perspective on it. 2167 01:31:27,800 --> 01:31:31,960 Imagine that the Scientologists, were able to get Tom cruise 2168 01:31:31,960 --> 01:31:34,090 elected president of the world, 2169 01:31:34,090 --> 01:31:38,723 and he passed a law making Scientology mandatory. 2170 01:31:39,780 --> 01:31:43,770 And that's what team Paul did around about 400 CE. 2171 01:31:43,770 --> 01:31:46,720 The Roman empire became a theocracy, 2172 01:31:46,720 --> 01:31:48,450 not unlike the caliphate 2173 01:31:48,450 --> 01:31:49,850 that ISIS has been trying to set up 2174 01:31:49,850 --> 01:31:52,510 in the middle East in the last few years. 2175 01:31:52,510 --> 01:31:54,560 It's not that hard to be a successful religion 2176 01:31:54,560 --> 01:31:56,990 when you're the only game in town 2177 01:31:56,990 --> 01:32:00,040 and everything else is pretty much outlawed. 2178 01:32:00,040 --> 01:32:01,050 So that's the story 2179 01:32:01,050 --> 01:32:04,350 of how Christianity went from being irrelevant 2180 01:32:04,350 --> 01:32:09,350 to inescapable, but in the words of a different God, 2181 01:32:09,420 --> 01:32:11,943 wait, there's one more thing. 2182 01:32:12,792 --> 01:32:16,375 (happy instrumental music) 2183 01:32:20,510 --> 01:32:23,510 It wasn't that long ago, that most historians believe, 2184 01:32:23,510 --> 01:32:25,930 that the characters in the old Testament 2185 01:32:25,930 --> 01:32:28,850 like Abraham or Moses 2186 01:32:28,850 --> 01:32:31,150 or figures from literary history 2187 01:32:31,150 --> 01:32:36,150 like King Arthur were also based on real people. 2188 01:32:36,400 --> 01:32:39,070 But today, most historians think 2189 01:32:39,070 --> 01:32:42,010 they are completely mythical. 2190 01:32:42,010 --> 01:32:44,923 So what about Jesus? 2191 01:32:44,923 --> 01:32:47,820 - Well, when I started as a historian 2192 01:32:47,820 --> 01:32:50,650 and I was actually quite certain 2193 01:32:50,650 --> 01:32:52,720 that Jesus existed as a historical person, and I thought, 2194 01:32:52,720 --> 01:32:55,070 anyone who suggested otherwise was a crackpot. 2195 01:32:55,070 --> 01:32:57,410 And what happened was, the more I looked at the evidence, 2196 01:32:57,410 --> 01:32:58,350 the worse it looked. 2197 01:32:58,350 --> 01:32:59,570 The more you pull up the threads, 2198 01:32:59,570 --> 01:33:00,710 the more it falls apart. 2199 01:33:00,710 --> 01:33:02,150 And I started to realize by the end of it, 2200 01:33:02,150 --> 01:33:04,250 it's like actually unbalance of evidence 2201 01:33:04,250 --> 01:33:05,760 it looks like it goes the other way. 2202 01:33:05,760 --> 01:33:10,180 - It just seems to me, the weight of probability 2203 01:33:10,180 --> 01:33:12,630 is that there was no Jesus. 2204 01:33:12,630 --> 01:33:14,000 - One thing that struck me 2205 01:33:14,000 --> 01:33:18,320 is just the case for this figure is extremely poor. 2206 01:33:18,320 --> 01:33:22,070 The main sources we have are the Gospels. 2207 01:33:22,070 --> 01:33:25,240 Over time, we found even more reason to doubt the Gospels. 2208 01:33:25,240 --> 01:33:27,490 They're just really, really poor sources. 2209 01:33:27,490 --> 01:33:29,040 They're not what we want. 2210 01:33:29,040 --> 01:33:30,710 E.P. Sanders says that , 2211 01:33:30,710 --> 01:33:32,700 Jesus is better attested in history 2212 01:33:32,700 --> 01:33:34,023 than Alexander the great. 2213 01:33:35,410 --> 01:33:37,300 When you actually compare the evidence 2214 01:33:37,300 --> 01:33:38,550 for both of those figures, 2215 01:33:38,550 --> 01:33:40,390 that's not even close to correct. 2216 01:33:40,390 --> 01:33:42,250 And actually the evidence for Alexander the great 2217 01:33:42,250 --> 01:33:44,440 is way better than for Jesus. 2218 01:33:44,440 --> 01:33:46,790 - Obviously a lot of evidence gets lost 2219 01:33:46,790 --> 01:33:48,540 or destroyed over the years, 2220 01:33:48,540 --> 01:33:51,400 like the letters of team Peter. 2221 01:33:51,400 --> 01:33:53,480 So historians are trying to piece together 2222 01:33:53,480 --> 01:33:56,210 what happened using sketchy evidence 2223 01:33:56,210 --> 01:33:59,660 or evidence that's been corrupted, like Mark's Gospel. 2224 01:33:59,660 --> 01:34:00,810 - And the trick to that 2225 01:34:00,810 --> 01:34:02,927 is that you look at that body of evidence 2226 01:34:02,927 --> 01:34:04,760 You got to look at it all, you can't leave anything out, 2227 01:34:04,760 --> 01:34:06,200 even stuff that's weird 2228 01:34:06,200 --> 01:34:08,350 and say is that the evidence that should exist, 2229 01:34:08,350 --> 01:34:11,550 if this hypothesis existed, is it what we expect? 2230 01:34:11,550 --> 01:34:13,050 And, and that's what you look at. 2231 01:34:13,050 --> 01:34:15,220 And you can measure that, in the sense of your feeling 2232 01:34:15,220 --> 01:34:17,930 of how expected is this evidence, 2233 01:34:17,930 --> 01:34:20,760 or how weird is this evidence given that hypothesis? 2234 01:34:20,760 --> 01:34:22,170 - And then you look at all of the theories 2235 01:34:22,170 --> 01:34:23,140 and try and decide 2236 01:34:23,140 --> 01:34:26,023 which one does the evidence support best. 2237 01:34:27,990 --> 01:34:29,730 - And if you're stuck in this situation 2238 01:34:29,730 --> 01:34:31,700 where the evidence is equally expected 2239 01:34:31,700 --> 01:34:34,700 on all your hypotheses, then you don't know. 2240 01:34:34,700 --> 01:34:36,350 It could be any one of those hypotheses 2241 01:34:36,350 --> 01:34:37,890 and we just kind of have to settle on 2242 01:34:37,890 --> 01:34:39,850 well, it's one of those we don't know. 2243 01:34:39,850 --> 01:34:42,010 - So how does the evidence stack up 2244 01:34:42,010 --> 01:34:46,050 with the theory that Jesus actually existed? 2245 01:34:46,050 --> 01:34:47,100 - I think on balance, 2246 01:34:47,100 --> 01:34:48,180 he probably didn't exist. 2247 01:34:48,180 --> 01:34:50,050 I think the hypothesis that 2248 01:34:50,050 --> 01:34:51,530 he started out a revelatory being 2249 01:34:51,530 --> 01:34:53,760 and became historicized later, 2250 01:34:53,760 --> 01:34:55,020 I think fits the evidence better. 2251 01:34:55,020 --> 01:34:56,450 It makes the evidence more expected, 2252 01:34:56,450 --> 01:34:58,050 especially a lot of weird stuff. 2253 01:34:58,050 --> 01:34:58,970 - So in other words, 2254 01:34:58,970 --> 01:35:01,810 Jesus appeared as some kind of an angel 2255 01:35:01,810 --> 01:35:04,530 in visions to people like Paul. 2256 01:35:04,530 --> 01:35:06,680 And then later on, people decided that, 2257 01:35:06,680 --> 01:35:09,460 well, he must have been real. 2258 01:35:09,460 --> 01:35:11,180 But of course this kind of a view 2259 01:35:11,180 --> 01:35:14,370 is still a minority amongst scholars, 2260 01:35:14,370 --> 01:35:16,490 but will it always be that way? 2261 01:35:16,490 --> 01:35:18,330 - We saw the same thing with the challenging 2262 01:35:18,330 --> 01:35:19,950 of the historicity of Moses, right. 2263 01:35:19,950 --> 01:35:21,060 In the seventies, 2264 01:35:21,060 --> 01:35:23,340 everybody said, that's fringe, that's crazy. 2265 01:35:23,340 --> 01:35:25,020 Now it's the mainstream consensus 2266 01:35:25,020 --> 01:35:28,205 at least agnosticism about the historicity of Moses. 2267 01:35:28,205 --> 01:35:30,490 And that took, 20, 30 years. 2268 01:35:30,490 --> 01:35:33,170 So I always tell people, 2269 01:35:33,170 --> 01:35:34,830 come back to me in 20 and 30 years, 2270 01:35:34,830 --> 01:35:36,450 and then we'll see if that's still a situation 2271 01:35:36,450 --> 01:35:37,730 or if it's changed since then. 2272 01:35:37,730 --> 01:35:42,730 - This kind of talk get some people pretty, pretty cranky. 2273 01:35:43,970 --> 01:35:46,410 - Well, look, my blunt response to that, 2274 01:35:46,410 --> 01:35:48,520 the whole Jesus mythicism thing 2275 01:35:48,520 --> 01:35:52,440 to be frank, I consider it mental masturbation for atheist. 2276 01:35:52,440 --> 01:35:53,963 That's the best way I can describe it. 2277 01:35:53,963 --> 01:35:55,770 It's the ultimate get up, 2278 01:35:55,770 --> 01:35:58,810 telling your arch enemy that their superhero didn't exist. 2279 01:35:58,810 --> 01:36:01,130 It's with the joy, of going up to some bratty kid 2280 01:36:01,130 --> 01:36:03,517 you don't like and saying, "Hey kid, guess what, 2281 01:36:03,517 --> 01:36:05,010 "there's no Santa Claus." 2282 01:36:05,010 --> 01:36:07,910 - Telling a little kid that Santa doesn't exist 2283 01:36:07,910 --> 01:36:11,490 might be mean, but it's also true. 2284 01:36:11,490 --> 01:36:13,853 Look, the fact is that the historical evidence 2285 01:36:13,853 --> 01:36:15,850 that Jesus existed 2286 01:36:15,850 --> 01:36:19,000 is pretty slim to say the least. 2287 01:36:19,000 --> 01:36:21,150 But the evidence that the stories about him 2288 01:36:21,150 --> 01:36:23,060 were all over the place 2289 01:36:23,060 --> 01:36:27,023 and kind of evolved over time is incredibly strong. 2290 01:36:28,870 --> 01:36:30,860 Make from that what you will. 2291 01:36:30,860 --> 01:36:33,527 (ominous music) 2292 01:36:36,270 --> 01:36:37,240 So let's take a look 2293 01:36:37,240 --> 01:36:41,653 at what our new updated Sunday school story looks like. 2294 01:36:42,840 --> 01:36:44,170 Around 2000 years ago, 2295 01:36:44,170 --> 01:36:46,670 the Romans decided that dead men could be gods 2296 01:36:46,670 --> 01:36:49,010 and living men could be sons of gods. 2297 01:36:49,010 --> 01:36:51,110 Meanwhile, in the backwaters of the Roman empire, 2298 01:36:51,110 --> 01:36:52,960 the Jewish people were waiting for their God, 2299 01:36:52,960 --> 01:36:54,540 Yahweh to send a warrior King 2300 01:36:54,540 --> 01:36:56,930 they called the Messiah to kick out the Romans. 2301 01:36:56,930 --> 01:36:58,730 But the Messiah was a no show. 2302 01:36:58,730 --> 01:37:00,235 Eventually several generations later, 2303 01:37:00,235 --> 01:37:02,950 a small fringe Jewish sect said 2304 01:37:02,950 --> 01:37:05,030 this is our guy, Jesus Christ, 2305 01:37:05,030 --> 01:37:06,197 which means Saving the Savior 2306 01:37:06,197 --> 01:37:07,770 was a very Jewish Jew, 2307 01:37:07,770 --> 01:37:10,070 but had two problems in his messianic resume. 2308 01:37:10,070 --> 01:37:11,780 He had not defeated the Romans 2309 01:37:11,780 --> 01:37:13,400 and he was already dead. 2310 01:37:13,400 --> 01:37:14,430 A few years later, 2311 01:37:14,430 --> 01:37:17,630 Paul who'd been busy beating up early Jesus' worshipers 2312 01:37:17,630 --> 01:37:19,070 suddenly changed his mind 2313 01:37:19,070 --> 01:37:21,740 and invented his own version of the Jesus sect. 2314 01:37:21,740 --> 01:37:23,090 He reinvented the Messiah, 2315 01:37:23,090 --> 01:37:25,640 to be a super powered celestial warrior King 2316 01:37:25,640 --> 01:37:27,761 for non Jews, who could keep their fore skin 2317 01:37:27,761 --> 01:37:29,720 and still get into heaven. 2318 01:37:29,720 --> 01:37:31,600 The OG Christians weren't impressed, 2319 01:37:31,600 --> 01:37:34,190 this is fake news, Paul didn't even know Jesus. 2320 01:37:34,190 --> 01:37:36,170 This is the Jews only club bubala. 2321 01:37:36,170 --> 01:37:38,470 According to Paul Jesus spoke to him in visions 2322 01:37:38,470 --> 01:37:40,560 and any day now, JC would come down to earth 2323 01:37:40,560 --> 01:37:42,920 with supernatural powers to defeat the Romans 2324 01:37:42,920 --> 01:37:44,900 and anyone else who didn't worship Him. 2325 01:37:44,900 --> 01:37:48,420 Unfortunately, Jesus didn't return within Paul's lifetime. 2326 01:37:48,420 --> 01:37:50,270 And despite writing lots of letters 2327 01:37:50,270 --> 01:37:52,130 in his 30 years of missionary work, 2328 01:37:52,130 --> 01:37:53,630 Paul never mentioned anything 2329 01:37:53,630 --> 01:37:56,330 about Jesus' life teachings or miracles. 2330 01:37:56,330 --> 01:37:58,920 But the Jews did get their war against the Romans 2331 01:37:58,920 --> 01:38:01,270 and got their butts badly kicked. 2332 01:38:01,270 --> 01:38:02,777 No warrior King Messiah showed up 2333 01:38:02,777 --> 01:38:05,180 and their temple was torn down. 2334 01:38:05,180 --> 01:38:07,350 The original disciples of Jesus were all dead, 2335 01:38:07,350 --> 01:38:09,180 leaving not a single written record 2336 01:38:09,180 --> 01:38:10,740 of what they thought about Jesus 2337 01:38:10,740 --> 01:38:11,970 or his teachings. 2338 01:38:11,970 --> 01:38:13,950 After the war, one of Paul's community 2339 01:38:13,950 --> 01:38:16,070 did document some stories about Jesus 2340 01:38:16,070 --> 01:38:17,780 in which he appears as a human, 2341 01:38:17,780 --> 01:38:20,040 but with super powers and a big secret, 2342 01:38:20,040 --> 01:38:21,970 who begs Yahweh not to let him be killed, 2343 01:38:21,970 --> 01:38:24,040 but Yahweh ignored his prayers. 2344 01:38:24,040 --> 01:38:25,780 Many other versions of the Jesus story 2345 01:38:25,780 --> 01:38:27,900 were recorded over the next 100 years. 2346 01:38:27,900 --> 01:38:29,690 None by actual eye witnesses 2347 01:38:29,690 --> 01:38:31,963 or people who knew eye witnesses or people who knew people 2348 01:38:31,963 --> 01:38:34,200 who would, you get the idea. 2349 01:38:34,200 --> 01:38:37,060 As time passed, these stories grew more far fetched, 2350 01:38:37,060 --> 01:38:39,400 suddenly including miracles like walking on water, 2351 01:38:39,400 --> 01:38:40,420 the virgin birth, 2352 01:38:40,420 --> 01:38:42,527 the resurrection of violent teenage Jesus 2353 01:38:42,527 --> 01:38:45,360 and Jesus raising people from the dead. 2354 01:38:45,360 --> 01:38:46,720 All these authors were still certain 2355 01:38:46,720 --> 01:38:48,660 that the Messiah would come to defeat their enemies 2356 01:38:48,660 --> 01:38:49,630 within their lifetimes, 2357 01:38:49,630 --> 01:38:51,330 but he still didn't come. 2358 01:38:51,330 --> 01:38:52,330 For 300 years, 2359 01:38:52,330 --> 01:38:54,960 various Jesus' factions fought against the Romans lines 2360 01:38:54,960 --> 01:38:57,250 and amongst themselves about who Jesus was 2361 01:38:57,250 --> 01:38:58,640 and how to worship him properly. 2362 01:38:58,640 --> 01:39:00,677 Until one of these groups met with the Roman emperor 2363 01:39:00,677 --> 01:39:02,900 and said, give us protection and tax breaks, 2364 01:39:02,900 --> 01:39:04,937 and we'll make you the head of our religion. 2365 01:39:04,937 --> 01:39:07,040 - "That's an offer I can't refuse," 2366 01:39:07,040 --> 01:39:08,500 said the emperor Constantine. 2367 01:39:08,500 --> 01:39:09,560 And within a hundred years, 2368 01:39:09,560 --> 01:39:12,730 this group managed to take control of the entire empire. 2369 01:39:12,730 --> 01:39:14,400 They burned competing Gospels, 2370 01:39:14,400 --> 01:39:16,890 tore down temples, killed pagan philosophers, 2371 01:39:16,890 --> 01:39:18,240 and banned other religions, 2372 01:39:18,240 --> 01:39:21,290 including competing versions of the Jesus club. 2373 01:39:21,290 --> 01:39:23,730 And that my friends 2374 01:39:23,730 --> 01:39:26,430 is the slightly more accurate story 2375 01:39:26,430 --> 01:39:30,393 of the triumph of Christianity, Amen. 2376 01:39:33,000 --> 01:39:35,030 Well, isn't that a far more interesting story. 2377 01:39:35,030 --> 01:39:36,990 And it's also one that's supported 2378 01:39:36,990 --> 01:39:40,860 by historical evidence and biblical scholars. 2379 01:39:40,860 --> 01:39:44,440 So what does the next century hold for Christianity? 2380 01:39:44,440 --> 01:39:47,100 Peace and love or another theocracy. 2381 01:39:47,100 --> 01:39:49,440 I guess only time's gonna tell 2382 01:39:49,440 --> 01:39:52,860 unless of course, Jesus does come back soon, 2383 01:39:52,860 --> 01:39:55,350 which I've been told with very good authority 2384 01:39:55,350 --> 01:39:59,701 should be happening any minute now. 2385 01:39:59,701 --> 01:40:02,368 (clock ticking) 2386 01:40:05,738 --> 01:40:08,321 (lively music) 2387 01:40:16,080 --> 01:40:17,567 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2388 01:40:17,567 --> 01:40:19,219 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2389 01:40:19,219 --> 01:40:20,571 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2390 01:40:20,571 --> 01:40:22,299 ♪ I have a friend in Jesus. ♪ 2391 01:40:22,299 --> 01:40:23,665 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2392 01:40:23,665 --> 01:40:25,557 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2393 01:40:25,557 --> 01:40:28,723 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2394 01:40:28,723 --> 01:40:31,669 ♪ He taught me how to live, my life as it should be. ♪ 2395 01:40:31,669 --> 01:40:33,275 ♪ He taught me how to turn my cheek ♪ 2396 01:40:33,275 --> 01:40:35,002 ♪ When people laugh at me. ♪ 2397 01:40:35,002 --> 01:40:36,423 ♪ I've had friends before ♪ 2398 01:40:36,423 --> 01:40:38,067 ♪ And I can tell you that, ♪ 2399 01:40:38,067 --> 01:40:42,271 ♪ He's one who will never leave your flat. ♪ 2400 01:40:42,271 --> 01:40:43,478 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2401 01:40:43,478 --> 01:40:45,368 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2402 01:40:45,368 --> 01:40:46,852 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2403 01:40:46,852 --> 01:40:48,456 ♪ I have a friend in Jesus. ♪ 2404 01:40:48,456 --> 01:40:49,950 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2405 01:40:49,950 --> 01:40:51,618 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2406 01:40:51,618 --> 01:40:54,490 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2407 01:40:54,490 --> 01:40:57,691 ♪ He taught me how to pray, and how to save my soul. ♪ 2408 01:40:57,691 --> 01:40:59,314 ♪ He taught me how to praise my God ♪ 2409 01:40:59,314 --> 01:41:00,971 ♪ And still play rock and roll. ♪ 2410 01:41:00,971 --> 01:41:02,358 ♪ The music may sound different ♪ 2411 01:41:02,358 --> 01:41:03,906 ♪ But the message is the same. ♪ 2412 01:41:03,906 --> 01:41:08,265 ♪ It's just that instrument who praise his name. ♪ 2413 01:41:08,265 --> 01:41:09,472 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2414 01:41:09,472 --> 01:41:11,320 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2415 01:41:11,320 --> 01:41:12,680 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2416 01:41:12,680 --> 01:41:14,459 ♪ I have a friend in Jesus ♪ 2417 01:41:14,459 --> 01:41:15,851 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2418 01:41:15,851 --> 01:41:17,728 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine.. ♪ 2419 01:41:17,728 --> 01:41:21,100 ♪ Six feet two, eyes are blue, ♪ 2420 01:41:21,100 --> 01:41:23,965 ♪ Jesus Christ he was a Jew. ♪ 2421 01:41:23,965 --> 01:41:28,331 ♪ Has anybody seen my Lord? ♪ 2422 01:41:28,331 --> 01:41:29,950 ♪ Big hook nose, ♪ 2423 01:41:29,950 --> 01:41:34,165 ♪ There he goes preaching so that everyone knows. ♪ 2424 01:41:34,165 --> 01:41:38,385 ♪ Has anybody seen my Lord? ♪ 2425 01:41:38,385 --> 01:41:41,533 ♪ Speared in the abdomen by a Roman. ♪ 2426 01:41:41,533 --> 01:41:44,086 ♪ Blood gushing out. ♪ 2427 01:41:44,086 --> 01:41:45,456 ♪ Rose from the dead, ♪ 2428 01:41:45,456 --> 01:41:46,843 ♪ So it is said. ♪ 2429 01:41:46,843 --> 01:41:49,741 ♪ People believe without a doubt. ♪ 2430 01:41:49,741 --> 01:41:52,584 ♪ Jesus died still a Jew. ♪ 2431 01:41:52,584 --> 01:41:55,307 ♪ Still a Jew so why aren't you? ♪ 2432 01:41:55,307 --> 01:41:58,136 ♪ Has anybody seen my, ♪ 2433 01:41:58,136 --> 01:42:00,939 ♪ Has anybody seen my, ♪ 2434 01:42:00,939 --> 01:42:04,606 ♪ Has anybody seen my Lord. ♪ 2435 01:42:06,096 --> 01:42:08,679 (lively music) 2436 01:42:13,279 --> 01:42:14,559 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2437 01:42:14,559 --> 01:42:16,207 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2438 01:42:16,207 --> 01:42:17,636 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2439 01:42:17,636 --> 01:42:19,332 ♪ I have a friend in Jesus ♪ 2440 01:42:19,332 --> 01:42:20,847 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2441 01:42:20,847 --> 01:42:22,553 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2442 01:42:22,553 --> 01:42:25,454 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2443 01:42:25,454 --> 01:42:28,631 ♪ He taught me how to live, my life as it should be. ♪ 2444 01:42:28,631 --> 01:42:30,329 ♪ He taught me how to turn my cheek, ♪ 2445 01:42:30,329 --> 01:42:32,022 ♪ When people laugh at me. ♪ 2446 01:42:32,022 --> 01:42:33,466 ♪ I've had friends before ♪ 2447 01:42:33,466 --> 01:42:34,990 ♪ And I can tell you that, ♪ 2448 01:42:34,990 --> 01:42:38,955 ♪ He's one who will never leave you flat. ♪ 2449 01:42:38,955 --> 01:42:40,492 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2450 01:42:40,492 --> 01:42:42,300 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2451 01:42:42,300 --> 01:42:43,751 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2452 01:42:43,751 --> 01:42:45,471 ♪ I have a friend in Jesus. ♪ 2453 01:42:45,471 --> 01:42:46,912 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2454 01:42:46,912 --> 01:42:48,577 ♪ Jesus is my friend. ♪ 2455 01:42:48,577 --> 01:42:51,610 ♪ Jesus is a friend of mine. ♪ 2456 01:42:51,610 --> 01:42:54,620 ♪ He taught me how to pray and how to save my soul. ♪ 2457 01:42:54,620 --> 01:42:56,247 ♪ He taught me how to praise my God ♪ 2458 01:42:56,247 --> 01:42:57,829 ♪ And still play rock and roll. ♪ 2459 01:42:57,829 --> 01:42:59,466 ♪ The music may sound different ♪ 2460 01:42:59,466 --> 01:43:00,919 ♪ But the message is the same' ♪ 2461 01:43:00,919 --> 01:43:05,919 ♪ It's just the instrument who praise his name. ♪