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When the Second World War was over,

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we were the one great power
in the world.

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The Soviets had
a substantial military machine,

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but they could not touch us in power.

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We had this enormous force
that had been built up.

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We had the greatest fleet
in the world.

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We'd come through the war
economically sound.

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And I think that, in addition
to feeling a sense of responsibility,

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we also began to feel...

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the-the sense of a world power,

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that possibly we could control
the future of the world.

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Our vision of progress
is not limited to our own country.

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We extend it
to all the peoples of the world.

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<i>Military action in Indochina.</i>

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<i>French regulars land along the coast
in search of roving communist bands.</i>

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<i>For France, it represents
a tremendous sacrifice...</i>

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<i>of manpower and financial resources.</i>

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<i>Without American help,
the burden would be too great.</i>

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I do not expect that there is going
to be a communist victory in Indochina.

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I affirm that Secretary Dulles...

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offered me two atomic bombs.

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Two, uh...

24
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Neither one, neither three.
Two.

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If Indochina goes,
several things happen right away.

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The Accra Peninsula, the little bit
of end hanging on down there...

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would be scarcely defensible.

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The tin and the tungsten...

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that we so greatly value from that area
would cease coming.

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We don't see the end of the tunnel,
but, uh, I must say...

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I don't think it's darker
than it was a year ago,

32
00:05:21,738 --> 00:05:23,699
in some ways lighter. Yes?

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00:05:23,782 --> 00:05:27,202
So we must be ready
to fight in Vietnam,

34
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but the ultimate victory
will depend upon the hearts...

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and the minds of the people
who actually live out there.

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Throughout the war in Vietnam,

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the United States has exercised
a degree of restraint...

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unprecedented
in the annals of war.

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<i>There was just one thing,</i>

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one small word that enabled
myself and my buddies...

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to stay alive those many years.

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That one thing was faith.

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Faith in my family,
my God and my country.

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I remembered high school.
I remembered playing sports there.

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And I can remember
my coach saying...

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"When the going gets tough,
the tough get going,

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<i>because winners never quit
and quitters never win."</i>

48
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<i>Why did I go to Vietnam?</i>

49
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<i>I will have to go back to 1965,
when I was 22 years old.</i>

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At that time, communism was once again
trying to muscle its way...

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into a free country.

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That would assert that there's
a majority of people in that country...

53
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that want to be communist.

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<i>Why do they need us then?</i>

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Because they were subjected to, uh,

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military attack from outside.

57
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Uh, the, uh...

58
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Are you really asking me
this goddamn silly question?

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<i>- You really want me to go into this?
- Yes.</i>

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I mean... I mean, you know,
we really got to go back to...

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You just want me to go back
to the origins of this thing then.

62
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All right, I'll do it, but this is
pretty pedestrian stuff, I must say,

63
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at this late stage of the game.

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Honestly it is.

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I'll do it. All right.

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<i>- There's disagreement about the origins.
- No, there's not.</i>

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No, there's not.
There's no doubt.

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All right, I'll answer your question,
you can throw away that tape.

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I didn't expect to have to go back
to this kind of sophomoric stuff,

70
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but I'll do it.

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The problem, uh, began, uh,

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in its present phase,
after the Sputnik,

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the launch of the Sputnik
in 1957, October.

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This opened a phase
of not well-coordinated,

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but universally optimistic
and hopeful communist enterprise...

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in many parts of the world.

77
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Renewed hostile actions...

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against United States ships on
the high seas in the Gulf ofTonkin...

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have today required me to order
military forces of the United States...

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to take action in reply.

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We always hesitate in public to use
the word "lie" but a lie is a lie.

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I mean,
it's a misrepresentation of fact.

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And it's supposed to be a criminal act
if its done under oath.

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Mr. Johnson didn't say it under oath,
he just said it.

85
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We don't usually have
the president under oath.

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There are those who ask
why this responsibility should be ours.

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The answer, I think, is simple.

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There is no one else
who can do the job.

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If necessary,
I am ready to go back.

90
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We all must be ready.

91
00:10:03,520 --> 00:10:08,108
You must have the political, economic
and philosophical courage to send me...

92
00:10:08,192 --> 00:10:10,861
or do whatever you think
is necessary.

93
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<i>I must be ready to go.
If I did well,</i>

94
00:10:14,406 --> 00:10:17,492
it is only because
Linden did well in bringing me up...

95
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and making me into a man.

96
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If I served the military well,

97
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it is only because the military
trained me to be a good officer.

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If I am a good American,

99
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it is only because America
brought me up to be a good American.

100
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<i>- Three, two, one...</i>

101
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It was a sight to touch
the heart of the most callous.

102
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Lieutenant George Coker was back in
Linden, New Jersey, the hero of the day.

103
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<i>Three thousand people turned out
to greet him. Schools were closed...</i>

104
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and streets were blocked
as the young former prisoner of war...

105
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walked on a red carpet
to the steps of city hall.

106
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<i>Mike is still open.
Two, one...</i>

107
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I'm from Duncan, Oklahoma,
which is about 90 miles south of here.

108
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And, uh, and I lived
around several places...

109
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uh, Missouri, Chicago,
Detroit, uh, Germany,

110
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Uh...

111
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by the time I got out of high school,
I was very conservative.

112
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We have, in Duncan high school...
we bought...

113
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the high school had bought a, uh...

114
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Excuse me...
a John Birch package on communism.

115
00:11:26,645 --> 00:11:28,981
So we studied communism
via theJohn Birch Society,

116
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the big red map with the flowing out
of the disease and so forth,

117
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and-and learned how Karl Marx
was a very cruel man...

118
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and used to, uh,
make his family suffer and so forth.

119
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Uh, so when I got out of high school,
I thought basically that, um,

120
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Teddy Roosevelt's
what this country needed,

121
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and F.D.R. had kind of
sold us down the drain to the commies.

122
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The communist conspiracy is a deliberate
and predictable plan of action...

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to subvert the world.

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<i>Mosinee, Wisconsin,
in a unique Mayday object lesson,</i>

125
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<i>shows what could happen here
if communism took over.</i>

126
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<i>The unyielding chief of police is
liquidated by American Legionnaires...</i>

127
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<i>portraying Red trigger men.</i>

128
00:12:10,397 --> 00:12:14,026
<i>A grim demonstration of
what subversion could lead to,</i>

129
00:12:14,151 --> 00:12:18,780
<i>Mosinee's Mayday serves as a sharp
warning to all democratic communities.</i>

130
00:12:18,906 --> 00:12:23,160
It's an international,
criminal conspiracy.

131
00:12:23,285 --> 00:12:26,121
Before we know it, we're gonna
turn our backs around someday,

132
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the whole United States, we're gonna
turn around and see nothing but V. C...

133
00:12:29,333 --> 00:12:32,336
or not V.C., but communism... we're gonna
turn around and say, "What happened?"

134
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People just walking in
with riots, drugs, you name it.

135
00:12:35,047 --> 00:12:37,090
They're tearing us down
from the inside out.

136
00:12:37,174 --> 00:12:41,803
In 1917, when the communists
overthrew the Russian government,

137
00:12:41,887 --> 00:12:47,017
there was 1 communist
for every 2,277 persons...

138
00:12:47,142 --> 00:12:49,019
in Russia.

139
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In the United States today,
there is one communist...

140
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for every 1,814 persons
in this country.

141
00:12:57,110 --> 00:13:01,573
If we lose Indochina, Mr. Jenkins,
we will lose the Pacific,

142
00:13:01,698 --> 00:13:05,160
and we'll be an island
in a communist sea.

143
00:13:05,285 --> 00:13:08,664
- Go ahead, how does it go?
- Oh, mother.

144
00:13:10,457 --> 00:13:12,417
I swear that I am not now...

145
00:13:12,543 --> 00:13:16,380
or ever have been a member
of the communist party.

146
00:13:16,505 --> 00:13:18,966
Feel better?

147
00:13:20,384 --> 00:13:22,469
Of course, when it gets down
to communism, uh,

148
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I've been fighting communism
since 1951, actually.

149
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I was looked at, you know,
the American fighting man,

150
00:13:28,517 --> 00:13:30,394
as being, uh, you know,

151
00:13:30,519 --> 00:13:35,274
like a warrior of sorts,
you know, due to my background,

152
00:13:35,399 --> 00:13:37,276
the way my mother
brought me up.

153
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She always spoke of
the warrior societies of our tribe...

154
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and of the different tribes around us
and how that these men...

155
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always had to work to gain the respect
of the people around them...

156
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and how they had to live, uh,
more or less a life dictated to them...

157
00:13:52,791 --> 00:13:56,420
by the society that they belonged to,
and it was extremely hard.

158
00:13:56,545 --> 00:14:01,842
I-I looked around and from listening
to my uncles and a lot of my relations...

159
00:14:01,925 --> 00:14:04,845
they had been in the Marine Corps...
and they always told me that...

160
00:14:04,928 --> 00:14:08,891
the Marine Corps was the hardest service
to cope with physically and mentally.

161
00:14:08,974 --> 00:14:11,810
And I naturally wanted to be
the best at that time,

162
00:14:11,935 --> 00:14:15,230
and I looked at the Marine Corps
as being the elite of the elite,

163
00:14:15,355 --> 00:14:17,733
the warrior society
in the United States.

164
00:14:17,816 --> 00:14:22,571
Now it might sound cliché-ish
to say that,

165
00:14:22,696 --> 00:14:24,990
"My country,
may it always be right,

166
00:14:25,115 --> 00:14:27,117
but right or wrong,
my country."

167
00:14:27,242 --> 00:14:30,245
But that's how
I felt back in '67.

168
00:14:30,370 --> 00:14:33,040
And during my senior year,

169
00:14:33,123 --> 00:14:37,419
I said I've got
an obligation to serve.

170
00:14:37,544 --> 00:14:39,922
I've got to fulfill it.

171
00:14:40,005 --> 00:14:44,092
There's no reason physically
why I would be exempted,

172
00:14:44,218 --> 00:14:47,638
and therefore,
I'm gonna enlist.

173
00:15:11,954 --> 00:15:13,914
- What you got there?
- Picture.

174
00:15:13,997 --> 00:15:15,916
Picture?
How much picture?

175
00:15:15,999 --> 00:15:19,795
- Three thousand?
- I go beaucoup hungry. I sell 3,000.

176
00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:23,257
- You go here, too much money.
- I buy watch for 1,500.

177
00:15:23,340 --> 00:15:26,802
No, you sell to me?
You lie. You lie, you die.

178
00:15:26,927 --> 00:15:29,805
- You give massage? What else you give?
- Yes.

179
00:15:29,888 --> 00:15:32,349
Huh?

180
00:15:32,432 --> 00:15:35,978
- I buy you one beer, okay?
- You- You buy me one beer?

181
00:15:36,061 --> 00:15:38,313
<i>No, no. No money.
Go home, mama-san.</i>

182
00:15:38,438 --> 00:15:42,317
<i>Please, go home, mama-san.</i>

183
00:15:42,401 --> 00:15:45,279
<i>No. Go home, mama-san.</i>

184
00:15:45,362 --> 00:15:49,199
<i>No. Go home, mama-san.
Okay? No. Go home, mama-san.</i>

185
00:15:49,324 --> 00:15:51,910
- You will like.
- No. No.

186
00:15:57,040 --> 00:15:59,668
Huh?

187
00:15:59,793 --> 00:16:01,837
- How much?
- One thousand.

188
00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:05,215
You? Ah, it's too much.
Beaucoup.

189
00:16:05,340 --> 00:16:08,385
Yeah, for sure. No, no good.

190
00:17:11,156 --> 00:17:16,203
We thought of ourselves, I think,
as trying to defeat communists.

191
00:17:16,286 --> 00:17:20,999
Defeat... Accepting a view of, uh...
the Walt Rostow kind of view...

192
00:17:21,124 --> 00:17:23,752
of covert aggression
of some kind.

193
00:17:23,836 --> 00:17:26,630
The kind of view that enabled you
to think of the conflict...

194
00:17:26,755 --> 00:17:28,715
<i>in, really, World War II terms.</i>

195
00:17:28,799 --> 00:17:30,717
<i>That was an unquestioned assumption.</i>

196
00:17:30,801 --> 00:17:33,220
It had an idealistic flavor to it,

197
00:17:33,303 --> 00:17:37,140
but it was the underpinning of
an imperial policy, basically.

198
00:17:37,266 --> 00:17:40,143
I shared the assumption,
very easily,

199
00:17:40,227 --> 00:17:42,479
and felt it as an idealistic one really.

200
00:17:42,604 --> 00:17:44,481
We were doing something for them.

201
00:17:44,606 --> 00:17:48,277
I recall that I was in the New York area
at the time,

202
00:17:48,402 --> 00:17:50,821
and I stopped by
to see General MacArthur,

203
00:17:50,904 --> 00:17:53,949
who I had known for several years.

204
00:17:55,576 --> 00:17:59,955
Uh, when he greeted me, he made, uh,
quite a prophetic statement.

205
00:18:01,290 --> 00:18:06,128
He said, "Westmoreland,
I-I see you have a new job."

206
00:18:07,671 --> 00:18:11,633
He said, "I hope you appreciate
that this new assignment...

207
00:18:13,051 --> 00:18:17,306
is filled with opportunities,
but fraught with hazards."

208
00:18:17,389 --> 00:18:21,310
And indeed, uh,
this was a prophetic statement.

209
00:18:41,788 --> 00:18:44,208
It can be described much like, uh...

210
00:18:44,333 --> 00:18:48,670
a-a-a singer doing an aria...

211
00:18:48,754 --> 00:18:52,424
that's totally into what he's doing,
you know, totally feeling it.

212
00:18:52,549 --> 00:18:55,260
He knows the aria,
and he's experiencing the aria.

213
00:18:55,385 --> 00:18:59,806
And he knows his limits, and he knows
whether he's doing it and doing it well.

214
00:18:59,932 --> 00:19:02,351
Flying an aircraft
can be a great deal like that.

215
00:19:02,434 --> 00:19:04,353
What's a race driver feel like?

216
00:19:04,436 --> 00:19:07,231
Why does a guy want to drive
in the Indianapolis 500?

217
00:19:07,356 --> 00:19:09,691
I guess, perhaps, the risk of dying,

218
00:19:09,816 --> 00:19:12,027
being killed is part of it
that makes it thrilling.

219
00:19:16,698 --> 00:19:20,327
<i>I can tell when the aircraft
feels right, when it's about to stall.</i>

220
00:19:20,410 --> 00:19:24,039
<i>I can tell when I cant
pull another fraction of a pound...</i>

221
00:19:24,164 --> 00:19:27,668
<i>or the airplane will stall,
flip out and spin on me.</i>

222
00:19:27,751 --> 00:19:30,796
I would follow a pathway on something
like a TV screen in front of me...

223
00:19:30,921 --> 00:19:33,340
that would direct me
right, left or center...

224
00:19:33,423 --> 00:19:36,552
follow the steering,
keep the steering symbol, uh, centered.

225
00:19:36,677 --> 00:19:40,138
I'd see a little attack light
when we'd stepped into attack.

226
00:19:40,264 --> 00:19:43,141
I could pull the "commit" switch
on my stick,

227
00:19:43,267 --> 00:19:45,227
and the computer took over.

228
00:19:45,310 --> 00:19:49,022
A computer figured out the ballistics,
the airspeed, the slant range...

229
00:19:49,106 --> 00:19:51,191
<i>and dropped the bombs
when we got to the appropriate point,</i>

230
00:19:51,275 --> 00:19:53,402
<i>in whichever kind of attack
we'd selected,</i>

231
00:19:53,485 --> 00:19:57,614
<i>whether it was flying straight and level
or tossing our bombs out.</i>

232
00:19:57,739 --> 00:20:01,410
So it was very much of
a technical expertise thing.

233
00:20:01,535 --> 00:20:04,705
I was a good pilot, you know.
I had, uh, uh,

234
00:20:04,788 --> 00:20:07,040
I had a lot of pride
in my ability to fly.

235
00:20:12,171 --> 00:20:14,756
You're up there
doing something that, uh,

236
00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:19,428
mankind has only dreamed of; the flying,
especially at night, in an aircraft.

237
00:20:19,511 --> 00:20:22,973
The A-6 is one of the few
that can really do it the way we did it.

238
00:20:23,098 --> 00:20:26,810
Um, a World War II aviator would not
even dream of doing the things we did.

239
00:20:26,935 --> 00:20:28,896
It's definitely
the ultimate in aviation.

240
00:20:42,242 --> 00:20:45,662
Almost everybody
has blown off firecrackers.

241
00:20:45,787 --> 00:20:48,832
<i>The thrill you get when you
see something explode as a child,</i>

242
00:20:48,957 --> 00:20:51,084
<i>or even as an adult almost.</i>

243
00:20:51,168 --> 00:20:54,087
You put something in the can
and watch the can blow up in the air.

244
00:21:00,385 --> 00:21:03,055
<i>And the excitement,
the sense of excitement,</i>

245
00:21:03,180 --> 00:21:06,141
<i>especially if you're getting shot at,
is just incredible.</i>

246
00:21:08,393 --> 00:21:10,687
You get there, have a real good mission,
hit your target,

247
00:21:10,812 --> 00:21:13,357
find out later your target
was totally destroyed,

248
00:21:13,482 --> 00:21:16,818
that it wasn't one of these misses
or almost, you got it.

249
00:21:16,902 --> 00:21:21,782
And come back and make a night carrier
landing recovery. Uh, that's fantastic.

250
00:21:21,865 --> 00:21:24,993
To say it's thrilling,
yes, it's deeply satisfying.

251
00:21:39,132 --> 00:21:41,885
<i>The planes again.</i>

252
00:21:42,010 --> 00:21:45,848
<i>Are they American or Vietnamese?</i>

253
00:21:45,973 --> 00:21:50,143
<i>I don't know
whose they are. Just airplanes.</i>

254
00:21:53,647 --> 00:21:56,191
<i>What was this here?</i>

255
00:21:56,316 --> 00:21:58,861
<i>I used to raise pigs here, right there.</i>

256
00:22:01,446 --> 00:22:06,034
<i>Where was the kitchen?</i>

257
00:22:09,913 --> 00:22:12,708
<i>The kitchen was here.
They built it with bricks.</i>

258
00:22:12,791 --> 00:22:15,878
<i>This was the floor.
And this was for the heat.</i>

259
00:22:15,961 --> 00:22:18,547
<i>What's that?</i>

260
00:22:18,630 --> 00:22:20,632
<i>That is the bomb crater.</i>

261
00:22:20,757 --> 00:22:24,178
<i>The bombs dropped there
and destroyed everything I had.</i>

262
00:22:29,474 --> 00:22:33,937
<i>An older sister died,
and I've another older sister left.</i>

263
00:22:34,021 --> 00:22:37,024
<i>Yes, there were just the three of us.
But then one died.</i>

264
00:22:37,107 --> 00:22:40,277
<i>And l'm supposed to live
in a house over there.</i>

265
00:22:42,154 --> 00:22:45,073
<i>But now it's just a heap of rubble.</i>

266
00:22:45,157 --> 00:22:49,411
<i>How old was your sister?</i>

267
00:22:49,495 --> 00:22:51,872
<i>Seventy-eight.</i>

268
00:22:51,955 --> 00:22:55,375
<i>What did she die of?</i>

269
00:22:55,459 --> 00:22:58,045
<i>Bombs.
Bombs were dropped here the other day,</i>

270
00:22:58,128 --> 00:23:00,130
<i>and they killed her.</i>

271
00:23:09,932 --> 00:23:11,975
<i>I'm so unhappy.</i>

272
00:23:21,068 --> 00:23:24,029
<i>My sister died
and l've got no home left.</i>

273
00:23:24,154 --> 00:23:26,532
<i>I've moved in
with my sister here.</i>

274
00:23:29,451 --> 00:23:31,411
<i>I've been wounded.</i>

275
00:23:34,081 --> 00:23:38,794
<i>I can't do anything for a living now.
I'm old and weak.</i>

276
00:23:38,877 --> 00:23:43,298
<i>I've got nothing to sell.
Nothing to do.</i>

277
00:24:09,199 --> 00:24:11,243
Mm.

278
00:24:16,707 --> 00:24:19,126
<i>You really just
don't have time for personal thoughts...</i>

279
00:24:19,209 --> 00:24:22,671
<i>when you're up there flying around
at 500, 600 miles an hours.</i>

280
00:24:22,754 --> 00:24:25,132
<i>You might call it an electronic war
in a certain way.</i>

281
00:24:25,215 --> 00:24:27,342
<i>I didn't have time to think
about anything else.</i>

282
00:24:27,467 --> 00:24:30,679
If you wanted to later, you might.
But it was all business.

283
00:24:30,804 --> 00:24:33,098
It's, um, just strictly professionalism.

284
00:24:33,223 --> 00:24:35,517
We had a job to do
and we did it.

285
00:24:35,642 --> 00:24:38,770
Never could see the people.
You never could see...

286
00:24:38,896 --> 00:24:41,899
Occasionally you saw the houses when
you were bombing around a village...

287
00:24:42,024 --> 00:24:44,067
or bombing in a village.

288
00:24:44,193 --> 00:24:46,445
Uh, you never
heard the explosion.

289
00:24:46,570 --> 00:24:49,865
You never saw any blood or any screams.
It was very clean.

290
00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:53,202
<i>You're doing a job.</i>

291
00:24:53,327 --> 00:24:55,704
<i>You're an expert at what you do.</i>

292
00:24:59,166 --> 00:25:01,293
<i>I was a technician.</i>

293
00:25:06,215 --> 00:25:09,176
<i>Everything just
collapsed under the bombs.</i>

294
00:25:09,259 --> 00:25:11,261
<i>Everything just caved in.</i>

295
00:25:16,767 --> 00:25:19,937
<i>It's like a bird and its nest.</i>

296
00:25:21,438 --> 00:25:24,274
<i>The way things are
with the house in the rubble,</i>

297
00:25:25,609 --> 00:25:29,446
<i>the bird comes home
and finds no nest.</i>

298
00:25:29,571 --> 00:25:33,575
<i>Where am I to find a place to sit
and work for something to eat?</i>

299
00:25:33,700 --> 00:25:37,412
<i>Even a bird needs a nest
it can go back to,</i>

300
00:25:37,538 --> 00:25:40,165
<i>crawl into for sleep and food.</i>

301
00:26:02,813 --> 00:26:05,482
<i>Look, they're focusing on us now.</i>

302
00:26:08,193 --> 00:26:12,823
<i>First they bomb as much as they please,
then they film.</i>

303
00:26:22,583 --> 00:26:26,503
<i>We fought
against the Chinese for 12 centuries.</i>

304
00:26:26,587 --> 00:26:29,214
<i>We fought against the French
for 100 years.</i>

305
00:26:33,635 --> 00:26:37,222
<i>And finally, when the war
was lost by the French in 1954...</i>

306
00:26:37,347 --> 00:26:39,641
<i>at the battle of Dien Bien Phu,</i>

307
00:26:39,766 --> 00:26:42,936
<i>the Vietnamese were liberated
from foreign oppression.</i>

308
00:26:48,150 --> 00:26:52,988
<i>But it was at that precise moment that
the Americans came to Vietnam.</i>

309
00:26:53,113 --> 00:26:57,493
<i>Little by little at first.
Then more and more as an invasion,</i>

310
00:26:57,576 --> 00:26:59,995
<i>an invasion of the American army.</i>

311
00:27:03,123 --> 00:27:06,043
<i>Five hundred thousand of them
in Vietnam.</i>

312
00:27:06,168 --> 00:27:09,963
<i>And this war
became a war of genocide.</i>

313
00:27:10,047 --> 00:27:13,342
<i>The people of North Vietnam
and South Vietnam...</i>

314
00:27:13,425 --> 00:27:18,514
<i>fight only for freedom,
independence and national unity.</i>

315
00:27:20,557 --> 00:27:25,687
This war is a war against
the American imperialists.

316
00:27:25,812 --> 00:27:29,149
This is our war for independence.

317
00:27:40,202 --> 00:27:44,414
What we are trying to put across this
afternoon is to get you to realize...

318
00:27:44,540 --> 00:27:47,376
that these weren't mythical,
hazy people from the past.

319
00:27:47,459 --> 00:27:49,711
These were very real people.

320
00:27:49,795 --> 00:27:53,632
When they rose up against
the most powerful army in the world,

321
00:27:53,757 --> 00:27:56,718
they were actually putting
everything on the line that they had:

322
00:27:56,802 --> 00:28:00,889
Their homes, their wealth,
their past and their future.

323
00:28:03,642 --> 00:28:06,019
<i>That all men are created equal.</i>

324
00:28:06,103 --> 00:28:10,232
<i>That they are endowed by their creator
with certain unalienable rights.</i>

325
00:28:10,357 --> 00:28:15,779
<i>That among these are life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness. "</i>

326
00:28:15,904 --> 00:28:18,365
And when you judge the Revolution
and the problems and the success we had,

327
00:28:18,448 --> 00:28:20,367
it was a two-way street.

328
00:28:20,450 --> 00:28:23,579
A good many citizens
at the time of the Revolution...

329
00:28:23,704 --> 00:28:26,290
actually stayed
and fought with the British.

330
00:28:26,415 --> 00:28:28,417
It was close to being a civil war
in many areas.

331
00:28:28,542 --> 00:28:31,211
You actually split
many-many families.

332
00:28:31,295 --> 00:28:34,089
Thomas Jefferson said,
"The tree of revolution is..."

333
00:28:34,214 --> 00:28:36,133
or "The tree of liberty is...

334
00:28:36,216 --> 00:28:39,636
watered by the blood of revolution
every generation."

335
00:28:39,761 --> 00:28:44,141
And I think that's a little exaggerated,
but there's some truth to that.

336
00:28:44,266 --> 00:28:46,685
<i>The war had come
to Westchester County,</i>

337
00:28:46,810 --> 00:28:51,148
<i>but so too had independence
and a new responsibility.</i>

338
00:28:51,273 --> 00:28:54,318
Men are getting killed, men are killing.
That's the parallel.

339
00:28:54,443 --> 00:28:57,029
As far as politics, are you kidding?

340
00:28:57,154 --> 00:28:59,823
Oriental politics?
Don't put me on, man.

341
00:29:01,158 --> 00:29:02,659
<i>Fire!</i>

342
00:29:04,578 --> 00:29:07,623
<i>We haven't found his weapon yet.
We're still looking for it.</i>

343
00:29:07,706 --> 00:29:09,625
<i>- You got a weapon?
- No, sir.</i>

344
00:29:09,708 --> 00:29:11,627
<i>He had one, man.
This guy's got ammo.</i>

345
00:29:11,710 --> 00:29:14,463
<i>I'm planning to medivac this guy.</i>

346
00:29:20,135 --> 00:29:22,679
<i>The people who are living in the jungle,</i>

347
00:29:22,804 --> 00:29:26,975
<i>under the bombs, without pay,
without their families,</i>

348
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:30,354
<i>are doing so because
they are fighting for independence.</i>

349
00:29:30,479 --> 00:29:32,773
<i>Because they're fighting,
in this case, for unification...</i>

350
00:29:32,856 --> 00:29:34,983
<i>and they're fighting for revolution.</i>

351
00:29:42,115 --> 00:29:47,120
Of course,
the name for a conflict...

352
00:29:47,246 --> 00:29:50,749
in which you're opposing a revolution
is counter-revolution.

353
00:29:50,874 --> 00:29:53,418
And this is something
We never admitted to ourselves at all.

354
00:29:53,544 --> 00:29:55,504
It's-It's what we were really doing.

355
00:29:55,587 --> 00:29:59,216
<i>The letters and the reports we had...</i>

356
00:29:59,341 --> 00:30:02,803
<i>on Ho Chi Minh's attitude
back in 1946...</i>

357
00:30:02,928 --> 00:30:07,307
<i>he wrote I think it was seven letters to
this government and received no reply.</i>

358
00:30:07,391 --> 00:30:12,521
The-The-The pathos, almost,
the sadness...

359
00:30:12,604 --> 00:30:16,024
Here's a man who felt
and believed the United States...

360
00:30:16,108 --> 00:30:19,444
would be sympathetic to his purpose
of gaining his independence...

361
00:30:19,570 --> 00:30:21,446
from a colonial power.

362
00:30:21,572 --> 00:30:24,700
And then to find we...
You know, this is what he'd read.

363
00:30:24,825 --> 00:30:28,287
He'd been here, read our Constitution
and Declaration of Independence.

364
00:30:28,412 --> 00:30:31,415
He thought surely the United States
would be interested.

365
00:30:31,540 --> 00:30:34,042
We had testimony in the committee
that his one worry...

366
00:30:34,168 --> 00:30:36,044
was that
it was so insignificant...

367
00:30:36,170 --> 00:30:40,340
Vietnam was so far away, insignificant...
we would never bother about it.

368
00:30:40,424 --> 00:30:45,345
It's too small to ever attract
the attention of the United States.

369
00:30:45,429 --> 00:30:47,347
<i>He was sure in his own mind...</i>

370
00:30:47,431 --> 00:30:50,267
<i>that if we ever put our minds
in focus upon it, we would be for him.</i>

371
00:30:50,392 --> 00:30:54,855
<i>How different history would have
been for us and for them...</i>

372
00:30:54,938 --> 00:30:57,858
<i>if we had felt a common interest...</i>

373
00:30:57,941 --> 00:31:01,111
<i>in the colonial province like Vietnam...</i>

374
00:31:01,236 --> 00:31:03,197
<i>seeking its independence
from France.</i>

375
00:31:04,406 --> 00:31:06,283
The Ho Chi Minh of '56,

376
00:31:06,408 --> 00:31:09,578
I don't think could have got elected
dogcatcher in South Vietnam.

377
00:31:09,703 --> 00:31:14,416
Ho Chi Minh, uh, dead...

378
00:31:14,500 --> 00:31:17,711
Could beat any candidate
we've ever put up in Vietnam.

379
00:31:20,506 --> 00:31:24,301
<i>You asked me about my oldest son Bing.</i>

380
00:31:24,426 --> 00:31:29,097
<i>He was a graduate of Harvard, 1965.</i>

381
00:31:29,181 --> 00:31:32,100
<i>And he was not a soldier at heart.</i>

382
00:31:32,184 --> 00:31:36,271
Uh, but he realized,
I'm sure, there's no question,

383
00:31:36,396 --> 00:31:42,110
he realized he was part of a big job
that had to be done,

384
00:31:42,236 --> 00:31:46,657
and he was gonna do it
the way he did everything... full out.

385
00:31:46,740 --> 00:31:50,118
<i>And he went out on this mission...
Minh River...</i>

386
00:31:50,244 --> 00:31:53,163
<i>and it was a big assault mission
bringing elements...</i>

387
00:31:53,288 --> 00:31:57,501
to this area just south of Da Nang
along the railroad line.

388
00:31:57,626 --> 00:32:02,548
And they encountered heavy, sustained,
uh, automatic weapons fire.

389
00:32:02,673 --> 00:32:06,677
And the helicopter ahead of him,
I believe,

390
00:32:06,802 --> 00:32:11,056
was, uh, uh, destr...
was shot down.

391
00:32:11,181 --> 00:32:16,436
And then he went in
and his helicopter was, uh, uh...

392
00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:21,483
He was actually killed in flight.
That's what they...

393
00:32:21,567 --> 00:32:25,279
And the airplane crashed,
and he and his co... He was killed.

394
00:32:25,362 --> 00:32:28,031
His copilot was very badly injured.

395
00:32:28,157 --> 00:32:32,619
And I think there were 12
out of 15 or 16 of the people aboard...

396
00:32:32,703 --> 00:32:34,955
were either killed or badly hurt.

397
00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:52,014
<i>Many bombs, many coffins.</i>

398
00:32:53,348 --> 00:32:55,392
<i>These are for children.</i>

399
00:32:58,228 --> 00:33:02,524
<i>Eight or nine hundred a week.
I have lost seven children myself.</i>

400
00:33:05,027 --> 00:33:07,988
<i>Many have died here.</i>

401
00:33:08,071 --> 00:33:12,951
<i>It's nothing like in the countryside.
Many more have died there.</i>

402
00:33:16,997 --> 00:33:21,835
<i>In the country, there are no coffins.
There's no money to buy them.</i>

403
00:33:25,672 --> 00:33:27,633
<i>How did all the children die?</i>

404
00:33:30,135 --> 00:33:34,348
<i>Poison. Poison, you know.</i>

405
00:33:38,352 --> 00:33:44,024
<i>These planes keep spouting and spraying
the stuff, and so many people have died.</i>

406
00:33:46,276 --> 00:33:49,071
<i>It seems to destroy their intestines.</i>

407
00:33:49,154 --> 00:33:53,075
<i>With this spraying and bombing,
so many have died.</i>

408
00:33:56,328 --> 00:34:00,290
<i>Each day, right on time,
the bomb craters appear.</i>

409
00:34:05,379 --> 00:34:08,340
<i>Hundreds of tons
are dropped each day.</i>

410
00:34:16,890 --> 00:34:19,518
<i>And we can't talk about it.
We can't talk about it...</i>

411
00:34:19,643 --> 00:34:22,145
<i>because we are afraid
of the government.</i>

412
00:34:40,831 --> 00:34:43,375
Come on.

413
00:34:51,633 --> 00:34:54,803
- You look nice.
- How do you feel?

414
00:34:54,887 --> 00:34:56,805
What'd you do?

415
00:34:56,889 --> 00:34:59,308
Uh, shaved.

416
00:34:59,433 --> 00:35:01,518
I liked it better long.

417
00:35:03,520 --> 00:35:06,023
So what you been doing?

418
00:35:08,817 --> 00:35:10,861
<i>In little more than a week,</i>

419
00:35:10,986 --> 00:35:14,156
I'll be going back to the military.

420
00:35:14,239 --> 00:35:17,159
<i>You what?</i>

421
00:35:17,242 --> 00:35:19,995
<i>- Why?
- Well...</i>

422
00:35:22,789 --> 00:35:25,751
After what they've done to you?

423
00:35:27,836 --> 00:35:30,506
<i>Well, it's...</i>

424
00:35:30,589 --> 00:35:33,008
it's a choice between that...

425
00:35:34,676 --> 00:35:38,138
or, uh, Canada, again.

426
00:35:39,890 --> 00:35:42,851
Or, uh, staying underground.

427
00:35:44,061 --> 00:35:46,688
Which is, uh, as you know,
impossible...

428
00:35:46,813 --> 00:35:49,733
<i>- Have you been in contact with them?
- No.</i>

429
00:35:49,858 --> 00:35:52,110
No. But I've got a lot of support.

430
00:35:52,236 --> 00:35:54,112
<i>You'll get the same deal
Mike's getting.</i>

431
00:35:54,238 --> 00:35:58,033
<i>It's going to be a different type thing.
I'm going back publicly.</i>

432
00:35:58,116 --> 00:36:02,037
<i>We're having, uh,
Ad Hoc Congressional Hearings.</i>

433
00:36:02,120 --> 00:36:03,080
Yeah?

434
00:36:03,205 --> 00:36:05,541
It's really been building up
over the past couple of months.

435
00:36:05,624 --> 00:36:10,003
<i>- And...
- Am I going to be able to be there?</i>

436
00:36:10,087 --> 00:36:14,174
Of course you're going to be there.
I'm gonna try to get Ronnie there, too.

437
00:36:14,258 --> 00:36:16,510
<i>"Cause you know what
I feel about the army.</i>

438
00:36:16,593 --> 00:36:20,889
These people holding their heads high
because they lost a son...

439
00:36:20,973 --> 00:36:22,891
in Vietnam or something.

440
00:36:22,975 --> 00:36:25,394
I don't think
that's much to be proud of.

441
00:36:28,021 --> 00:36:31,733
They've lost more than they'll ever gain
for the rest of their lives.

442
00:36:35,571 --> 00:36:39,575
And I remember
I was sitting at the base of the hill,

443
00:36:39,700 --> 00:36:42,369
and I was on one of the tanks.

444
00:36:42,452 --> 00:36:45,539
And I had an M-16,
and I had stacks of magazines.

445
00:36:45,622 --> 00:36:47,833
And there were two guys, you know,

446
00:36:47,958 --> 00:36:51,962
that were going through,
like, some grass and bam!

447
00:36:52,087 --> 00:36:55,132
I dinged in on one of'em,
and I nailed him, you know.

448
00:36:55,257 --> 00:36:59,928
And the Aussie with me confirmed,
you know, that I dinged him.

449
00:37:00,012 --> 00:37:02,723
And I felt good.
And I wanted more.

450
00:37:02,806 --> 00:37:07,811
And it wasn't that I wanted more
for politics or anything like that.

451
00:37:07,936 --> 00:37:11,565
No. I couldn't of cared
if they were whatever.

452
00:37:11,648 --> 00:37:16,111
I just wanted them because
they were the opposition, the enemy.

453
00:37:16,195 --> 00:37:19,823
Stinking little savages.
Wipe 'em out, I say.

454
00:37:19,948 --> 00:37:22,743
Wipe 'em out.
Wipe 'em off the face of the earth!

455
00:37:23,994 --> 00:37:26,455
Will we ever understand
these Eastern races?

456
00:37:26,580 --> 00:37:28,832
Hit me, Poon Soon.

457
00:37:32,961 --> 00:37:34,796
You hideous yellow monster!

458
00:37:34,880 --> 00:37:38,342
I wanted to go out
and kill some gooks, you know?

459
00:37:38,425 --> 00:37:43,180
I-I really... I-I don't know. I guess
I had been totally brainwashed,

460
00:37:43,305 --> 00:37:46,808
because I could remember when
people used to call me "blanket ass"...

461
00:37:46,934 --> 00:37:49,186
or "chief"
and they still did, you know?

462
00:37:49,311 --> 00:37:53,106
I think my name was, uh,
Ira Hayes in boot camp.

463
00:37:53,190 --> 00:37:57,110
Either Ira Hayes or squaw, depending on
what mood the drill instructor was in.

464
00:37:57,194 --> 00:38:00,489
But there I was, you know,
saying I wanted to go kill some gooks.

465
00:38:00,614 --> 00:38:05,494
They were instructed
to remove the eyes of the individual...

466
00:38:05,577 --> 00:38:08,205
and place them in a hole
in the middle of the back,

467
00:38:08,330 --> 00:38:10,999
and that would say to the Vietnamese,
you have to understand,

468
00:38:11,083 --> 00:38:13,961
uh, that whoever did that
was ubiquitous.

469
00:38:14,044 --> 00:38:16,672
In other words,
the eye being the symbol of ubiquity,

470
00:38:16,797 --> 00:38:20,509
uh, or of all-present, all-powerfulness
on the part of the Saigon government.

471
00:38:20,634 --> 00:38:24,763
Which is an easy message
for the local villagers to get.

472
00:38:24,888 --> 00:38:27,766
In fact, the American advisors didn't
have that much of a stomach for it.

473
00:38:27,891 --> 00:38:31,562
So they used to use CBS logos.

474
00:38:31,687 --> 00:38:33,647
You know, the eye of CBS?

475
00:38:33,730 --> 00:38:36,275
And they would kill the individual
and then they would leave him...

476
00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:38,360
with kind of a calling card on him.

477
00:38:38,485 --> 00:38:42,531
<i>At one point, I was invited to go along
on an airborne interrogation...</i>

478
00:38:42,656 --> 00:38:45,325
<i>in a helicopter with the marines
northwest of Da Nang.</i>

479
00:38:45,409 --> 00:38:47,703
<i>And they took along
two Vietnamese.</i>

480
00:38:47,828 --> 00:38:51,623
<i>And one was already reduced
by beatings with a rubber hose...</i>

481
00:38:51,748 --> 00:38:54,877
<i>and some other methods
of, uh, beating and torture...</i>

482
00:38:55,002 --> 00:38:57,379
<i>to the point where he couldn't talk,
he couldn't respond.</i>

483
00:38:57,504 --> 00:39:01,925
<i>As an example to the one
they wanted to question, they'd say,</i>

484
00:39:02,050 --> 00:39:04,011
"If you don't tell us
what we want to know,

485
00:39:04,094 --> 00:39:06,096
we're gonna throw you
out of the helicopter."

486
00:39:06,221 --> 00:39:08,974
And, uh, he couldn't respond.
He didn't understand.

487
00:39:09,099 --> 00:39:12,519
They were using, uh, pigeon Vietnamese,
which he didn't understand.

488
00:39:12,603 --> 00:39:14,521
It was more English
than Vietnamese.

489
00:39:14,605 --> 00:39:17,357
They'd run him up to the helicopter...
two hefty E.M. were along...

490
00:39:17,441 --> 00:39:21,904
they'd take him by each elbow and run
him up to the door of the helicopter.

491
00:39:21,987 --> 00:39:25,407
They'd do this three or four times.
He was reduced to whimpering and crying.

492
00:39:25,491 --> 00:39:29,828
And they finally, um,
uh, told him that this was the last run.

493
00:39:29,953 --> 00:39:33,665
He still responded the same way, and
they winged him out of the helicopter.

494
00:39:33,790 --> 00:39:38,086
The second fellow
immediately started to babble.

495
00:39:38,170 --> 00:39:40,088
Anything he could tell them.

496
00:39:40,172 --> 00:39:43,467
Any kind of information
he could give them for one goal.

497
00:39:43,592 --> 00:39:45,719
And that was to reach the ground
alive again.

498
00:39:45,802 --> 00:39:49,056
I just can't see in my mind somebody
throwing somebody out of a helicopter.

499
00:39:49,139 --> 00:39:52,893
I don't believe this kind of stuff
happened. Maybe it did. I don't know.

500
00:39:52,976 --> 00:39:55,103
I never saw it, put it that way.

501
00:39:56,855 --> 00:40:02,319
I've seen G.I.'s get mad and, uh, uh,
rather than shoot one of these dinks,

502
00:40:02,444 --> 00:40:06,156
uh, just punch him right out, yeah,
with his hands.

503
00:40:08,450 --> 00:40:11,537
<i>Americans say
Vietnamese are just slant-eyed savages.</i>

504
00:40:11,662 --> 00:40:14,498
<i>The Vietnamese have
5,000 years of history.</i>

505
00:40:14,623 --> 00:40:19,419
<i>We fight against the invaders.
It is not we who are the savages.</i>

506
00:40:35,352 --> 00:40:37,521
I don't know where they are.
That's the worst thing.

507
00:40:37,646 --> 00:40:40,524
Right around and run into the sewers
and the gutters, anywhere.

508
00:40:40,649 --> 00:40:44,069
They can be anywhere. Just hopin'
you can stay alive from day to day.

509
00:40:44,194 --> 00:40:47,239
I just want to go back home
and go to school. That's about it.

510
00:40:47,364 --> 00:40:49,324
<i>- Have you lost any friends?
- Quite a few.</i>

511
00:40:49,449 --> 00:40:53,745
We lost one the other day.
The whole thing stinks.

512
00:40:58,041 --> 00:41:00,627
<i>The dude in the foxhole with me,
he was dead.</i>

513
00:41:00,711 --> 00:41:05,424
And, like, here come the jets.
Everybody's, "Yay, jets! Do it to 'em.

514
00:41:05,549 --> 00:41:07,759
Get these motherfuckers off our ass."
You know.

515
00:41:07,885 --> 00:41:10,304
'Cause they were diggin'
in our behind real good.

516
00:41:10,387 --> 00:41:13,724
And, like, the jet came in
and "Yay, jet, get 'em."

517
00:41:13,849 --> 00:41:16,560
And you see 'em swoopin' all around.
"Yay, jet, get 'em."

518
00:41:16,685 --> 00:41:19,938
And he came over that way
and let it go, and you say, "Uh-oh."

519
00:41:20,063 --> 00:41:23,192
And you could see it's napalm cannister,
because you can tell 'em.

520
00:41:23,275 --> 00:41:27,154
They spin asshole over head, backwards
as they're tumbling through the air.

521
00:41:27,237 --> 00:41:30,824
And the thing is just tumbling down.
You know it's coming right at you.

522
00:41:30,908 --> 00:41:34,369
You know. And, like, wow.
The napalm hit, I grabbed this dude,

523
00:41:34,495 --> 00:41:36,997
just put him up over my head
in the hole like that.

524
00:41:37,080 --> 00:41:40,918
Fuckin' napalm went down the whole line.
Just creamed everybody in the line.

525
00:41:41,043 --> 00:41:44,546
Thirty-five dudes, man, just burnt.
Post-toasty to the bitter, you dig?

526
00:41:44,671 --> 00:41:47,132
And that napalm was just drippin' on
both sides of this dude.

527
00:41:47,257 --> 00:41:49,968
He's dead, you know. I'm just
holdin' him up, using him as a shield.

528
00:41:50,093 --> 00:41:53,222
I just chunked this dude off of me
and just sprung out of the hole.

529
00:41:53,305 --> 00:41:55,849
I didn't know which way I was going
outside of back, you dig?

530
00:41:55,974 --> 00:41:57,893
And just ran through.
Burned my pants off.

531
00:41:57,976 --> 00:42:01,522
Spent the rest of the battle running
with no drawers. My stuff hanging out.

532
00:42:01,605 --> 00:42:04,525
You ever try to fight a battle
without any drawers on, man?

533
00:42:06,610 --> 00:42:09,696
Awful sick of it.
I'll be so glad to go home.

534
00:42:09,780 --> 00:42:14,576
I don't know. It's the worst area we've
been in since I've been in Vietnam.

535
00:42:14,701 --> 00:42:16,787
You think it's worth it?

536
00:42:16,912 --> 00:42:21,375
Yeah. I don't know. They say we're
fighting for something. I don't know.

537
00:42:21,500 --> 00:42:26,129
I was at a very kind of
sobering thing last night.

538
00:42:26,255 --> 00:42:29,091
Memorial service for four men
in the second squadron...

539
00:42:29,216 --> 00:42:31,176
who were killed the other day.

540
00:42:31,301 --> 00:42:33,470
One of them being a medic.

541
00:42:33,595 --> 00:42:36,181
And, uh, the place was just packed.

542
00:42:36,306 --> 00:42:39,268
And we sang three hymns
and had a nice prayer.

543
00:42:39,351 --> 00:42:43,230
I turned around, looked at their faces,
and they were...

544
00:42:43,313 --> 00:42:48,569
I was just proud.
My-My, uh, feeling for America...

545
00:42:48,652 --> 00:42:50,779
just soared because of their...

546
00:42:50,863 --> 00:42:53,157
The way they looked.
They looked determined...

547
00:42:53,282 --> 00:42:56,285
and-and-and reverent
at the same time.

548
00:42:56,410 --> 00:43:00,831
But still they're
a bloody good bunch of killers.

549
00:43:02,332 --> 00:43:05,794
<i>"When you go forth to war
against your enemies...</i>

550
00:43:05,919 --> 00:43:10,757
<i>and see horses and chariots
in an army larger than your own,</i>

551
00:43:10,841 --> 00:43:14,136
<i>you shall not be afraid. "</i>

552
00:43:14,219 --> 00:43:17,764
<i>Well, let's not anybody
be so naive as to think we're here,</i>

553
00:43:17,890 --> 00:43:20,976
in any way,
to worship football.

554
00:43:22,477 --> 00:43:26,732
Nor are we here,
as I'm sure many people believe,

555
00:43:26,857 --> 00:43:29,776
to pray for a victory.

556
00:43:31,028 --> 00:43:33,197
We believe in victory.

557
00:43:33,322 --> 00:43:36,158
We believe it will come to the team
that's best prepared.

558
00:43:36,241 --> 00:43:39,786
<i>This is serious business
that we're involved in.</i>

559
00:43:39,912 --> 00:43:43,540
<i>And that's religious,
and God cares.</i>

560
00:43:43,665 --> 00:43:47,753
There are going to be men made tonight.

561
00:43:47,878 --> 00:43:50,839
And that's religious,
and God cares about that.

562
00:43:54,635 --> 00:43:57,304
We're concerned about the big game.

563
00:43:59,014 --> 00:44:01,183
But we're also concerned
about the bigger game,

564
00:44:01,308 --> 00:44:05,812
the biggest game of all
that surrounds us: The game of life.

565
00:44:07,940 --> 00:44:10,359
May you be winners.

566
00:44:10,484 --> 00:44:12,861
Winners in the big game.

567
00:44:12,945 --> 00:44:17,699
But even more importantly,
winners in the biggest game of all,

568
00:44:17,825 --> 00:44:21,203
which we all play.
Let us pray.

569
00:44:25,374 --> 00:44:26,708
<i>That's a touchdown.</i>

570
00:44:30,379 --> 00:44:34,007
<i>Because we got our kids
geared to crack like hell.</i>

571
00:44:40,347 --> 00:44:44,852
<i>Holding, number 37.</i>

572
00:44:57,364 --> 00:44:59,867
<i>You got to tell them
they're number one, no matter what.</i>

573
00:44:59,950 --> 00:45:03,162
<i>- You're number one.</i>

574
00:45:03,287 --> 00:45:07,207
<i>Wow. Why don't you just say "wow"?</i>

575
00:45:07,291 --> 00:45:10,794
<i>- Say what?
- 'toy hoy" means "wow"?</i>

576
00:45:10,919 --> 00:45:12,796
- Toy hoy?
- Yeah.

577
00:45:12,921 --> 00:45:16,758
<i>Like, toy hoy means,
like, wow, you know?</i>

578
00:45:16,842 --> 00:45:19,595
<i>- Look at the hickeys I gave this chick.
- You gave her hickeys?</i>

579
00:45:19,678 --> 00:45:21,722
<i>- Yeah.
- I can imagine. Where?</i>

580
00:45:21,805 --> 00:45:25,601
<i>Uh, one on each side.</i>

581
00:45:25,726 --> 00:45:29,563
<i>- It's a place where she can't hide 'em.
- Oh, really?</i>

582
00:45:29,646 --> 00:45:32,941
See, this one? I gave her this one.

583
00:45:33,025 --> 00:45:35,027
And this one,
this is the first one right there.

584
00:45:35,152 --> 00:45:37,863
It came out kind of nasty, you know.

585
00:45:37,988 --> 00:45:40,824
- And... No can do, I know.
- Maybe he's dead.

586
00:45:40,949 --> 00:45:43,785
<i>- He's not dead. Wake him up.
- No can wakey up.</i>

587
00:45:43,911 --> 00:45:46,246
Why?

588
00:45:46,330 --> 00:45:50,000
<i>- Wakey him up. He no hard.
- Huh? Why he's no hard?</i>

589
00:45:50,125 --> 00:45:52,002
<i>- Uh-huh.
- 'Cause you no wake him up.</i>

590
00:45:52,127 --> 00:45:55,339
<i>Hey, Charles.
You getting anything out of yours?</i>

591
00:45:55,464 --> 00:46:00,135
This one's, uh, kind of sour on me,
you know? Uh...

592
00:46:00,260 --> 00:46:02,930
<i>- Well, keep her going, man.
- Huh?</i>

593
00:46:03,013 --> 00:46:05,849
<i>- Keep her going.
- I'm trying to.</i>

594
00:46:05,974 --> 00:46:08,644
You know what it is about
these chicks down here,

595
00:46:08,769 --> 00:46:12,773
like, they're, uh...
Well, what would you want to do...

596
00:46:12,898 --> 00:46:15,192
except for, you know,
have a ball with them.

597
00:46:15,317 --> 00:46:18,237
- And, uh... Right?
- Right.

598
00:46:18,362 --> 00:46:20,322
You're number one.

599
00:46:20,405 --> 00:46:23,158
<i>This one's got
a set of knockers, man.</i>

600
00:46:23,242 --> 00:46:25,702
<i>This one does, too,
but she won't take her goddamn bra off.</i>

601
00:46:25,828 --> 00:46:26,787
Take it off for her.

602
00:46:26,912 --> 00:46:28,831
<i>Take it off for her?</i>

603
00:46:28,914 --> 00:46:31,625
<i>- That's the name of the game.
- Here, you don't want this.</i>

604
00:46:31,708 --> 00:46:34,711
I know. I know what you want.

605
00:46:34,837 --> 00:46:37,297
<i>- Hey. Hey, Charles. Charles.
- What?</i>

606
00:46:37,422 --> 00:46:40,592
Yeah?
It's about time.

607
00:46:44,179 --> 00:46:46,056
<i>Ah, you don't
be mad at me, okay?</i>

608
00:46:46,181 --> 00:46:48,559
It took you long enough,
you know that?

609
00:46:56,733 --> 00:47:00,237
<i>- Oh, yeah. Check it out, baby.
- Check it out later, man.</i>

610
00:47:00,362 --> 00:47:02,656
Check it out later? Mm!

611
00:47:17,421 --> 00:47:21,383
You know, if my chick at home
could see this now, man, she'd flip.

612
00:47:51,663 --> 00:47:55,083
One more.
Yeah, this man here.

613
00:48:05,010 --> 00:48:06,929
<i>Hurry up down that tunnel.</i>

614
00:48:07,012 --> 00:48:09,306
<i>Let's make a quick check and let's go.</i>

615
00:48:18,482 --> 00:48:21,318
<i>Okay, well, hurry it up
and check it out quickly.</i>

616
00:49:08,198 --> 00:49:10,075
Some people enjoy it,
some don't.

617
00:49:10,200 --> 00:49:14,496
Some just go out and do it as a job.
It's a daily grind.

618
00:49:14,580 --> 00:49:17,624
<i>- What is it for you?
- I enjoy it.</i>

619
00:49:28,260 --> 00:49:33,599
Now I know that he will have a very
important message for each one of us,

620
00:49:33,724 --> 00:49:36,935
so I want you all
to listen very attentively...

621
00:49:37,060 --> 00:49:39,813
to what he has to say to you.

622
00:49:39,897 --> 00:49:42,441
<i>- Lieutenant Coker.
- If you ever have to go to a war,</i>

623
00:49:42,566 --> 00:49:46,195
and unfortunately, someday
you probably will have to fight a war,

624
00:49:47,529 --> 00:49:50,866
you'll find out
that life becomes very simple.

625
00:49:50,949 --> 00:49:55,245
Because the only thing you're
concerned about is living and dying.

626
00:49:55,370 --> 00:49:57,956
Everything else is unimportant,

627
00:49:58,081 --> 00:50:01,376
because suddenly
your life is at stake.

628
00:50:01,460 --> 00:50:05,756
And that's what it's like to be
when you become a prisoner,

629
00:50:05,881 --> 00:50:08,050
particularly,
a prisoner of war.

630
00:50:08,133 --> 00:50:11,386
<i>Because the thing that got us through
were the things we learned...</i>

631
00:50:11,470 --> 00:50:14,515
<i>before we were ten years old.</i>

632
00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:16,892
<i>I'd like to open up
to questions now.</i>

633
00:50:16,975 --> 00:50:20,354
<i>Just raise your hand or yell it out
and you can ask any question you want.</i>

634
00:50:20,437 --> 00:50:23,273
<i>And l'll do the best I can
to answer them.</i>

635
00:50:24,817 --> 00:50:27,861
How did you feel when
the Vietnam war was over?

636
00:50:27,945 --> 00:50:30,656
How did I feel
when the war was over?

637
00:50:30,781 --> 00:50:33,492
I felt real good.
Real good.

638
00:50:33,617 --> 00:50:37,120
It was a long war
and a very difficult war to understand.

639
00:50:37,246 --> 00:50:41,291
But the reason we went there
was to win this war.

640
00:50:41,416 --> 00:50:44,795
I volunteered to go.
I'd go again if I had to.

641
00:50:44,920 --> 00:50:48,006
And we wanted to win.
That was our number one ambition.

642
00:50:48,131 --> 00:50:50,551
That's what we really wanted,
was to win this war.

643
00:50:50,634 --> 00:50:54,137
And it took us a long time.
So when we knew that we had won,

644
00:50:54,263 --> 00:50:57,224
we felt great;
we really felt great.

645
00:50:57,349 --> 00:51:01,728
<i>- What did Vietnam look like?
- What did Vietnam look like.</i>

646
00:51:01,812 --> 00:51:05,315
<i>Well, if it wasn't for the people,
it was very pretty.</i>

647
00:51:05,440 --> 00:51:07,609
<i>Uh, the people over there
are very backward and very primitive.</i>

648
00:51:07,734 --> 00:51:09,945
And they just make a mess
out of everything.

649
00:51:11,864 --> 00:51:14,032
How did you...
How did you, um...

650
00:51:14,158 --> 00:51:16,618
What do you feel about
the people that, um,

651
00:51:16,702 --> 00:51:19,705
went and burned their draft cards
and went into Canada?

652
00:51:19,830 --> 00:51:23,125
We don't agree with them.
I think these people were legally wrong.

653
00:51:23,208 --> 00:51:26,253
I think sometimes they were cowards.

654
00:51:26,336 --> 00:51:29,840
If they wanted to leave
and go to Canada, that's okay.

655
00:51:29,965 --> 00:51:32,885
<i>But they can't come back, though,
because they have disagreed.</i>

656
00:51:33,010 --> 00:51:36,138
<i>They say, "We don't like your country,
we don't like your people. "</i>

657
00:51:36,221 --> 00:51:38,140
They're saying that
to you and me.

658
00:51:38,223 --> 00:51:40,142
"I don't like you, so I'm leaving."

659
00:51:40,225 --> 00:51:44,229
Well, fine, that's okay. There's
no reason to hate a guy for that.

660
00:51:44,354 --> 00:51:47,983
'Cause that's also his right,
but he can't come back.

661
00:51:48,066 --> 00:51:51,778
Instead of helping and aiding
the Vietnamese people,

662
00:51:51,862 --> 00:51:56,617
I saw that we were party to their
deliberate and systematic destruction.

663
00:51:56,700 --> 00:52:02,122
The Vietnamese were considered,
less than humans, inferiors.

664
00:52:02,206 --> 00:52:05,501
We called them "gooks," "slopes."

665
00:52:05,626 --> 00:52:09,171
Their lives weren't worth anything to us
because we'd been taught to believe...

666
00:52:09,296 --> 00:52:12,382
that they were all fanatical
and that they were all V. C...

667
00:52:12,508 --> 00:52:15,177
<i>or V.C. sympathizers,
even the children.</i>

668
00:52:15,302 --> 00:52:17,179
Many of us, however,
began to understand...

669
00:52:17,304 --> 00:52:19,806
through our personal
experiences in Vietnam...

670
00:52:19,932 --> 00:52:23,519
the depth of the lies and deceptions
practiced upon us,

671
00:52:23,644 --> 00:52:27,147
and the American people,
by our country's leaders.

672
00:52:27,231 --> 00:52:30,400
It was they who trained us
to kill without question...

673
00:52:30,526 --> 00:52:33,612
and to hate our enemy...
the Vietnamese.

674
00:52:33,737 --> 00:52:38,158
They concocted such phrases
as "kill ratios", "search and destroy",

675
00:52:38,242 --> 00:52:42,287
"free fire zones",
"secure areas", and so on...

676
00:52:42,412 --> 00:52:47,417
to mask the reality
of their combat policy in Vietnam.

677
00:52:47,543 --> 00:52:50,379
<i>I make no apology
for this act of resistance.</i>

678
00:52:50,504 --> 00:52:53,215
<i>I could do nothing else
at the time.</i>

679
00:52:53,340 --> 00:52:56,260
But underground life
has become intolerable to me.

680
00:52:56,385 --> 00:53:01,807
So I'm here today to draw attention
to the true facts concerning my case...

681
00:53:01,932 --> 00:53:05,727
and the cases of tens of thousands
just like me.

682
00:53:05,811 --> 00:53:09,106
We are not criminals
to be hunted and imprisoned.

683
00:53:09,231 --> 00:53:14,736
Over a half million of us
have deserted the military since 1965.

684
00:53:14,862 --> 00:53:17,239
Most of us have already returned
to the military...

685
00:53:17,364 --> 00:53:19,867
to be punished with jail
and bad discharges...

686
00:53:19,950 --> 00:53:23,120
that will be carried around
for the rest of our lives.

687
00:53:23,245 --> 00:53:27,583
And it is a supreme irony
to be prosecuted by the very same men...

688
00:53:27,708 --> 00:53:31,753
who planned and executed
a genocidal war in Indochina.

689
00:53:31,879 --> 00:53:35,757
Now, inside this hearing room,
Eddie Sowders has surrendered himself.

690
00:53:35,883 --> 00:53:39,803
Urged on, he says, by a hand-to-mouth
underground existence...

691
00:53:39,928 --> 00:53:43,140
that still nags at many
of his fellow deserters...

692
00:53:43,265 --> 00:53:45,434
who continue to look
over their shoulders.

693
00:53:45,517 --> 00:53:48,395
Paul Udell,
NBC News, Washington.

694
00:53:51,023 --> 00:53:53,317
<i>- How was your sound?
- One more time.</i>

695
00:53:55,444 --> 00:53:57,654
<i>Let me respectfully
tell the American people...</i>

696
00:53:57,779 --> 00:54:00,741
<i>that this is their dirtiest
and longest war.</i>

697
00:54:00,824 --> 00:54:03,452
<i>The Vietnamese fight
only in self-defense.</i>

698
00:54:03,535 --> 00:54:07,039
<i>Ultimately, the Americans
will see the light.</i>

699
00:54:07,164 --> 00:54:10,083
<i>If not, they will defeat themselves.</i>

700
00:54:10,167 --> 00:54:14,505
You know, Vietnam, uh,
reminded me of a... of a child,

701
00:54:14,630 --> 00:54:17,049
the developing of a child.

702
00:54:17,132 --> 00:54:20,677
The laws of nature control
the development of this child.

703
00:54:20,802 --> 00:54:22,721
A child has to sit up
before it crawls.

704
00:54:22,846 --> 00:54:24,806
It has to crawl
before it walks.

705
00:54:24,890 --> 00:54:26,934
It has to walk before it runs.

706
00:54:30,687 --> 00:54:33,315
<i>No matter how
many decades America fights,</i>

707
00:54:39,571 --> 00:54:43,659
<i>l'm telling you so that you will go back
and repeat it to President Nixon.</i>

708
00:54:47,412 --> 00:54:51,667
<i>Over here, as long as there is
rice to eat, we'll keep fighting.</i>

709
00:54:51,750 --> 00:54:56,880
<i>And if the rice runs out, then we'll
plow the fields and fight again.</i>

710
00:54:57,005 --> 00:55:00,592
I know very little about it
over there, I'll tell ya.

711
00:55:00,717 --> 00:55:03,804
And the less I know,
the better off I'll be.

712
00:55:03,887 --> 00:55:05,889
It has not affected me a whole lot.

713
00:55:06,014 --> 00:55:09,101
I mean, the American...
The way of life is still here.

714
00:55:09,184 --> 00:55:11,979
And if you work for it,
it's there for you.

715
00:55:12,062 --> 00:55:15,607
We're taught that we're
to obey our government,

716
00:55:15,732 --> 00:55:18,735
and I would have to go
if I was instructed to.

717
00:55:18,861 --> 00:55:20,737
Once in a while,
I think about it,

718
00:55:20,863 --> 00:55:24,533
but I like to think about the things
that are happening right now to me.

719
00:55:24,616 --> 00:55:27,536
I don't it's affected mine at all.

720
00:55:27,619 --> 00:55:31,373
I don't even know who we're fighting for
over there, to be real honest with you.

721
00:55:31,456 --> 00:55:34,543
I think we're fighting
for the North Vietnamese, ain't we?

722
00:55:39,047 --> 00:55:43,135
<i>I fled from Dau Tien
to go live in Suoi Dua.</i>

723
00:55:44,803 --> 00:55:48,182
<i>Then I was allowed to go back,
and I went back...</i>

724
00:55:48,265 --> 00:55:50,684
<i>and stayed in Ben Chua.</i>

725
00:55:52,311 --> 00:55:56,273
<i>While I was in Ben Chua,
trouble broke out again.</i>

726
00:55:56,398 --> 00:56:00,319
<i>So I was taken up to Co Tach.</i>

727
00:56:00,444 --> 00:56:03,447
<i>I was picked up again
and sent to Ben Chua...</i>

728
00:56:03,572 --> 00:56:05,949
<i>to be lumped together
with the others.</i>

729
00:56:10,287 --> 00:56:15,125
<i>My house burned down
while I was away.</i>

730
00:56:15,250 --> 00:56:17,294
<i>Once more,
I got sent to Co Tach.</i>

731
00:56:19,963 --> 00:56:24,927
<i>I've fled five, six,
at least seven times already.</i>

732
00:56:26,887 --> 00:56:32,100
<i>The lives of my countrymen
are worth no more than that of a fly.</i>

733
00:56:32,184 --> 00:56:35,729
<i>You take it and swat it dead...</i>

734
00:56:35,813 --> 00:56:37,815
<i>just like that.</i>

735
00:57:12,057 --> 00:57:15,310
<i>Ladies, listen to me.</i>

736
00:57:15,394 --> 00:57:20,107
<i>There were some women amusing themselves
and one pushed the other onto a table.</i>

737
00:57:20,190 --> 00:57:23,485
<i>The lady's falsies
broke the table in two.</i>

738
00:57:25,529 --> 00:57:30,409
<i>If a table breaks, think of what
would happen to a man's face.</i>

739
00:57:32,077 --> 00:57:35,080
<i>Watch it, they're filming. Don't joke.</i>

740
00:57:35,205 --> 00:57:38,333
<i>People in America
will think we're ridiculous.</i>

741
00:57:41,295 --> 00:57:43,797
<i>We have about 15 companies now,</i>

742
00:57:43,922 --> 00:57:49,011
<i>including an insurance company
and a tractor company.</i>

743
00:57:49,136 --> 00:57:53,182
<i>We are in the hotel business,
in the travel agency business.</i>

744
00:57:53,307 --> 00:57:58,020
<i>We are the exclusive dealer
for Ford in the country, Ford cars.</i>

745
00:57:58,145 --> 00:58:00,814
<i>Oh, many, many other things,</i>

746
00:58:00,898 --> 00:58:02,816
<i>like, uh, an oil company in the forming.</i>

747
00:58:02,900 --> 00:58:06,862
<i>We, uh, have a bottling company.
In other words, uh,</i>

748
00:58:06,987 --> 00:58:10,532
<i>we greatly...we greatly believe
in the future of this country,</i>

749
00:58:10,657 --> 00:58:13,494
<i>and, uh, we think
there's a great future for Vietnam.</i>

750
00:58:13,577 --> 00:58:17,581
<i>And, uh, we think
that Vietnam will be liveable,</i>

751
00:58:17,706 --> 00:58:19,750
<i>will not go communist,</i>

752
00:58:19,875 --> 00:58:22,252
<i>because otherwise,
all these companies will go to waste.</i>

753
00:58:22,377 --> 00:58:26,048
<i>And the way we work
is we take a calculated risk.</i>

754
00:58:26,173 --> 00:58:30,135
<i>If we don't lose South Vietnam
within the next three to five years,</i>

755
00:58:30,260 --> 00:58:32,387
<i>then nobody can catch up with us.</i>

756
00:58:32,471 --> 00:58:37,684
I'm a Johnny-come-lately as far
as war profiteering is concerned.

757
00:58:38,852 --> 00:58:41,563
Uh, the reason why I...

758
00:58:41,647 --> 00:58:46,693
uh, organized this group of companies
is because when I was in Paris,

759
00:58:46,777 --> 00:58:50,364
I saw that peace was coming,
whether we liked it or not.

760
00:58:50,489 --> 00:58:54,409
Therefore, I got home
in order to prepare for peace.

761
00:58:54,493 --> 00:58:59,998
All these companies have been organized
in order to prepare for peace...

762
00:59:00,123 --> 00:59:04,253
and prepare for the economic takeoff
that will come with peace.

763
00:59:04,336 --> 00:59:08,924
We have the infrastructure of hotels,
of travel agencies and things like that.

764
00:59:09,049 --> 00:59:13,387
But, of course, there are no tourists
in Vietnam now. But there will be.

765
00:59:13,470 --> 00:59:16,932
And, uh, we are getting
ready for that sort of thing.

766
00:59:33,991 --> 00:59:35,951
<i>Does it feel comfortable?</i>

767
01:00:27,503 --> 01:00:31,715
<i>Keep it flat.
Just like you do with your good leg.</i>

768
01:00:31,840 --> 01:00:34,259
<i>Now try to walk.</i>

769
01:00:42,226 --> 01:00:45,270
<i>Well, it really isn't that much.
We were just walking and...</i>

770
01:00:45,395 --> 01:00:50,275
We were walking on a patrol
and, uh, we ran into an ambush.

771
01:00:50,400 --> 01:00:52,277
About six, seven guys
really got hurt.

772
01:00:52,402 --> 01:00:55,781
Ran into a battalion ambush,
they said it was.

773
01:00:55,864 --> 01:01:00,285
And it was supposed to be one
of the biggest ambushes ofTet season.

774
01:01:00,410 --> 01:01:06,291
And we called in two or three medivacs,
and they got hit.

775
01:01:06,416 --> 01:01:10,295
So, finally, the last one
came in and got us out.

776
01:01:10,420 --> 01:01:14,466
From that, I never saw any of the others
I was with, except for one or two.

777
01:01:14,550 --> 01:01:16,468
And that was about it.

778
01:01:16,552 --> 01:01:20,180
Most of the guys I keep in touch with
are guys in the hospital.

779
01:01:20,264 --> 01:01:22,474
They usually have a reunion
once a year.

780
01:01:26,103 --> 01:01:28,897
That's about it. There's really
not that much to talk about.

781
01:01:32,025 --> 01:01:37,573
Here we are for one thing that we said,
and I don't give a shit now.

782
01:01:37,698 --> 01:01:40,075
I don't care
about the football game now.

783
01:01:40,159 --> 01:01:42,327
I don't care about anything now.

784
01:01:42,452 --> 01:01:46,331
The one thing that we wanna show
these bastards with Masillon pride...

785
01:01:46,456 --> 01:01:48,834
is that we come down
and show 'em a great Masillon effort.

786
01:01:48,917 --> 01:01:52,004
And what the piss you doing?
What are ya doing?

787
01:01:52,129 --> 01:01:54,006
Get going!
Goddamn it, Tony!

788
01:01:54,131 --> 01:01:56,341
Don't let 'em beat us!
Don't let 'em beat us!

789
01:01:56,466 --> 01:01:58,343
Let's go!
Show 'em Masillon pride.

790
01:01:58,468 --> 01:02:00,846
- Come on! Go!
- Go!

791
01:02:00,929 --> 01:02:03,307
<i>Go, go, go, go!</i>

792
01:02:17,988 --> 01:02:20,073
<i>Get him! Get him!</i>

793
01:02:27,915 --> 01:02:30,125
Make no mistake about it.

794
01:02:31,752 --> 01:02:33,879
I don't want a man in here...

795
01:02:33,962 --> 01:02:37,382
To go back home
thinking otherwise.

796
01:02:37,508 --> 01:02:39,801
We are going to win.

797
01:03:01,156 --> 01:03:02,991
Go, motherfucker! Go!

798
01:03:03,075 --> 01:03:04,993
<i>Since the Lunar New Year,</i>

799
01:03:05,077 --> 01:03:07,913
<i>the Vietcong and North Vietnamese
have proved they are capable...</i>

800
01:03:07,996 --> 01:03:10,499
<i>of bold and impressive
military moves...</i>

801
01:03:10,624 --> 01:03:13,418
<i>that Americans here
never dreamed could be achieved.</i>

802
01:03:13,544 --> 01:03:18,006
<i>Whether the Vietcong can sustain
this onslaught long remains to be seen,</i>

803
01:03:18,131 --> 01:03:20,342
<i>but whatever turn this war now takes,</i>

804
01:03:20,467 --> 01:03:23,595
<i>the capture of the U.S. Embassy
in Saigon for seven hours...</i>

805
01:03:23,679 --> 01:03:27,099
<i>will be a story to rally
and inspire the Vietcong.</i>

806
01:03:27,182 --> 01:03:31,812
<i>Don North, ABC news,
at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon.</i>

807
01:03:31,895 --> 01:03:36,108
<i>I know that, as was the case in
the Battle of the Bulge in World War II,</i>

808
01:03:36,191 --> 01:03:39,111
that after the enemy exposed himself,
we would defeat him.

809
01:03:39,194 --> 01:03:43,031
He would be weakened,
and we could follow that up.

810
01:03:43,157 --> 01:03:45,450
Through the use of, uh,

811
01:03:45,576 --> 01:03:49,621
the maximum military force
that we could bring to bear on him,

812
01:03:49,705 --> 01:03:52,624
through the bombing,
through the mining of the harbors,

813
01:03:52,708 --> 01:03:55,127
through the cutting
of his lines of communication,

814
01:03:55,210 --> 01:03:57,462
by moving in
and cleaning out his sanctuaries,

815
01:03:57,588 --> 01:03:59,882
the enemy would have no choice...

816
01:03:59,965 --> 01:04:02,009
but to come
to some accommodation.

817
01:04:02,092 --> 01:04:04,553
<i>In the beginning of 1968,</i>

818
01:04:04,678 --> 01:04:08,640
<i>General Westmoreland
needed 206,000 more troops.</i>

819
01:04:08,724 --> 01:04:11,727
<i>We met hour after hour
after hour in the Pentagon.</i>

820
01:04:11,810 --> 01:04:17,441
And I started in and asked
theJoint Chiefs of Staff,

821
01:04:17,566 --> 01:04:20,194
<i>"How long do you think that
we'll still be in the war?"</i>

822
01:04:20,277 --> 01:04:22,404
None of them knew.

823
01:04:22,529 --> 01:04:26,909
"Uh, do you think that
the 206,000 men will be enough?"

824
01:04:26,992 --> 01:04:28,911
Nobody knew.

825
01:04:28,994 --> 01:04:32,998
"Uh, might we have to send more men?"
"Well, possibly."

826
01:04:33,081 --> 01:04:35,000
"Well, in six months?"
"We don't know."

827
01:04:35,083 --> 01:04:36,752
"A year? Eighteen months?"

828
01:04:36,877 --> 01:04:39,421
I couldn't get answers
to these questions.

829
01:04:39,546 --> 01:04:43,509
By the end of that
four-day interrogation,

830
01:04:43,634 --> 01:04:47,429
I was getting down... by the end of it...
into very serious questions,

831
01:04:47,554 --> 01:04:52,851
"Do any of you men,
as you look at it objectively,

832
01:04:52,935 --> 01:04:58,357
do you find any diminution
in the will of the enemy to fight?"

833
01:04:58,482 --> 01:05:00,692
Well, they said,
"No, we guess we don't."

834
01:05:00,776 --> 01:05:04,196
"Are they sending the same number of men
down through the Ho Chi Minh trail?"

835
01:05:04,279 --> 01:05:08,200
"Well, yes, and even
they might be a little more."

836
01:05:08,283 --> 01:05:13,205
"And how about our bombing? We've placed
great reliance on our bombing.

837
01:05:13,288 --> 01:05:15,624
Is our bombing stopping them?"
"No."

838
01:05:15,707 --> 01:05:19,127
"Well, what is the amount of attrition
that our bombing's causing?"

839
01:05:19,253 --> 01:05:22,464
"Well, maybe 10 to 15 percent."

840
01:05:22,589 --> 01:05:24,883
So I remember
asking one question.

841
01:05:24,967 --> 01:05:30,305
"If a North Vietnamese field commander
in South Vietnam needed 1,000 men..."

842
01:05:30,389 --> 01:05:32,307
They said, "Yes."

843
01:05:32,391 --> 01:05:36,019
"If he asked for, say, 1,200 men,

844
01:05:36,145 --> 01:05:38,021
1,000 would get through?"

845
01:05:38,147 --> 01:05:40,023
"Well, that's right."

846
01:05:40,149 --> 01:05:43,569
'then he'd have the thousand he needed."
"Well, yes. That's so."

847
01:05:43,694 --> 01:05:46,572
Well, this type of interrogation...

848
01:05:46,697 --> 01:05:48,907
Finally, by the end
of four or five days,

849
01:05:48,991 --> 01:05:51,743
I must say that my thinking...

850
01:05:51,827 --> 01:05:55,956
had undergone
a very substantial revolution.

851
01:06:12,931 --> 01:06:16,185
<i>Come on, everybody!</i>

852
01:06:31,408 --> 01:06:34,953
<i>As long as
the American President...</i>

853
01:06:35,037 --> 01:06:38,499
<i>is commander in chief...</i>

854
01:06:38,582 --> 01:06:44,296
<i>of the biggest war machine
in human history,</i>

855
01:06:44,379 --> 01:06:47,466
<i>with bases on every continent,</i>

856
01:06:47,549 --> 01:06:50,302
<i>we are going to get into trouble.</i>

857
01:06:50,385 --> 01:06:55,766
<i>Our enemy is the growing militarization
of American life.</i>

858
01:06:55,891 --> 01:06:59,728
<i>Our enemy
is American imperialism.</i>

859
01:06:59,853 --> 01:07:02,147
<i>And there is an awakening.</i>

860
01:07:03,690 --> 01:07:07,653
The enemy was on the ropes
after the Tet offensive was over.

861
01:07:07,778 --> 01:07:10,239
And it's like two boxers
in the ring.

862
01:07:10,364 --> 01:07:12,491
One boxer has the other one
on the ropes,

863
01:07:12,574 --> 01:07:15,494
but the man
who is about to be the victor...

864
01:07:15,577 --> 01:07:18,080
has his second
throw the towel in.

865
01:07:18,163 --> 01:07:20,207
Accordingly,

866
01:07:21,708 --> 01:07:23,710
I shall not seek...

867
01:07:24,920 --> 01:07:27,673
and I will not accept...

868
01:07:27,798 --> 01:07:31,593
the nomination of my party
for another term as your president.

869
01:07:32,636 --> 01:07:34,555
I don't think we helped 'em one bit.

870
01:07:34,638 --> 01:07:37,349
All I think we've done is
destroyed their country, laid it waste.

871
01:07:37,432 --> 01:07:40,102
No. I don't think we helped 'em.

872
01:07:40,227 --> 01:07:43,772
As fellow human beings, I don't think
they should be there doing that.

873
01:07:43,897 --> 01:07:46,400
Certainly a mature person
can say they made a mistake.

874
01:07:46,483 --> 01:07:47,943
Why can't a government?

875
01:07:48,068 --> 01:07:52,447
You let us all go off to war and said,
"Yea, team. Fight in Vietnam,"

876
01:07:52,573 --> 01:07:55,367
and all this kinda shit
in 1965 through 1968.

877
01:07:55,450 --> 01:07:59,872
Now 1968 comes along and "Boo, team.
Come on home," and all this shit.

878
01:07:59,955 --> 01:08:02,708
"And don't say nothin' about it,
'cause we don't want to hear about it...

879
01:08:02,791 --> 01:08:04,710
'cause it's upsetting
around dinnertime."

880
01:08:04,793 --> 01:08:07,045
Well, Goddamn. It upset me
for a whole goddamn year.

881
01:08:07,129 --> 01:08:10,048
It upset a lot of people to the point
where they're fuckin' dead, you know?

882
01:08:10,132 --> 01:08:13,051
All this shit. You don't wanna
hear about it? I'll tell you every day.

883
01:08:13,135 --> 01:08:15,554
Make you sit out
and puke on your dinner, you dig?

884
01:08:15,637 --> 01:08:18,557
Because you got me over there,
and now you done brought me back here...

885
01:08:18,640 --> 01:08:21,727
and you wanna forget it so somebody else
can go do it somewhere else.

886
01:08:21,810 --> 01:08:23,896
Hell no. Uh-uh.
You gonna hear it all.

887
01:08:23,979 --> 01:08:28,233
Every day as long as you live, because
it's gonna be with me as long as I live.

888
01:08:28,317 --> 01:08:30,444
When I get up in the morning,
when John gets up,

889
01:08:30,527 --> 01:08:32,571
when a lot of dudes sitting here get up,

890
01:08:32,654 --> 01:08:34,740
man, their gut hurts
because they got shot there.

891
01:08:34,823 --> 01:08:37,743
I gotta put on an arm and a leg,
'cause it ain't there no more, you dig?

892
01:08:37,826 --> 01:08:41,246
Now, my man's got a hole in his stomach.
He can't work right, you know?

893
01:08:41,330 --> 01:08:44,750
You do something about that.
Make that all disappear, you dig?

894
01:08:44,833 --> 01:08:46,752
Make it all go away with the 6:00 news.

895
01:08:46,835 --> 01:08:49,421
Turn it off or switch it
to another channel.

896
01:08:49,505 --> 01:08:52,758
Uh-Uh. To hell with that, you dig?
It's here and it's for real.

897
01:08:52,841 --> 01:08:55,761
And it's gonna happen again
unless these folks get off their ass...

898
01:08:55,844 --> 01:08:57,846
<i>and realize it has happened.</i>

899
01:09:04,019 --> 01:09:08,440
<i>The country is ready to pass
a reasoned judgment on this war.</i>

900
01:09:08,524 --> 01:09:12,277
The people have judged, I think,
that it's unwise and immoral...

901
01:09:12,361 --> 01:09:15,113
and not in the national interest
of this country...

902
01:09:15,197 --> 01:09:17,699
and that, therefore,
it must be brought to an end.

903
01:09:21,912 --> 01:09:25,457
For 20 years, first the French,
and then the United States...

904
01:09:25,541 --> 01:09:28,794
had been predicting victory in Vietnam.

905
01:09:28,877 --> 01:09:31,964
In 1961 and in 1962,

906
01:09:32,047 --> 01:09:35,467
as well as 1966 and 1967,

907
01:09:35,551 --> 01:09:37,970
we have been told
that the tide is turning,

908
01:09:38,053 --> 01:09:40,139
there is a light
at the end of the tunnel,

909
01:09:40,222 --> 01:09:43,142
we can soon bring our troops home,

910
01:09:43,225 --> 01:09:46,228
victory is near, the enemy is tiring.

911
01:09:46,311 --> 01:09:48,355
Once, in 1962,

912
01:09:48,438 --> 01:09:52,985
I participated
in such a prediction myself.

913
01:09:53,068 --> 01:09:56,155
But for 20 years,
we have been wrong.

914
01:09:56,238 --> 01:09:58,657
The history of conflict
among nations...

915
01:09:58,740 --> 01:10:03,829
does not record another such lengthy
and consistent chronicle of error...

916
01:10:03,912 --> 01:10:06,415
as we have shown in Vietnam.

917
01:10:06,498 --> 01:10:09,418
I had just given the policy line,

918
01:10:09,543 --> 01:10:13,005
stayed up all night with
Adam Walinsky and Peter Edelman,

919
01:10:13,088 --> 01:10:15,007
helping on a speech
for Robert Kennedy...

920
01:10:15,090 --> 01:10:18,719
which proved to be his last speech
given in San Francisco here...

921
01:10:18,844 --> 01:10:22,014
to a businessman's luncheon on Vietnam.

922
01:10:22,097 --> 01:10:26,435
Uh, I went up with some corrections
last thing in the morning...

923
01:10:26,518 --> 01:10:29,855
and shook hands with him
in his bathrobe as he stood there.

924
01:10:29,938 --> 01:10:33,525
And then he came down from
the Ambassador Hotel and got into a car.

925
01:10:33,609 --> 01:10:37,863
We were struck with how easy
it was to get onto that floor...

926
01:10:37,946 --> 01:10:39,865
and approach him at that point.

927
01:10:39,948 --> 01:10:41,950
At the conference
on lessons on Vietnam,

928
01:10:42,034 --> 01:10:45,287
of course, in the morning I learned
that Robert Kennedy had died.

929
01:10:51,793 --> 01:10:53,921
Well...

930
01:10:56,298 --> 01:10:58,634
So...

931
01:10:58,759 --> 01:11:01,470
So, uh...

932
01:11:05,808 --> 01:11:09,978
Well, that was a way
for a lot of people to feel powerless.

933
01:11:20,489 --> 01:11:22,908
So, um,

934
01:11:22,991 --> 01:11:26,453
it began to look as if there was no way
to change this country.

935
01:12:19,673 --> 01:12:22,551
<i>We'd been going
down this road for so many years,</i>

936
01:12:22,676 --> 01:12:26,805
<i>and I had felt so strongly before
that this was the right policy,</i>

937
01:12:26,889 --> 01:12:29,475
<i>that it was difficult
for me to change.</i>

938
01:12:29,558 --> 01:12:34,938
<i>I know now that the domino theory
was a false theory.</i>

939
01:12:35,063 --> 01:12:39,693
<i>I know now that we should not
have become involved.</i>

940
01:12:39,776 --> 01:12:42,237
As far as I'm concerned today,

941
01:12:42,362 --> 01:12:44,656
I have no hesitancy
whatsoever...

942
01:12:44,740 --> 01:12:48,494
in saying I could not
have been more wrong...

943
01:12:48,577 --> 01:12:50,913
in my attitude toward Vietnam.

944
01:12:56,001 --> 01:12:57,628
...ground combat,

945
01:12:57,753 --> 01:13:00,255
Vietnamese cross of gallantry
with a silver star,

946
01:13:00,380 --> 01:13:02,341
gallantry in ground combat,

947
01:13:02,424 --> 01:13:05,677
four air medals,
an "I was there" ribbon.

948
01:13:11,266 --> 01:13:14,186
I got a colonel that's flying upstairs,
and he's gettin' down on me...

949
01:13:14,269 --> 01:13:18,023
and he's saying, 'take the hill,
take the hill, take the hill."

950
01:13:18,106 --> 01:13:21,193
So I got together
with the tank commander...

951
01:13:21,276 --> 01:13:23,529
and I said,
"Look, let's take three tanks...

952
01:13:23,612 --> 01:13:26,532
and we'll walk the A.R.V.N.
Up the hill, you know?

953
01:13:26,615 --> 01:13:29,785
And we'll lay down a base of fire
as we're going."

954
01:13:29,910 --> 01:13:33,205
He says, "Okay." I got with the A.R.V.N.
And says, "Let's fly."

955
01:13:33,288 --> 01:13:36,208
So I popped up
behind the lead tank...

956
01:13:36,291 --> 01:13:38,836
and, uh, started to go up the hill.

957
01:13:38,961 --> 01:13:43,298
And everything was cool,
until we started taking fire.

958
01:13:43,423 --> 01:13:46,635
And, uh, the A.R.V.N. started to split.

959
01:13:48,804 --> 01:13:50,973
And that's when I got it.

960
01:13:51,098 --> 01:13:55,978
I said, "Oh, my God. I'm hit."
I couldn't believe it, you know?

961
01:13:56,103 --> 01:13:58,230
"I can't believe it. I'm really hit."

962
01:13:58,313 --> 01:14:00,899
And my first, first thought...

963
01:14:00,983 --> 01:14:03,610
was Kay, my girl, you know?

964
01:14:04,820 --> 01:14:07,072
It's gonna sound stupid,

965
01:14:07,156 --> 01:14:09,825
but I'm... but my thought was
"she'll kill me."

966
01:14:09,950 --> 01:14:13,620
You know, here I was dying and I was
worried that she was gonna kill me.

967
01:14:13,704 --> 01:14:18,667
<i>But then I realized that I didn't
have to worry because I was dying.</i>

968
01:14:18,792 --> 01:14:22,421
<i>It's all over.
And for what, you know?</i>

969
01:14:22,504 --> 01:14:25,340
<i>My last...
My last conscious thought...</i>

970
01:14:25,424 --> 01:14:28,844
<i>was "I can't believe it.
I'm dying.</i>

971
01:14:28,927 --> 01:14:32,264
On this shitty piece of ground,
I'm dying...

972
01:14:32,347 --> 01:14:34,349
and I can't fuckin' believe it."

973
01:14:34,475 --> 01:14:36,643
Bobby was a surfer,
he was a wrestler,

974
01:14:36,727 --> 01:14:38,645
he was a long-distance runner.

975
01:14:38,729 --> 01:14:41,523
We danced. He was active.
Active, active.

976
01:14:41,607 --> 01:14:43,817
<i>Our whole life was active.</i>

977
01:14:43,901 --> 01:14:46,069
<i>And now they're telling me
that he's paralyzed.</i>

978
01:14:46,195 --> 01:14:49,114
<i>He couldn't believe it
and I couldn't believe it. Right now...</i>

979
01:14:49,198 --> 01:14:53,118
<i>Bobby's not a boyfriend.
He's not a husband. He's not a brother.</i>

980
01:14:53,202 --> 01:14:56,205
<i>It-It's very...</i>

981
01:14:58,332 --> 01:15:00,292
<i>It's very hard.</i>

982
01:15:00,375 --> 01:15:02,628
<i>What hurts the most...</i>

983
01:15:02,711 --> 01:15:04,922
<i>and this is a purely personal thing,
you know?</i>

984
01:15:05,047 --> 01:15:08,675
Right, wrong or indifferent,
that's how I feel.

985
01:15:08,800 --> 01:15:10,803
When I was in the Marine Corps,

986
01:15:10,886 --> 01:15:13,806
I remember I was in the Marine Corps
barracks in Washington...

987
01:15:13,889 --> 01:15:15,891
They call it
"A," "F," and "I."

988
01:15:15,974 --> 01:15:18,811
And they had
the Marine Corps drill team there.

989
01:15:18,894 --> 01:15:22,981
And I was standing at attention
in my uniform...

990
01:15:23,065 --> 01:15:24,983
and they were playing
the "Marine Corps Hymn".

991
01:15:25,067 --> 01:15:28,320
And then they played
the 'star-Spangled Banner."

992
01:15:28,403 --> 01:15:30,614
And I actually started to cry.

993
01:15:32,074 --> 01:15:36,745
I cried because I was so proud
to be an American, you know?

994
01:15:36,870 --> 01:15:39,665
And I was so proud
to be a marine...

995
01:15:39,748 --> 01:15:42,751
and in uniform,
standing there at attention.

996
01:15:44,753 --> 01:15:48,590
That-That represented
so much to me...

997
01:15:48,674 --> 01:15:52,177
in the way of life and...

998
01:15:52,261 --> 01:15:54,763
That's gone, you know?

999
01:15:54,888 --> 01:15:58,183
<i>And that hurt.
That hurts.</i>

1000
01:15:58,267 --> 01:16:00,269
That's what I'm bitter about.

1001
01:16:54,156 --> 01:16:58,243
Ha! Didn't think we were here,
did you, you dirty rotten rats!

1002
01:16:58,327 --> 01:17:00,454
We're still here!
We'll always be here!

1003
01:17:21,016 --> 01:17:24,853
Truman lied from 1950 on...

1004
01:17:24,937 --> 01:17:27,856
on the nature and purposes
of the French involvement,

1005
01:17:27,940 --> 01:17:30,442
the colonial reconquest of Vietnam...

1006
01:17:30,526 --> 01:17:33,779
that we were financing
and encouraging.

1007
01:17:33,862 --> 01:17:36,281
Eisenhower lied
about the reasons for...

1008
01:17:36,365 --> 01:17:38,784
and the nature
of our involvement with Diem,

1009
01:17:38,867 --> 01:17:41,537
and the fact that he was in power,
essentially,

1010
01:17:41,662 --> 01:17:45,958
because of American support,
American money, and for no other reason.

1011
01:17:46,041 --> 01:17:51,380
Kennedy lied about the type
of involvement we were doing there,

1012
01:17:51,463 --> 01:17:53,382
our own combat involvement,

1013
01:17:53,465 --> 01:17:56,969
and about the recommendations that were
made to him for greater involvement.

1014
01:17:57,052 --> 01:17:58,971
President Kennedy lied about...

1015
01:17:59,054 --> 01:18:02,182
the degree of our participation
in the overthrow of Diem.

1016
01:18:03,559 --> 01:18:07,813
The, um... Johnson, of course,
lied and lied and lied...

1017
01:18:07,896 --> 01:18:10,440
about our provocations
against the North Vietnamese...

1018
01:18:10,566 --> 01:18:13,318
prior to and after
the Tonkin Gulf incidents,

1019
01:18:13,402 --> 01:18:16,989
about the plans
for bombing North Vietnam,

1020
01:18:17,072 --> 01:18:21,326
and the nature of the buildup...

1021
01:18:21,410 --> 01:18:23,829
of American troops in Vietnam.

1022
01:18:23,912 --> 01:18:25,914
Nixon, as we now know,

1023
01:18:25,998 --> 01:18:28,333
misled and lied
to the American public...

1024
01:18:28,417 --> 01:18:31,879
for the first months of his office
in terms of our bombing of Cambodia...

1025
01:18:31,962 --> 01:18:34,381
and of Laos,
ground operations in Laos,

1026
01:18:35,716 --> 01:18:39,178
the reasons for our invasion
of Cambodia and of Laos,

1027
01:18:39,261 --> 01:18:43,682
and the prospects for the mining
at Haiphong that came about in 1972,

1028
01:18:43,765 --> 01:18:46,393
but was envisioned
as early as 1969.

1029
01:18:47,686 --> 01:18:51,273
The American public
was lied to month by month...

1030
01:18:51,398 --> 01:18:54,276
by each of these
five administrations.

1031
01:18:54,401 --> 01:18:58,030
As I say, it's a tribute
to the American public,

1032
01:18:58,113 --> 01:19:02,534
that their leaders perceived
that they had to be lied to.

1033
01:19:02,618 --> 01:19:06,955
It's no tribute to us
that it was so easy to fool the public.

1034
01:19:07,080 --> 01:19:09,541
We have adopted a plan...

1035
01:19:09,625 --> 01:19:13,086
which we have worked out in cooperation
with the South Vietnamese...

1036
01:19:13,212 --> 01:19:18,050
for the complete withdrawal
of all U.S. combat ground forces...

1037
01:19:18,133 --> 01:19:21,553
and their replacement
by South Vietnamese forces...

1038
01:19:21,637 --> 01:19:24,556
on an orderly,
scheduled timetable.

1039
01:19:24,640 --> 01:19:28,393
This withdrawal will be made
from strength and not from weakness.

1040
01:19:28,477 --> 01:19:31,063
As South Vietnamese forces
become stronger,

1041
01:19:31,146 --> 01:19:35,150
the rate of American withdrawal
can become greater.

1042
01:19:37,820 --> 01:19:41,657
<i>Congratulations to Battalion 332...</i>

1043
01:19:41,782 --> 01:19:45,410
<i>on your recent victories
over the communists.</i>

1044
01:19:45,494 --> 01:19:49,414
<i>We ask ourselves,
"When will peace come?"</i>

1045
01:19:49,498 --> 01:19:53,085
<i>And I tell you, if you chase
the communists back to the north,</i>

1046
01:19:53,168 --> 01:19:56,171
<i>there won't be any war
in this hamlet.</i>

1047
01:19:56,255 --> 01:19:59,591
<i>Help rebuild the houses.</i>

1048
01:19:59,675 --> 01:20:01,802
<i>Help the people.</i>

1049
01:20:03,512 --> 01:20:06,265
<i>Rid the hamlet of all V. C...</i>

1050
01:20:06,348 --> 01:20:08,976
<i>so there will be no more suffering
and destruction...</i>

1051
01:20:09,101 --> 01:20:12,563
<i>for ourselves
and our compatriots.</i>

1052
01:20:17,192 --> 01:20:19,945
Oh, my friend.

1053
01:20:20,028 --> 01:20:22,114
- How you doing? Good to see you again.
- You just get back?

1054
01:20:22,197 --> 01:20:25,284
- Yeah. How you doing, men?
- Very good to see you.

1055
01:20:25,367 --> 01:20:27,619
How you doing?
Trung, good seeing you.

1056
01:20:27,703 --> 01:20:31,123
<i>- Good to see you, sir.
- How you doing? Fine.</i>

1057
01:20:31,206 --> 01:20:34,126
Just came in this afternoon, sir.
Been very quiet?

1058
01:20:34,209 --> 01:20:37,629
- Except last time, when the, uh...
- When the rockets went off?

1059
01:20:37,713 --> 01:20:39,631
Yeah.

1060
01:20:39,715 --> 01:20:42,718
<i>Very nice.
I read about it in Stars And Stripes.</i>

1061
01:20:42,843 --> 01:20:45,304
That's one of our success stories here,
this battalion is.

1062
01:20:45,387 --> 01:20:47,473
We had a real, uh...
a lot of trouble with it.

1063
01:20:47,556 --> 01:20:49,975
We just gave, uh,
four bronze stars...

1064
01:20:50,058 --> 01:20:53,145
and five Ar-Comms
with V-device this week...

1065
01:20:53,228 --> 01:20:56,982
to a battalion commander and
three of his officers and five soldiers.

1066
01:20:57,065 --> 01:21:00,486
And we have six N-pac awards...

1067
01:21:00,569 --> 01:21:03,155
pending for
last Saturday night's action...

1068
01:21:03,238 --> 01:21:06,074
where we killed six V.C.
And captured nine weapons.

1069
01:21:06,158 --> 01:21:07,117
Good grief.

1070
01:21:07,242 --> 01:21:12,498
<i>He had been the recon
company commander of the, uh, 263rd...</i>

1071
01:21:12,581 --> 01:21:17,336
<i>and he'd done a real tremendous job
just as recon company commander.</i>

1072
01:21:17,419 --> 01:21:20,506
And then they moved him over here.

1073
01:21:20,589 --> 01:21:23,175
In a ten-day period or two-week period,
he completely reversed it.

1074
01:21:23,258 --> 01:21:28,222
They had the battalion here
under a very poor major.

1075
01:21:28,347 --> 01:21:31,850
They had it to the point
where the company commanders...

1076
01:21:31,934 --> 01:21:35,187
were throwing down their weapons
and crying... or at least one of them did.

1077
01:21:35,270 --> 01:21:38,190
Ten days later they had
a big contact with the V. C...

1078
01:21:38,273 --> 01:21:43,403
and in 3 days killed 42,
lost none of their own.

1079
01:21:43,487 --> 01:21:46,073
<i>He does it with a fairly limited staff.</i>

1080
01:21:46,198 --> 01:21:49,535
Although some of his people,
like that young major there, Major Yuk...

1081
01:21:49,618 --> 01:21:51,537
tremendous guy.

1082
01:21:51,620 --> 01:21:55,165
He just heard his name over there.
Hey.

1083
01:22:14,601 --> 01:22:17,146
<i>It's no surprise
that in a very poor country...</i>

1084
01:22:17,271 --> 01:22:21,483
<i>you can find people
who will wear foreign uniforms.</i>

1085
01:22:21,608 --> 01:22:23,485
<i>What has always surprised us,</i>

1086
01:22:23,610 --> 01:22:27,489
<i>what we've never been willing
to predict or understand,</i>

1087
01:22:27,614 --> 01:22:30,492
is that the Vietnamese
communist leadership...

1088
01:22:30,617 --> 01:22:33,745
<i>can find enough people
to live in the tunnels,</i>

1089
01:22:33,829 --> 01:22:36,748
fight for nothing
wearing ragged shorts,

1090
01:22:36,832 --> 01:22:39,334
year after year
under the American bombs.

1091
01:22:39,459 --> 01:22:43,755
<i>A war in which one side
is entirely financed...</i>

1092
01:22:43,839 --> 01:22:46,842
<i>and equipped and supported
by foreigners...</i>

1093
01:22:46,967 --> 01:22:48,844
<i>is not a civil war.</i>

1094
01:22:48,969 --> 01:22:50,846
<i>The only foreigners
in that country...</i>

1095
01:22:50,971 --> 01:22:53,599
were the foreigners we financed
in the first part of the war...

1096
01:22:53,682 --> 01:22:58,604
<i>and the foreigners we were
in the second half of the war.</i>

1097
01:22:58,687 --> 01:23:01,106
Basically,
we didn't want to acknowledge...

1098
01:23:01,190 --> 01:23:03,108
the scale of our involvement there.

1099
01:23:03,192 --> 01:23:05,110
We didn't want to realize
that it was our war,

1100
01:23:05,194 --> 01:23:09,448
<i>because that would have been to say
that every casualty on both sides...</i>

1101
01:23:09,531 --> 01:23:12,034
<i>was a casualty
caused by our policy.</i>

1102
01:23:12,159 --> 01:23:16,038
The question used to be "Might it
be possible we were on the wrong side...

1103
01:23:16,121 --> 01:23:18,415
in the Vietnamese War?"

1104
01:23:18,540 --> 01:23:20,959
We weren't on the wrong side.

1105
01:23:21,043 --> 01:23:23,754
<i>We are the wrong side.</i>

1106
01:23:29,802 --> 01:23:32,971
You have exemplified,
in your corner of the world,

1107
01:23:33,055 --> 01:23:35,224
patriotism of the highest order.

1108
01:23:35,349 --> 01:23:40,354
<i>You have brought to your great task
of organizing your country...</i>

1109
01:23:40,437 --> 01:23:43,899
<i>the greatest of courage,
the greatest of statesmanship.</i>

1110
01:23:55,035 --> 01:23:56,995
<i>I had two possibilities.</i>

1111
01:23:57,079 --> 01:24:00,332
<i>Either I could submit
to Washington's politics...</i>

1112
01:24:00,415 --> 01:24:03,585
Every morning, "Yes, sir."

1113
01:24:03,710 --> 01:24:06,213
<i>Or I would have to resign.</i>

1114
01:24:08,966 --> 01:24:12,761
<i>You can be sure that as a soldier
I only submit very rarely.</i>

1115
01:24:16,056 --> 01:24:18,016
<i>And, in fact, never.</i>

1116
01:24:18,100 --> 01:24:20,936
<i>I chose the second solution,
that of resigning.</i>

1117
01:24:21,019 --> 01:24:23,021
On the Vietnamese side,

1118
01:24:23,105 --> 01:24:25,858
I would say the most
encouraging factor...

1119
01:24:25,941 --> 01:24:28,735
is the promise offered
by General Khanh's government.

1120
01:24:32,614 --> 01:24:37,035
<i>Through a security
service in the president's office,</i>

1121
01:24:37,119 --> 01:24:40,539
<i>we taped all communications
with the outside.</i>

1122
01:24:40,622 --> 01:24:44,042
<i>All telephone communications.</i>

1123
01:24:44,126 --> 01:24:48,046
<i>And fortunately, among these
taped telephone communications,</i>

1124
01:24:48,130 --> 01:24:51,550
<i>I still have the tape
from which we can hear precisely...</i>

1125
01:24:51,633 --> 01:24:53,677
<i>General Taylor...</i>

1126
01:24:56,221 --> 01:25:00,184
<i>stating precisely that he wants me,
General Khanh,</i>

1127
01:25:02,644 --> 01:25:05,063
<i>to leave Vietnam.</i>

1128
01:25:05,147 --> 01:25:08,275
<i>Can you let us hear it?</i>

1129
01:25:10,819 --> 01:25:13,155
<i>Certainly. I hope it works.</i>

1130
01:25:16,492 --> 01:25:19,745
- General Taylor.
- Uh, this is General Khanh speaking.

1131
01:25:19,828 --> 01:25:21,747
How are you?
Glad to hear you.

1132
01:25:21,830 --> 01:25:25,250
Uh, uh, may I speak in French?

1133
01:25:51,360 --> 01:25:53,695
Mr. President
and ladies and gentlemen,

1134
01:25:53,821 --> 01:25:56,114
as our joint communique indicates,

1135
01:25:56,198 --> 01:25:59,451
President Thieu and I have
had very constructive talks...

1136
01:25:59,535 --> 01:26:03,789
with regard to how we shall
work together in the years ahead,

1137
01:26:03,872 --> 01:26:08,126
working for the program of peace,

1138
01:26:08,210 --> 01:26:13,173
<i>which we now hope
will all be the wave of the future,</i>

1139
01:26:13,298 --> 01:26:16,468
<i>not only for the Republic of Vietnam,</i>

1140
01:26:16,552 --> 01:26:19,471
<i>but for all of the countries
in Indochina.</i>

1141
01:26:39,908 --> 01:26:42,786
<i>What kind of freedom
could you preserve here...</i>

1142
01:26:42,911 --> 01:26:47,666
<i>when you put so many
of our compatriots into prison...</i>

1143
01:26:47,749 --> 01:26:51,587
<i>without any charge,
without any reason why?</i>

1144
01:26:53,422 --> 01:26:57,676
Just because you want us
to have freedom?

1145
01:26:57,759 --> 01:27:01,346
What kind of freedom
could you give us?

1146
01:27:01,430 --> 01:27:05,350
We know that we only have freedom
if we fight for it.

1147
01:27:05,434 --> 01:27:09,271
But here we fight for what?

1148
01:27:09,354 --> 01:27:11,273
We fight for prisons?

1149
01:27:16,278 --> 01:27:20,407
<i>People can be arrested
at any moment by any organization.</i>

1150
01:27:23,035 --> 01:27:26,997
<i>And then tortured in inhuman ways
in all the prisons.</i>

1151
01:27:28,248 --> 01:27:30,626
<i>And, above all, in police stations.</i>

1152
01:27:34,880 --> 01:27:38,425
<i>And then imprisoned
for years and years without trial.</i>

1153
01:27:39,551 --> 01:27:41,595
<i>Their only crime
is loving their country.</i>

1154
01:27:43,972 --> 01:27:47,226
<i>They had the courage
to tell the truth.</i>

1155
01:27:47,309 --> 01:27:50,562
<i>They asked for the liberation
of political prisoners.</i>

1156
01:27:52,981 --> 01:27:55,317
<i>They asked for an end to the war.</i>

1157
01:27:56,819 --> 01:28:00,906
<i>They asked for peace,
for national reconciliation.</i>

1158
01:28:00,989 --> 01:28:05,452
<i>And all that is considered a crime
by the government of Thieu.</i>

1159
01:28:11,750 --> 01:28:14,503
<i>I was arrested in 1968.</i>

1160
01:28:14,628 --> 01:28:17,631
I was at home
when the security police came.

1161
01:28:19,007 --> 01:28:22,010
<i>They took me to headquarters
for a few questions...</i>

1162
01:28:22,136 --> 01:28:24,138
<i>and kept me.</i>

1163
01:28:29,768 --> 01:28:33,438
<i>You can't imagine
how badly I was beaten.</i>

1164
01:28:33,522 --> 01:28:37,192
<i>Mostly on the head.
My eyes are bad now.</i>

1165
01:28:37,317 --> 01:28:40,779
<i>After I was arrested,
I was beaten so badly...</i>

1166
01:28:40,863 --> 01:28:42,990
<i>even now
I sometimes have headaches...</i>

1167
01:28:43,073 --> 01:28:45,367
<i>and nosebleeds and ear-bleeds.</i>

1168
01:28:49,204 --> 01:28:52,875
<i>In those days, all we were
getting to eat was rotten fish,</i>

1169
01:28:53,000 --> 01:28:55,294
<i>so we asked
for some vegetables.</i>

1170
01:28:55,377 --> 01:28:58,213
<i>But when we complained,
we were beaten and chained...</i>

1171
01:28:58,297 --> 01:29:00,466
<i>and lime powder
was thrown on us.</i>

1172
01:29:00,549 --> 01:29:04,011
<i>And they poured water on us,
and we had nowhere to run.</i>

1173
01:29:09,516 --> 01:29:11,810
<i>Our cells were this big...</i>

1174
01:29:11,894 --> 01:29:14,646
<i>and we could do nothing
but stand where we were...</i>

1175
01:29:14,730 --> 01:29:17,483
<i>and get the water
and the lime all over us.</i>

1176
01:29:17,566 --> 01:29:20,486
<i>Some of us lost our teeth
and our hair.</i>

1177
01:29:20,569 --> 01:29:24,990
<i>And when the lime got wet,
it just boiled up, bubbling all over us.</i>

1178
01:29:25,073 --> 01:29:30,037
<i>Our hair fell out and our skin
became covered with sores.</i>

1179
01:29:33,415 --> 01:29:36,001
<i>They said that
if we were innocent,</i>

1180
01:29:36,084 --> 01:29:39,004
<i>they would beat us
until we were guilty,</i>

1181
01:29:39,087 --> 01:29:41,256
<i>and that if we were guilty,</i>

1182
01:29:41,381 --> 01:29:43,842
<i>they would beat us
until we repent.</i>

1183
01:29:49,848 --> 01:29:55,687
In a country where the people
don't hold national sovereignty,

1184
01:29:55,771 --> 01:29:59,233
in a country where
the government has proven itself...

1185
01:29:59,316 --> 01:30:01,360
to be the enemy of the people,

1186
01:30:01,443 --> 01:30:03,904
the prisoners are the patriots.

1187
01:30:05,989 --> 01:30:09,034
And no matter
how badly treated we are,

1188
01:30:09,117 --> 01:30:12,454
still we are proud,

1189
01:30:12,538 --> 01:30:14,456
because at least we are free,

1190
01:30:14,581 --> 01:30:19,795
instead of enslaved as so many
of the so-called government officials.

1191
01:30:24,216 --> 01:30:26,135
<i>And so, you see,</i>

1192
01:30:26,218 --> 01:30:29,138
<i>when a Vietnamese works
for peace and for liberty,</i>

1193
01:30:30,764 --> 01:30:33,142
<i>he is considered a communist.</i>

1194
01:30:37,646 --> 01:30:41,984
<i>It is an honor for the communists
to have to work for peace and justice.</i>

1195
01:30:44,611 --> 01:30:48,407
<i>So it is the government which
gives validity to being a communist,</i>

1196
01:30:48,490 --> 01:30:50,409
<i>because they continue to say...</i>

1197
01:30:50,492 --> 01:30:54,454
<i>that the people who work forjustice
and for peace are communists.</i>

1198
01:30:56,331 --> 01:30:58,208
<i>You see?</i>

1199
01:30:58,333 --> 01:31:00,460
<i>We were learning to be good soldiers...</i>

1200
01:31:00,544 --> 01:31:02,504
<i>back when you're three, four,
five, six years old.</i>

1201
01:31:02,588 --> 01:31:06,925
<i>That's when good ol'mom is telling you
to obey the local camp regulations.</i>

1202
01:31:07,009 --> 01:31:09,344
In this case, it's the house.

1203
01:31:09,428 --> 01:31:12,764
And you start to learn
to respect authority.

1204
01:31:12,848 --> 01:31:15,767
And so, finally, lo and behold,
at 20, 22 years old,

1205
01:31:15,851 --> 01:31:19,938
you find yourself in service
and maybe take that last and final step,

1206
01:31:20,022 --> 01:31:22,441
where you become
quite regimented...

1207
01:31:22,524 --> 01:31:25,110
in a military form of discipline.

1208
01:31:25,194 --> 01:31:29,615
That stuff isn't worth the paper it's
written on, if the basis isn't there.

1209
01:31:29,698 --> 01:31:33,160
You need that cornerstone that goes back
to childhood, and who's teaching you,

1210
01:31:33,243 --> 01:31:37,748
<i>but good old moms,
women like yourselves.</i>

1211
01:31:37,873 --> 01:31:41,126
<i>It's terrifying. When you're facing
a torture session with a bunch of gooks,</i>

1212
01:31:41,210 --> 01:31:43,128
it's gonna be pretty darn miserable.

1213
01:31:43,212 --> 01:31:45,464
No doubt about it.
You're scared. You're really petrified.

1214
01:31:45,547 --> 01:31:48,467
But at the other side,
you have a bunch of women back there...

1215
01:31:48,550 --> 01:31:51,136
telling you, "You better do something,"
you know?

1216
01:31:51,220 --> 01:31:54,473
That's the wrath of God. You don't
want 100 women climbing down your back,

1217
01:31:54,556 --> 01:31:57,184
<i>So you figure the gooks aren't so bad.</i>

1218
01:31:57,267 --> 01:31:59,228
<i>So you press on.</i>

1219
01:31:59,311 --> 01:32:01,980
<i>In many respects,
the destiny of our country,</i>

1220
01:32:02,064 --> 01:32:05,317
<i>and more personally,
the destiny of me,</i>

1221
01:32:05,400 --> 01:32:07,820
<i>your men, your children...</i>

1222
01:32:07,903 --> 01:32:10,155
<i>is in your hands.</i>

1223
01:32:10,239 --> 01:32:13,659
<i>If you are proud of the P.O. W. S
and personally of me,</i>

1224
01:32:13,742 --> 01:32:15,994
then you should be
proud of yourselves,

1225
01:32:16,078 --> 01:32:19,081
because I was
what you made me to be.

1226
01:32:19,206 --> 01:32:21,083
As for my own view,

1227
01:32:21,208 --> 01:32:23,585
uh, I thought through
as best I could...

1228
01:32:23,669 --> 01:32:26,672
the meaning of Southeast Asia
to the United States in the 1950s,

1229
01:32:26,755 --> 01:32:29,007
Looking backward
and looking forward...

1230
01:32:29,091 --> 01:32:32,678
in terms of what I know about
the dynamics of societies and so on.

1231
01:32:32,761 --> 01:32:35,722
And on balance...
It is an on-balance judgment...

1232
01:32:35,806 --> 01:32:38,684
I came to the judgment that it's
a vital interest to the United States.

1233
01:32:38,767 --> 01:32:41,270
I've never had any reason
to change that judgment.

1234
01:32:42,938 --> 01:32:47,317
And, uh, therefore, I, uh,

1235
01:32:47,442 --> 01:32:51,780
I do believe that what we have done
is generally right,

1236
01:32:51,864 --> 01:32:55,492
although I would have preferred
to have seen a different,

1237
01:32:55,617 --> 01:32:57,619
more decisive military strategy.

1238
01:32:57,744 --> 01:33:00,038
Certainly, to me,

1239
01:33:00,122 --> 01:33:04,793
the day you can say that a sacrifice
such as that is not worthwhile...

1240
01:33:04,918 --> 01:33:07,546
is the day that you've destroyed
all your real values...

1241
01:33:07,629 --> 01:33:10,132
of what is worthwhile
and what isn't.

1242
01:33:10,257 --> 01:33:12,134
And there's no question in my mind...

1243
01:33:12,259 --> 01:33:15,721
that he and everybody else
that did what he did...

1244
01:33:15,804 --> 01:33:18,557
there's no sacrifice that is in vain.

1245
01:33:18,640 --> 01:33:23,562
Absolutely none. Down the line,
that's the price you pay for freedom...

1246
01:33:23,645 --> 01:33:28,734
and that's the price that you pay
for the kind of stature that we have...

1247
01:33:28,817 --> 01:33:30,944
and it's the kind of risk you take...

1248
01:33:31,028 --> 01:33:33,489
to preserve the ideals that we have.

1249
01:33:33,572 --> 01:33:35,491
He had just a tremendous
sense of humor...

1250
01:33:35,574 --> 01:33:41,246
and just an amazing, instinctive sense
of what was important and what wasn't.

1251
01:33:41,330 --> 01:33:44,416
I remember when I was getting ready
for our oldest daughter's wedding,

1252
01:33:44,500 --> 01:33:47,586
and I was upset because
something or other wasn't going well,

1253
01:33:47,669 --> 01:33:51,006
and he called up from Pensacola
and he said, "How are thing's going?"

1254
01:33:51,089 --> 01:33:53,634
And I said, "Fine, Bing,
but such-and-such has happened."

1255
01:33:53,759 --> 01:33:56,678
He said, "Oh, Mom,
don't sweat the small stuff."

1256
01:33:56,762 --> 01:33:58,931
You know,
it just made all the difference.

1257
01:33:59,014 --> 01:34:01,767
I thought, "Gee. That really
is small stuff, you know?"

1258
01:34:01,850 --> 01:34:03,936
And it was. Yeah.

1259
01:34:04,019 --> 01:34:06,563
And it made the whole thing
much easier.

1260
01:34:06,688 --> 01:34:11,276
<i>And, of course, I came up in a tradition
where military service was...</i>

1261
01:34:11,360 --> 01:34:14,613
In World War II, there was no question
everybody was part of it.

1262
01:34:14,696 --> 01:34:17,199
There was not the kind
of dissension and so forth...

1263
01:34:17,324 --> 01:34:21,829
that there has been surrounding
the Vietnam thing.

1264
01:34:21,912 --> 01:34:24,456
<i>But I think that most of the people
of this country...</i>

1265
01:34:24,540 --> 01:34:27,292
are too busy
to get involved deeply...

1266
01:34:27,376 --> 01:34:29,294
<i>in, uh, uh,</i>

1267
01:34:29,378 --> 01:34:33,298
<i>on, uh, the kind of things
that the dissenters do.</i>

1268
01:34:33,382 --> 01:34:36,385
<i>In other words, I think that really
the strength of our system,</i>

1269
01:34:36,468 --> 01:34:38,554
and I think it's a terrific system,

1270
01:34:38,679 --> 01:34:43,058
is that you do rely on somebody
like President Nixon for leadership.

1271
01:34:43,183 --> 01:34:48,313
I think his team of people with him
are outstanding...

1272
01:34:48,397 --> 01:34:51,483
and, to me,
the leadership that he has shown...

1273
01:34:51,567 --> 01:34:53,986
and decisions
that he has made,

1274
01:34:54,069 --> 01:34:58,991
uh, really have...
They're the kind of decisions...

1275
01:34:59,074 --> 01:35:01,493
I would expect from
the president of this country.

1276
01:35:01,577 --> 01:35:05,080
And the action he has taken
is the action I'd expect...

1277
01:35:05,205 --> 01:35:07,499
from the president of this country.

1278
01:35:07,583 --> 01:35:11,670
I think the whole executive,

1279
01:35:11,753 --> 01:35:17,676
legislative and judicial system
that we have is superb.

1280
01:35:17,759 --> 01:35:22,514
It has worked many, many... far better
than any other system I'm aware of...

1281
01:35:22,598 --> 01:35:26,185
and brought us
to our state of power...

1282
01:35:26,268 --> 01:35:31,356
and, uh, really,
of international stature...

1283
01:35:31,440 --> 01:35:37,279
that we have a responsibility
to stay with and to uphold.

1284
01:35:40,365 --> 01:35:42,701
<i>What did your son
want to become?</i>

1285
01:35:42,784 --> 01:35:45,621
<i>I suspect he would have
gone into the newspaper.</i>

1286
01:35:45,704 --> 01:35:48,874
<i>He actually had just got a job
with the New York Times...</i>

1287
01:35:48,957 --> 01:35:54,087
when he went
into the, uh, O.C.S.

1288
01:35:55,297 --> 01:35:59,718
And he'd worked for newspapers
in the summer...

1289
01:35:59,802 --> 01:36:02,679
while he was at college.

1290
01:36:05,808 --> 01:36:08,393
<i>I suppose that
it's like any pain.</i>

1291
01:36:08,477 --> 01:36:12,439
You don't remember pain too well...
afterwards.

1292
01:36:30,457 --> 01:36:34,336
<i>Thank you. Thank you very much,
Mr. President, dear people.</i>

1293
01:36:34,461 --> 01:36:38,090
<i>I'm thrilled to be here with you guys.
This is what I like...a captive audience.</i>

1294
01:36:45,556 --> 01:36:48,100
It is always the custom
at a dinner at the White House...

1295
01:36:48,183 --> 01:36:51,520
to have a toast
to the honored guest.

1296
01:36:51,645 --> 01:36:54,523
The difficulty tonight is that
there are so many honored guests...

1297
01:36:54,648 --> 01:36:57,276
that we would be drinking
all night and into the day.

1298
01:37:05,033 --> 01:37:08,078
Somebody just said,
"What's wrong with that?"

1299
01:37:09,746 --> 01:37:12,666
<i>The most difficult decision that
I have made since being president...</i>

1300
01:37:12,749 --> 01:37:15,961
was on December the 18th of last year.

1301
01:37:16,044 --> 01:37:18,046
There...

1302
01:37:25,637 --> 01:37:27,514
<i>And there were many occasions...</i>

1303
01:37:27,598 --> 01:37:30,434
<i>in the 10-day period
after the decision was made...</i>

1304
01:37:30,559 --> 01:37:33,479
<i>when I wondered whether
this country really supported it.</i>

1305
01:37:35,856 --> 01:37:40,652
<i>After having met each one
of our honored guests this evening...</i>

1306
01:37:40,736 --> 01:37:42,988
and after having talked to them,

1307
01:37:43,071 --> 01:37:46,158
I think that all of us...

1308
01:37:46,241 --> 01:37:48,494
would like to join
in a round of applause...

1309
01:37:48,577 --> 01:37:52,831
for the brave men that
took those B-52s in and did the job.

1310
01:39:20,669 --> 01:39:23,130
<i>My eight-year-old daughter was killed.</i>

1311
01:39:24,673 --> 01:39:27,259
<i>And my three-year-old son.</i>

1312
01:39:27,342 --> 01:39:30,345
<i>A son, three years old, killed.</i>

1313
01:39:32,681 --> 01:39:35,184
<i>Nixon, murderer of civilians.</i>

1314
01:39:37,019 --> 01:39:41,106
<i>What have I done to Nixon so that
he comes here to bomb my country?</i>

1315
01:39:42,733 --> 01:39:45,611
<i>My daughter died right here.</i>

1316
01:39:45,694 --> 01:39:48,197
<i>She was feeding the pigs.</i>

1317
01:39:48,280 --> 01:39:50,199
<i>She was so sweet.</i>

1318
01:39:51,867 --> 01:39:55,287
<i>She is dead.
The pigs are alive.</i>

1319
01:39:57,039 --> 01:40:00,626
<i>My mother and my children
took shelter here.</i>

1320
01:40:00,709 --> 01:40:02,711
Here they died.

1321
01:40:07,216 --> 01:40:09,301
<i>The planes came from over there.</i>

1322
01:40:09,384 --> 01:40:11,303
<i>No targets here.</i>

1323
01:40:11,386 --> 01:40:13,722
<i>Only rice fields and houses.</i>

1324
01:40:15,224 --> 01:40:18,477
<i>I'll give you
my daughter's beautiful shirt.</i>

1325
01:40:20,229 --> 01:40:22,731
<i>Take it back
to the United States.</i>

1326
01:40:24,233 --> 01:40:26,360
<i>Tell them what happened here.</i>

1327
01:40:26,485 --> 01:40:28,737
<i>My daughter is dead.</i>

1328
01:40:30,072 --> 01:40:32,407
<i>She will never wear the shirt again.</i>

1329
01:40:37,704 --> 01:40:40,082
<i>Throw the shirt in Nixon's face.</i>

1330
01:40:41,750 --> 01:40:46,088
<i>Tell them she was only
a little schoolgirl.</i>

1331
01:43:08,355 --> 01:43:11,400
Well, the Oriental...

1332
01:43:11,525 --> 01:43:15,195
doesn't put the same high price on life
as does a Westerner.

1333
01:43:16,738 --> 01:43:19,741
Life is plentiful,
life is cheap in the Orient.

1334
01:43:21,368 --> 01:43:24,371
And, uh, as the, uh,

1335
01:43:26,540 --> 01:43:29,918
philosophy of the, uh,
of the Orient, uh,

1336
01:43:31,587 --> 01:43:33,589
uh, expresses it, uh,

1337
01:43:35,257 --> 01:43:39,219
uh, life is, uh,

1338
01:43:40,596 --> 01:43:42,973
is not important.

1339
01:43:53,275 --> 01:43:55,611
<i>During the missions,
after the missions,</i>

1340
01:43:55,694 --> 01:43:57,779
the result of what I was doing...

1341
01:43:57,905 --> 01:44:02,534
the result of this-this game,

1342
01:44:02,618 --> 01:44:07,039
this, uh, exercise
of my technical expertise...

1343
01:44:07,122 --> 01:44:09,208
never really dawned on me.

1344
01:44:09,291 --> 01:44:14,880
That reality of the screams
or the people being blown away...

1345
01:44:14,963 --> 01:44:16,965
or their homeland being destroyed,

1346
01:44:18,967 --> 01:44:23,472
uh, just was not a part
of what I thought about.

1347
01:44:49,206 --> 01:44:51,917
Uh, we, as Americans,
have never experienced that.

1348
01:44:52,000 --> 01:44:56,338
We've never experienced
any kind of devastation.

1349
01:45:00,634 --> 01:45:04,513
<i>When I was there, I never saw
a child that got burned by napalm.</i>

1350
01:45:07,724 --> 01:45:10,936
I didn't drop napalm,
but I dropped other things just as bad.

1351
01:45:11,019 --> 01:45:13,105
I dropped C.B.U. s,

1352
01:45:13,188 --> 01:45:15,107
which can't destroy anything.

1353
01:45:15,190 --> 01:45:17,693
It's meant for people.
It's an antipersonnel weapon.

1354
01:45:17,776 --> 01:45:20,445
We used to drop canister upon canister
of these things...

1355
01:45:20,529 --> 01:45:24,616
with 200 tumbling little balls in there
about this big around...

1356
01:45:24,700 --> 01:45:26,952
with something like
600 pellets in each ball...

1357
01:45:27,035 --> 01:45:29,621
that would blow out
as soon as it hit the ground,

1358
01:45:29,705 --> 01:45:31,957
uh, and shred people to pieces.

1359
01:45:32,040 --> 01:45:34,293
They couldn't be gotten out
in many cases.

1360
01:45:34,376 --> 01:45:37,963
People would suffer. They would live,
but they would suffer, you know?

1361
01:45:38,046 --> 01:45:39,965
Then often they would die afterwards.

1362
01:45:40,048 --> 01:45:43,635
This would cause people
to have to take care of them, you know?

1363
01:45:43,719 --> 01:45:46,054
But I look at my children now...

1364
01:45:47,556 --> 01:45:49,808
and, uh,

1365
01:45:49,892 --> 01:45:52,644
I don't know
what would happen if, uh...

1366
01:45:52,728 --> 01:45:56,690
uh, what I would think about
if someone napalmed them.

1367
01:46:29,014 --> 01:46:31,725
<i>Do you think we've learned
anything from all this?</i>

1368
01:46:33,227 --> 01:46:35,395
I think we're trying not to.

1369
01:46:36,647 --> 01:46:39,024
I think I'm trying not to sometimes.

1370
01:46:39,107 --> 01:46:41,109
I can't even cry easily.

1371
01:46:42,110 --> 01:46:46,031
From my, uh,
my manhood image.

1372
01:46:47,407 --> 01:46:50,577
I think Americans have tried...

1373
01:46:50,702 --> 01:46:53,705
We've all tried very hard...

1374
01:46:53,789 --> 01:46:55,707
to escape
what we've learned in Vietnam,

1375
01:46:55,791 --> 01:47:00,045
to not come to the logical conclusions
of what's happened there.

1376
01:47:00,129 --> 01:47:02,881
You know, the military
does the same thing.

1377
01:47:02,965 --> 01:47:05,092
They don't realize that, um,

1378
01:47:06,802 --> 01:47:09,138
people fighting
for their own freedom...

1379
01:47:11,640 --> 01:47:15,561
uh, are not gonna be stopped...

1380
01:47:15,644 --> 01:47:17,729
by just changing your tactics,

1381
01:47:17,813 --> 01:47:20,732
adding a little bit more
sophisticated technology over here,

1382
01:47:20,816 --> 01:47:23,068
improving the tactics
we used last time,

1383
01:47:23,152 --> 01:47:25,404
not making
quite the same mistakes.

1384
01:47:25,487 --> 01:47:29,074
Uh, you know, I think history operates
a little different than that.

1385
01:47:29,158 --> 01:47:33,745
And I think that those kind of forces
are not gonna be stopped.

1386
01:47:33,829 --> 01:47:37,416
I think Americans
have worked extremely hard...

1387
01:47:38,667 --> 01:47:42,921
not to see, uh, the criminality,

1388
01:47:43,005 --> 01:47:46,925
uh, that their officials
and their policy makers,

1389
01:47:47,009 --> 01:47:50,471
uh, have exhibited.

1390
01:49:28,610 --> 01:49:31,238
<i>Number one! Number one!</i>

1391
01:50:28,337 --> 01:50:30,506
It's your country, not a toilet,
you bastards!

1392
01:50:30,631 --> 01:50:34,384
They oughta go to Cuba.
That's where they belong. Or Russia.

1393
01:50:39,556 --> 01:50:43,685
Boo!

1394
01:50:43,811 --> 01:50:45,854
<i>... you motherfuckers!</i>

1395
01:50:51,693 --> 01:50:54,613
Man, let me talk to somebody.
I was in Vietnam.

1396
01:50:54,696 --> 01:50:56,615
I was a platoon leader over there.

1397
01:50:56,698 --> 01:50:59,034
What is this?
What the hell is this?

1398
01:50:59,117 --> 01:51:01,495
<i>We were the ones that got shot.</i>

1399
01:51:01,578 --> 01:51:04,873
You guys were over there too
with your damn cameras.

1400
01:51:08,377 --> 01:51:10,963
<i>Holy...Make my day!</i>

1401
01:51:25,894 --> 01:51:27,896
Come on, smile a little bit!

1402
01:51:28,021 --> 01:51:29,982
Come on! Smile! Smile!

1403
01:51:30,065 --> 01:51:33,569
Be happy! Smile!
Everything isn't bad!

1404
01:51:33,694 --> 01:51:35,904
Smile, people! Smile!

1405
01:51:36,305 --> 01:51:42,660
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