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Downloaded from
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The future that fascinated me

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has become a ruin.

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People believed in the beauty
of technological progress.

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It carried the expectations of
the era, the nation and so on.

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It represented
primitive human nature.

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The tower was right in the center of
the huge Expo site,

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Like a god of the festival.

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It was made in 1970
when Expo "70-Osaka was held.

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. There you saw
things you had never seen before,

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

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Taro Okamoto Museum of
ART Curator going on and on.

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART Curator
It was like a futuristic city with many pavilions.

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

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That image struck me vividly.

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People in Japan were blown away.

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Kids were still playing with tops.

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Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum Director
Kids were still playing with tops.

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Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum
Director

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Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum
Director We poor kids suddenly saw

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Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum
Director

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spaceships, robots, computers,
laser beams, moving sidewalks,

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and dome screen movies,
with their own eyes.

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Those things belonged to
the TV world. It was Sci-Fi.

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In the 21st century,
technology would progress,

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Art Critic In the 21st century,
technology would progress,

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Art Critic

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Art Critic and all problems of the
20th century, like poverty and wars,

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and all problems of the 20th century,
like poverty and wars,

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would be perfectly solved by technology.

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People said that
the entrance to this new century

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<i>would be Expo “To.</i>

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I was a kid, purely and
innocently astonished, but

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I'm sure that even adults were
quite amazed.

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An adult man asked a foreigner
who just happened to walk by

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for an autograph.

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Foreign countries existed only on TV.

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That's why 64 million Japanese
visited the event.

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Japan held the Expo
to jump ahead of the world.

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The time of technology and
space was coming.

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In other words,
old was bad and new was good.

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To represent the concept,
they needed not “established art',

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but "never-seen art”.

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You had to show art that
didn't exist in Europe.

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The only choice was avant-garde.

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For example, Tadanori Yokoo
produced the Textiles Pavilion

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and Katsuhiro Yamaguchi
produced the Mitsui Group Pavilion.

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All the pavilions were so extraordinary
that they didn't look like buildings.

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It was still the Cold War era.

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The USSR made the tallest pavilion,
at 109 meters.

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On the contrary, the USA made

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a very flat pavilion
with an air-inflated structure.

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The theme of both was space development.

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The USA focused on the Apollo Program,
exhibiting a moon rock.

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That was an icon of the Expo.

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The USSR showed a bunch of
spaceships hung in a huge room.

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The fight for dominance
between the two countries

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took the form of Expo exhibitions.

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Expo was a place to show
how modern civilization had

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Anthropologist Expo was a place
to show how modern civilization had

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Anthropologist

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invented wonderful things
one after another.

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It was like a trade show
for industrial technology,

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but the visitors were
the general public.

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Previous Expos made villages and
put indigenous people there.

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Visitors watched them
Like a safari tour.

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People also saw
educated indigenous people,

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wearing uniforms and working.

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They were showcased next to
naked people with spears.

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As a result of modern education,

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savage people became semi-civilized.
Before and after.

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Industrialization and
technical progress were

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the best way for human beings
to be happy.

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To make the general public
understand this

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was the big hidden purpose of Expo.

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So "Progress and evolution
are virtue and justice

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was the concept.

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<i>New development will start
in the 21st century.</i>

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<i>We must build our high-standard
culture and ideal lifestyle.</i>

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In the urban areas,
Skyscrapers will rise up,

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and completely overwhelm
the old century's cityscape.

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. The theme of Expo '70 was
Progress and Harmony for Mankind.

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It suggested that we think about
the subject together.

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Art Historian

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Art Historian Taro
Okamoto rebelled against it.

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Art Historian

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Progress functions backwards.
We are losing our real lives,

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<i>the integrity of our lives,
our bodies and physicality.</i>

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<i>I myself have deep doubts
about progress.</i>

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You say Apollo ls progress.
Progress to what?

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- There are many bad effects,
Like pollution, caused by progress,

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but Taro thought
the theme ignored them.

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They said “harmony” but ignored
civil wars and ethnic conflicts.

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Harmony in Japan had also been
made with compromises.

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Everyone compromised
for superficial harmony.

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Taro didn't reject the theme,
but used it ironically.

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Mankind hadn't achieved
progress or harmony -

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Taro used that as his theme.

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There was no harmony at that time.

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Values were overturned in the midst
of turbulent times.

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Many things in society were upset.

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Scholar of Japanese Fine Arts

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Optimistic futurism.

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The cult of technology.

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The only thing that completely opposed

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those ideas in the history of Expo
was the Tower of the Sun.

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The only one.

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The incongruity of the Tower of the Sun

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is overwhelming.
It's still standing out there,

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Social Designer

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Social Designer and families have
picnics around that strange tower.

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Social Designer

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I first thought
"What the heck is it?”

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Indescribable.

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I couldn't tell if it was
sculpture, architecture or art.

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A strange mixture, like
future and ancient times colliding.

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Absolutely useless.

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It's not symmetrical,
it's kind of twisted.

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Explorer

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Explorer

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Explorer
Somehow it looks joyful.

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Explorer

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The arms are like this,
welcoming something.

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Dancer The arms are like
this, welcoming something.

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Dancer

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Dancer
The arms go...

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Dancer

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Dancer , Upward. That's
why it gives a good aura.

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, Upward.
That's why it gives a good aura.

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If they were I inward,
the aura would be negative.

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Like this, you know.

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It's alright!

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It stands majestically.

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It's always looking at me.

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Some kids are scared to go in.

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A mom? A dad?
Maybe I'm thinking too much.

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The curved lips are a bit funny.

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It looks like it's sulking.

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Maybe because it's alone now.

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The Tower of the Sun was the pavilion

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which hosted
the main exhibition of Expo '70.

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Taro was appointed to create

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator Taro was appointed to create

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART Curator
the facility for the theme exhibition.

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Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

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I read a book about how Taro
was appointed for the role.

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Design Engineer for the Tower of the Sun I read a book about how Taro was appointed for the role.

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Design Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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The Ministries didn't avoid
choosing him,

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daring to take a risk.

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Maybe, society itself was
young and vital in a way.

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Ordinary ways wouldn't catch the West.

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They chose Taro,
not based on solid reasoning,

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but more like a gamble, I guess.

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What Taro actually did was

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Professor of French Philosophy
What Taro actually did was

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Professor of
French Philosophy

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Professor of French Philosophy far
beyond the bureaucrats' intentions.

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Far beyond the bureaucrats' intentions.

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As an avant-garde artist,
he had stood against

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<i>,</i> power and authority. so
I'm sure he felt conflicted to work

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for the state.

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Everyone around him
tried to dissuade him.

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I assume he thought it over and over,

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and decided to go one step further.

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He thought he could make
a myth strong enough

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to control scientific/technological
civilization.

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That was his aim, I think.

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To surpass the progress
of science and technology,

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imagination or vision

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can be created only by artists.

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This incredible idea
came to Taro's mind.

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The Tower of the Sun is
70 meters high,

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so it's a huge structure,
not just an art piece.

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The architect in charge was...

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Sub-Producer for Expo 70 Theme
Exhibition The architect in charge was...

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Sub-Producer for
Expo 70 Theme Exhibition

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Sub-Producer for Expo 70 Theme
Exhibition a fairly meticulous person.

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A fairly meticulous person.

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I received, at the office,

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Design Engineer for the Tower of
the Sun I received, at the office,

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Design Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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Design Engineer for the Tower of the
Sun a 1/100th scale model of the tower.

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A 1/100th scale model of the tower.

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How should I make blueprints?

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Design Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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Design Engineer for the Tower
of the Sun I made a replica,

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00:15:50,324 --> 00:15:50,450
Design Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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00:15:50,450 --> 00:15:55,121
Design Engineer for the Tower of the Sun and had a model maker slice It IN one—-centimeter Increments.

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00:15:55,121 --> 00:15:55,163
Design Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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I made a cast of the shape,

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to outline the tower.

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This curve was different from
one familiar to the Japanese.

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For example, the curve of temple roofs

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is dynamically natural,
but the tower wasn't typical.

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It wasn't structurally beautiful
at all in the drawing.

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Design Engineer for the Tower of the Sun It wasn't structurally beautiful at all in the drawing.

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Design Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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I thought the form wasn't beautiful,

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00:16:22,607 --> 00:16:25,860
Shotcrete Engineer for the Tower of the
Sun I thought the form wasn't beautiful,

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00:16:25,860 --> 00:16:25,985
Shotcrete Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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Shotcrete Engineer for the Tower
of the Sun but quite grotesque.

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00:16:28,863 --> 00:16:28,988
Shotcrete Engineer for
the Tower of the Sun

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00:16:29,030 --> 00:16:33,534
Back then, Kisho Kurokawa and
Arata Isozaki were in their 30s.

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00:16:33,701 --> 00:16:37,872
They were talented emerging architects.

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00:16:38,039 --> 00:16:42,460
Their assistants were mostly
mid and late 20s.

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So, there was an energetic mood
among US.

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A “we were selected” kind of atmosphere

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filled the office at that time.

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We were inspired by each other
and went full throttle.

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The entire society was full of energy.

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Taro wanted the surface bumpy.

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Like you threw some mud balls
at the surface.

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Not an industrial surface,
but a more natural texture

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was what he pursued.

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It was huge. Massive.

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I realized that we were making
something extraordinary.

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Even then, it was a special feeling.

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When I looked up at it on the site,

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the perspective was very close.

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The 20-meter body and
the 12. 5-meter face looked

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00:17:50,695 --> 00:17:54,448
enormously huge, but the top

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looked extremely small.

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It was like an unknown monster.

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Taro proposed the Tower of the Sun,

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which punched a hole in
Kenzo Tange's Big Roof.

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Big Roof was a prototype
of a mid-air city

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<i>Architect/ Expo " 70-Osaka General Producer
Big Roof was a prototype of a mid-air city</i>

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Architect/
Expo '70-Osaka General Producer

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Architect/ Expo '70-Osaka General
Producer created by Tange's imagination.

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00:18:24,478 --> 00:18:24,562
Architect/
Expo '70-Osaka General Producer

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It was made using a new structure
called “space frame.

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With that technique,
you could extend the roof

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as far as you wanted.

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00:18:34,822 --> 00:18:39,327
A new city could be born in mid-air.

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00:18:39,785 --> 00:18:44,457
The abstract urbanization idea
showcased at Expo 70 was

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00:18:44,582 --> 00:18:49,587
from the architectural movement
cal led Metabolism.

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00:18:49,712 --> 00:18:52,798
As Japan is an island nation,

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00:18:53,049 --> 00:18:55,926
unlike Europe, China and the USA,

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00:18:56,052 --> 00:19:01,349
it's impossible to develop a city
Just as you draw it up.

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The architects thought of
making a space.

245
00:19:04,602 --> 00:19:08,314
Making artificial flat land
in the air would

246
00:19:08,439 --> 00:19:11,484
make pure urban planning possible.

247
00:19:11,734 --> 00:19:15,863
Big Roof is the apotheosis of
the Metabolist movement,

248
00:19:16,030 --> 00:19:19,033
and the Tower of the Sun
penetrated the roof.

249
00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:23,704
It was like a
"polaristic" explosion.

250
00:19:23,871 --> 00:19:27,333
It's very meaningful to make a hole.

251
00:19:27,458 --> 00:19:31,545
Because a hole connects
the top and the bottom.

252
00:19:31,712 --> 00:19:34,882
I think it means that
values are overturned.

253
00:19:35,049 --> 00:19:41,555
Taro won when the hole was made,
because there was no top or bottom.

254
00:19:41,722 --> 00:19:46,727
Three levels:
underground, surface and mid-air.

255
00:19:47,269 --> 00:19:50,481
Underground was the past world.

256
00:19:50,606 --> 00:19:52,983
Surface was the present.

257
00:19:53,442 --> 00:19:56,195
Big Roof in the air was the future.

258
00:19:56,320 --> 00:20:02,660
The theme zone was divided
into these three worlds.

259
00:20:02,785 --> 00:20:08,040
First you went underground and
saw the birth of life.

260
00:20:08,165 --> 00:20:12,086
The first one was life.
Substances making life.

261
00:20:12,253 --> 00:20:16,757
Taro first showed
substances in blood, and

262
00:20:16,924 --> 00:20:20,511
the moment when life is born.

263
00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:24,098
He began the story of the theme
from there.

264
00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:25,850
Next was...

265
00:20:25,975 --> 00:20:27,935
the zone of humans.

266
00:20:28,060 --> 00:20:33,607
Human beings lived their proud lives
in harmony with nature.

267
00:20:34,108 --> 00:20:39,113
The exhibition captured a moment
of those lives in

268
00:20:39,238 --> 00:20:41,782
the time of hunting and gathering.

269
00:20:42,158 --> 00:20:45,619
The third area was about prayer.

270
00:20:45,786 --> 00:20:49,039
Things Taro collected
from all over the world,

271
00:20:49,623 --> 00:20:53,794
like masks and statues of gods,
were hanging

272
00:20:53,919 --> 00:20:55,087
in the air.

273
00:20:55,546 --> 00:21:01,302
The main mask in the center
was the Underground Sun,

274
00:21:01,469 --> 00:21:05,222
but it had no nose or mouth, just eyes.

275
00:21:06,474 --> 00:21:09,643
Passing it, you went into the tower.

276
00:21:09,935 --> 00:21:15,232
There was the "Tree of Life”,
a 45-meter tree-shape object,

277
00:21:15,357 --> 00:21:21,947
with creatures, from ameba to human,
describing the evolution of life.

278
00:21:22,072 --> 00:21:25,659
292 creatures were attached to the tree.

279
00:21:26,118 --> 00:21:26,160
Sub-Producer for
Expo 70 Theme Exhibition

280
00:21:26,160 --> 00:21:30,831
Sub-Producer for Expo '7O Theme Exhibition Taro drew the I image of the "Tree of Life" on a big canvas,

281
00:21:30,831 --> 00:21:31,457
Taro drew the image of
the "Tree of Life on a big canvas,

282
00:21:31,582 --> 00:21:34,668
and told us to glue images of creatures.

283
00:21:34,835 --> 00:21:39,340
So everyone cut images
from magazines or posters.

284
00:21:39,507 --> 00:21:45,304
An elephant, or others.
And the entire work was made.

285
00:21:45,429 --> 00:21:50,017
He often said,
like he was talking to himself:

286
00:21:50,184 --> 00:21:56,023
"This is a tree, but the shape is
the same as blood vessels.'

287
00:21:56,148 --> 00:22:00,861
I learned that
the entire tower was life.

288
00:22:00,986 --> 00:22:04,615
The tree was veins, arteries
and lymph glands.

289
00:22:04,740 --> 00:22:10,663
The red folds were like a brain,
called "intellectual folds”.

290
00:22:11,080 --> 00:22:11,163
Artist/Fashion Designer

291
00:22:11,163 --> 00:22:16,794
Artist/Fashion Designer
For Taro, red symbolized blood.

292
00:22:16,794 --> 00:22:16,877
Artist/Fashion Designer

293
00:22:17,086 --> 00:22:21,882
Especially, he meant bright red blood.

294
00:22:22,007 --> 00:22:27,012
The impression from it is
like fresh blood, right?

295
00:22:27,137 --> 00:22:28,514
The symbol of life.

296
00:22:28,973 --> 00:22:30,683
You look down from the top,

297
00:22:30,808 --> 00:22:35,479
and you see various creatures
memorized in your blood,

298
00:22:35,604 --> 00:22:40,484
reaching to a single cell.
It's all one line.

299
00:22:41,026 --> 00:22:45,072
All lives are connected,
deriving from one root.

300
00:22:45,197 --> 00:22:47,241
All is one.

301
00:22:47,449 --> 00:22:52,204
Actually the amebas were huge,
but human was like this.

302
00:22:53,497 --> 00:22:57,668
- Human was the smallest,
which represented Taro's view.

303
00:22:58,085 --> 00:23:00,421
He said, "Look at ameba".

304
00:23:00,754 --> 00:23:03,257
"They stretch and shrink.”

305
00:23:03,424 --> 00:23:08,554
“Unite and separate.
They can move so freely.

306
00:23:08,679 --> 00:23:12,766
"Don't you envy them?”

307
00:23:12,933 --> 00:23:18,898
Humans are unhappy, dirty and poor
because of self-consciousness.

308
00:23:19,023 --> 00:23:22,776
If you reduce yourself to
a single-celled creature,

309
00:23:22,902 --> 00:23:26,280
you'll feel that your life is fulfilled.

310
00:23:27,364 --> 00:23:32,119
You up the escalator,
looking at the Tree of Life.

311
00:23:32,244 --> 00:23:36,790
You go through the arms,
and get to Big Roof.

312
00:23:37,124 --> 00:23:43,297
In Big Roof, there was a future city.

313
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:48,302
It was the future,
but had the “Wall of Contradiction”.

314
00:23:48,552 --> 00:23:54,224
A collage of various contradictions,
ugliness like wars was displayed there.

315
00:23:54,808 --> 00:23:59,480
A piece about a nuclear bomb, too.
After seeing those works,

316
00:23:59,605 --> 00:24:02,149
a photo exhibition was on the ground.

317
00:24:02,441 --> 00:24:07,071
It was titled "The Common Man -
Mainstay of Today's World”.

318
00:24:07,196 --> 00:24:12,952
Nameless common citizens supported
society and the human world.

319
00:24:13,077 --> 00:24:16,664
Taro said this, I heard.
What he created was

320
00:24:16,830 --> 00:24:22,336
the complete opposite
of the idea and values of Expo.

321
00:24:22,962 --> 00:24:27,257
"You have to expose
the desires and aesthetics...”

322
00:24:27,633 --> 00:24:30,678
“That humans originally have
in themselves."

323
00:24:30,803 --> 00:24:35,975
"Otherwise, there's no progress
or harmony, he often said.

324
00:24:36,350 --> 00:24:38,185
Taro said,

325
00:24:38,978 --> 00:24:44,024
"If we can't complete
the Tower of the Sun,”

326
00:24:44,274 --> 00:24:49,446
"I will stand and open my arms
out there.'

327
00:24:49,571 --> 00:24:51,865
He actually said that.

328
00:24:52,116 --> 00:24:59,456
Scholar of Japanese Fine Arts

329
00:25:17,224 --> 00:25:20,185
The Tower of the Sun is interesting.

330
00:25:22,521 --> 00:25:23,397
I don't know...

331
00:25:24,231 --> 00:25:28,569
What does the tower mean to us?

332
00:25:33,699 --> 00:25:37,369
<i>Giving up flesh and blood,
you are a slave to machines.</i>

333
00:25:37,494 --> 00:25:42,916
Harmony ls a collision. .
You need to throw in something opposite.

334
00:25:43,083 --> 00:25:47,921
That's why I created it.
I don't mind if people hate it

335
00:25:48,088 --> 00:25:52,009
If people are not happy with it.
That's fine.

336
00:26:53,445 --> 00:26:57,407
His father, Ippei, was a cartoonist.

337
00:26:57,533 --> 00:27:01,495
His mother, Kanoko, was
a poet and novelist.

338
00:27:01,620 --> 00:27:04,331
Taro was born into an artistic family.

339
00:27:04,456 --> 00:27:09,628
This is a well-known story:
When Kanoko did her work,

340
00:27:09,753 --> 00:27:14,758
in order to focus,
she tied Taro to a pillar with her belt.

341
00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:17,511
Of course, Taro cried.

342
00:27:17,636 --> 00:27:21,682
No matter how much he cried,
Kanoko didn't look back.

343
00:27:22,391 --> 00:27:25,310
And Taro, being left alone,

344
00:27:25,435 --> 00:27:28,438
kept staring at his mother's back.

345
00:27:28,730 --> 00:27:34,862
Later Taro said he understood
his mother even when he was little.

346
00:27:35,028 --> 00:27:39,491
The way artists create their work,
and their devotion.

347
00:27:39,616 --> 00:27:41,201
He learned this from his mother.

348
00:27:41,326 --> 00:27:46,832
Toshiko, who was Taro's partner,
was my aunt.

349
00:27:47,124 --> 00:27:52,004
So, I've known Taro and Toshiko
since I was little.

350
00:27:52,921 --> 00:27:56,550
Toshiko often said that
Taro's parents did not

351
00:27:56,675 --> 00:27:59,219
treat Taro as a small child.

352
00:27:59,386 --> 00:28:02,389
They treated him as an individual.

353
00:28:02,890 --> 00:28:08,312
Before Taro moved to Paris,
Ippei went to London for work.

354
00:28:08,437 --> 00:28:09,730
Kanoko went with him.

355
00:28:09,855 --> 00:28:14,234
Taro entered university
Just six months before,

356
00:28:14,401 --> 00:28:18,488
but he left Japan with his parents,
but not for a trip.

357
00:28:18,739 --> 00:28:23,160
He was going to live in Paris,
using that opportunity.

358
00:28:23,493 --> 00:28:25,162
He decided that.

359
00:28:25,495 --> 00:28:30,083
In Paris, he looked around museums
and studied painting.

360
00:28:30,209 --> 00:28:30,542
He was shocked when he saw
Picasso's work.

361
00:28:30,542 --> 00:28:33,587
He was shocked when he saw
Artist Picasso's work.

362
00:28:33,587 --> 00:28:33,712
Artist

363
00:28:34,004 --> 00:28:38,425
In abstract art, it doesn't matter
if you are from Japan,

364
00:28:38,592 --> 00:28:42,554
or what style you have done previously.

365
00:28:42,888 --> 00:28:44,264
Then, he was in.

366
00:28:44,681 --> 00:28:44,890
Paris led the established
Western world,

367
00:28:44,890 --> 00:28:49,186
Professor of French Philosophy Paris
led the established Western world,

368
00:28:49,186 --> 00:28:49,269
Professor of
French Philosophy

369
00:28:49,311 --> 00:28:51,605
which led the whole planet.

370
00:28:51,772 --> 00:28:57,611
But the World War was about to begin,
and society was in chaos.

371
00:28:57,778 --> 00:29:02,616
It was a time of extreme pressure
in society

372
00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:07,037
when Taro joined
the edgiest group of artists,

373
00:29:07,329 --> 00:29:09,623
avant-garde artists.

374
00:29:09,790 --> 00:29:12,209
But he reached an impasse soon.

375
00:29:12,584 --> 00:29:16,296
Finally, when he was 25,
he couldn't hold back from

376
00:29:16,672 --> 00:29:18,966
painting "Wounded Arm”.

377
00:29:19,091 --> 00:29:22,594
It wasn't categorized as
an abstract work.

378
00:29:22,719 --> 00:29:25,973
But when Andre Breton looked at it,

379
00:29:26,431 --> 00:29:26,807
he suggested Taro show it
at a Surrealist exhibition.

380
00:29:26,807 --> 00:29:30,269
He suggested Taro show it
Poet/Author at a Surrealist exhibition.

381
00:29:30,269 --> 00:29:30,477
Poet/Author

382
00:29:30,477 --> 00:29:33,397
Breton was the leader of
Poet/Author the movement.

383
00:29:33,397 --> 00:29:33,480
Poet/Author

384
00:29:33,730 --> 00:29:35,816
The Surrealist artists

385
00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:38,819
invited him to join them.

386
00:29:39,319 --> 00:29:40,821
But he didn't join.

387
00:29:41,363 --> 00:29:43,782
Abstraction and Surrealism,
both were fine,

388
00:29:44,700 --> 00:29:48,495
but after all, they were in
a world of art and artists.

389
00:29:48,662 --> 00:29:52,499
It was not important to pick
your group, left or right.

390
00:29:52,791 --> 00:29:55,168
Meanwhile, he realized that

391
00:29:55,335 --> 00:30:00,299
he had to study not only technique
but human existence.

392
00:30:00,716 --> 00:30:02,634
He entered the University of Paris.

393
00:30:02,759 --> 00:30:08,849
He happened to see
some old folkloric artifacts.

394
00:30:08,974 --> 00:30:10,350
He was shocked.

395
00:30:11,184 --> 00:30:14,646
It was not high art,
but used for daily life.

396
00:30:14,771 --> 00:30:20,777
Something created not by artists,
but by people living there.

397
00:30:20,902 --> 00:30:23,530
It caught his eye very strongly,

398
00:30:23,655 --> 00:30:29,286
and he entered the Institute
of Ethnology in the university.

399
00:30:29,411 --> 00:30:30,078
The famous professors included
Marcel Mauss.

400
00:30:30,078 --> 00:30:34,291
Anthropologist The famous
professors included Marcel Mauss.

401
00:30:34,291 --> 00:30:34,374
Anthropologist

402
00:30:34,416 --> 00:30:36,460
Mauss is interesting because
he was good at discovering

403
00:30:36,460 --> 00:30:40,213
Mauss is interesting because I I
he was good at discovering Sociologist

404
00:30:40,213 --> 00:30:40,380
Sociologist

405
00:30:40,380 --> 00:30:41,965
cultures and thoughts passed on from
ancient Celtic and Paleolithic Eras, Sociologist

406
00:30:41,965 --> 00:30:46,845
cultures and thoughts passed on from
ancient Celtic and Paleolithic Eras,

407
00:30:46,970 --> 00:30:50,891
in our modern lives.
They have survived and

408
00:30:51,475 --> 00:30:55,062
appear in different shapes.

409
00:30:55,145 --> 00:30:55,354
Ethnologist

410
00:30:55,354 --> 00:30:57,314
Ethnologist Mauss is known
for his theory of "The Gift”.

411
00:30:57,314 --> 00:30:59,191
Mauss is known for
his theory of "The Gift”.

412
00:30:59,316 --> 00:31:02,486
A mask from an “uncivilized” society,
for example.

413
00:31:02,611 --> 00:31:04,988
When you see it, the mask

414
00:31:05,113 --> 00:31:08,909
reflects the maker's view of the world,

415
00:31:09,076 --> 00:31:12,871
and his/her inner spirit.

416
00:31:12,996 --> 00:31:14,539
Therefore, if you learn
the method of interpretation,

417
00:31:14,539 --> 00:31:19,419
Ethnologist Therefore, if you
learn the method of interpretation,

418
00:31:19,419 --> 00:31:19,586
Ethnologist

419
00:31:19,586 --> 00:31:20,545
Ethnologist
you will be able to interpret it.

420
00:31:20,545 --> 00:31:23,090
You will be able to interpret it.

421
00:31:23,548 --> 00:31:25,675
Mauss first advocated this.

422
00:31:26,218 --> 00:31:31,390
You have a goal you are aiming at,
and visvalize it,

423
00:31:31,515 --> 00:31:35,852
and project it toward the future,
which is called “vision”.

424
00:31:35,977 --> 00:31:41,400
Myths embrace the power of vision.

425
00:31:41,858 --> 00:31:44,611
That is Marcel Mauss's theory.

426
00:31:44,778 --> 00:31:48,198
Taro had a similar idea

427
00:31:49,449 --> 00:31:52,452
to what Mauss said. I mean,

428
00:31:52,619 --> 00:31:57,124
he also believed in the power of myths.

429
00:32:21,314 --> 00:32:28,113
Being an artist is not just
being someone who paints.

430
00:32:28,238 --> 00:32:34,661
Artists need to live as
integrated and free beings.

431
00:32:34,828 --> 00:32:41,168
So, we must know everything
that happens in the world.

432
00:32:41,626 --> 00:32:55,307
That is why Marcel Mauss's
ethnology fascinates me.

433
00:32:55,682 --> 00:33:00,353
The person who influenced Taro
the most,

434
00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:05,692
or for whom he had a sympathy
was Georges Bataille.

435
00:33:05,817 --> 00:33:08,528
I think that's wild.

436
00:33:09,112 --> 00:33:11,406
Bataille, at that time, said

437
00:33:11,406 --> 00:33:12,199
Bataille, at that time, said Philosopher

438
00:33:12,199 --> 00:33:12,741
Philosopher

439
00:33:12,741 --> 00:33:18,330
we should destroy all systems
and established aesthetics, Philosopher

440
00:33:18,330 --> 00:33:18,371
Philosopher

441
00:33:18,538 --> 00:33:21,541
10 release our senses for new creation.

442
00:33:21,666 --> 00:33:24,211
He said "Beauty is shit.”

443
00:33:24,586 --> 00:33:31,343
“If you can't say shit is beautiful,
you are trapped by old aesthetics.

444
00:33:31,468 --> 00:33:36,181
This is called "Base Materialism”.

445
00:33:36,306 --> 00:33:39,309
Ideologies are useless.
Actual things.

446
00:33:39,434 --> 00:33:43,063
Living things, which can rot.

447
00:33:43,188 --> 00:33:49,069
And they are not sophisticated.
No theory.

448
00:33:49,194 --> 00:33:54,157
"This stinky rotten thing”
IS what we need.

449
00:33:54,282 --> 00:33:57,244
So, Bataille

450
00:33:58,703 --> 00:34:03,083
horrified all his fellow philosophers.

451
00:34:03,250 --> 00:34:05,210
Actually, they hated him.

452
00:34:05,335 --> 00:34:09,005
But in fact, his idea can

453
00:34:09,422 --> 00:34:12,092
go beyond the modern era.

454
00:34:12,509 --> 00:34:13,134
The clue is that you shouldn't
have anthropocentric ideas.

455
00:34:13,134 --> 00:34:17,097
Literary Critic The clue is that you
shouldn't have anthropocentric ideas.

456
00:34:17,097 --> 00:34:17,222
Literary Critic

457
00:34:17,222 --> 00:34:20,600
Literary Critic
Bataille obviously thought that

458
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:20,725
Literary Critic

459
00:34:20,725 --> 00:34:22,352
Literary Critic the humans who made
cave paintings lived on in himself.

460
00:34:22,352 --> 00:34:25,438
The humans who made cave paintings
lived on in himself.

461
00:34:26,356 --> 00:34:28,567
The motifs were animals.

462
00:34:29,067 --> 00:34:33,113
Mixtures of humans and animals
were also found.

463
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:38,368
It can be human and animal
at the same time.

464
00:34:38,493 --> 00:34:43,623
In nature, humans are not
a special existence,

465
00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:46,251
they are a part of nature.

466
00:34:46,835 --> 00:34:51,715
Taro followed Bataille,

467
00:34:51,923 --> 00:34:57,971
and he even joined a kind of
secret society.

468
00:34:58,096 --> 00:35:03,810
It was like Taro's destiny, I guess.

469
00:35:04,894 --> 00:35:10,817
From that point,
he was not a mere painter.

470
00:35:16,072 --> 00:35:19,784
Not only as a painter, but

471
00:35:19,909 --> 00:35:22,120
not ordinary as a person.

472
00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:39,846
Taro was Japanese.

473
00:35:40,013 --> 00:35:43,600
As the war escalated,
Taro returned to Japan.

474
00:35:43,725 --> 00:35:48,146
He came back, but Japan still had
old rules from the 19th century,

475
00:35:48,146 --> 00:35:49,439
Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum Director He came back,
but Japan still had old rules from the 19th century,

476
00:35:49,439 --> 00:35:49,564
Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum
Director

477
00:35:49,564 --> 00:35:54,778
Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum Director and
the art world carried this old mentality.

478
00:35:54,778 --> 00:35:54,861
Taro Okamoto Memorial Museum
Director

479
00:35:54,903 --> 00:35:59,616
If you turned away even a little,
you'd be ignored.

480
00:35:59,866 --> 00:36:01,660
When Taro realized,

481
00:36:01,785 --> 00:36:07,666
I'm sure it was a big shock for him.

482
00:36:08,041 --> 00:36:11,211
“Is my country like this?”

483
00:36:11,544 --> 00:36:12,629
After returning to Japan,

484
00:36:12,629 --> 00:36:13,713
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator After returning to Japan,

485
00:36:13,713 --> 00:36:14,756
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

486
00:36:14,756 --> 00:36:19,719
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART Curator Taro
wondered what real art Is. And he tried to

487
00:36:19,844 --> 00:36:23,223
provoke that question in Japan.

488
00:36:23,390 --> 00:36:28,395
What we had thought was art
might be not art.

489
00:36:28,728 --> 00:36:32,399
Across the Japanese islands,

490
00:36:32,565 --> 00:36:36,236
Taro visited many places.

491
00:36:36,403 --> 00:36:40,907
He visited Tohoku in the north
and Okinawa in the south, where

492
00:36:41,032 --> 00:36:45,412
they still have cultures
passed on from the Jomon era.

493
00:36:45,537 --> 00:36:50,917
He encountered them, and explored where

494
00:36:51,042 --> 00:36:53,420
he was standing.

495
00:36:53,545 --> 00:36:56,881
In his words at that time,

496
00:36:57,006 --> 00:36:59,551
"We must be covered
in the mud of Japan.”

497
00:37:00,260 --> 00:37:05,765
“We Japanese can't go to the world
without the mud of Japan.

498
00:37:05,890 --> 00:37:10,562
"Otherwise we can't face
the latest ideas and art.”

499
00:37:10,687 --> 00:37:16,401
He strongly felt that.

500
00:37:16,693 --> 00:37:18,403
So, my roots.

501
00:37:18,778 --> 00:37:23,783
Where are they?
What is the origin of Japan?

502
00:37:24,534 --> 00:37:29,873
Where Is the real Japan?
He began to look for it.

503
00:37:39,424 --> 00:37:42,051
It was in 1952.

504
00:37:42,177 --> 00:37:47,807
Archaeologist Taro saw Jomon
pottery at the National Museum in Ueno.

505
00:37:47,807 --> 00:37:47,891
Archaeologist

506
00:37:47,932 --> 00:37:52,061
When he saw it,
he shouted “What is it?”

507
00:37:54,105 --> 00:37:58,276
What were the makers thinking?

508
00:37:58,610 --> 00:38:01,905
What did they imply with it?

509
00:38:02,030 --> 00:38:05,158
Taro was attracted by those ideas.

510
00:38:08,453 --> 00:38:11,581
- The Jomon era was
a hunting and gathering society.

511
00:38:11,706 --> 00:38:16,419
They didn't adopt mass agriculture.

512
00:38:16,544 --> 00:38:20,590
It is clear if you compare
Jomon and Yayoi pottery.

513
00:38:20,715 --> 00:38:25,428
Yayoi pottery has no features.

514
00:38:25,804 --> 00:38:31,684
With no decoration,
it was purely practical.

515
00:38:32,060 --> 00:38:38,149
Taro saw “Kaen-doki”,
the flame-rimmed earthen vessel.

516
00:38:38,274 --> 00:38:42,362
It was a big extraordinary vessel.

517
00:38:42,529 --> 00:38:44,948
Like “What is it?”

518
00:38:45,073 --> 00:38:50,036
The spirit of the Jomon people
was reflected in it.

519
00:38:50,286 --> 00:38:56,000
Especially, it expresses
their state of mind while hunting.

520
00:38:56,125 --> 00:39:00,547
When hunting, you hide yourself,
holding a spear.

521
00:39:00,713 --> 00:39:05,343
You jump out and Kill
when the opportunity comes.

522
00:39:05,468 --> 00:39:11,224
The process, how they felt:
their excitement,

523
00:39:11,349 --> 00:39:17,355
or their calmness. This was all
described in the Jomon curves.

524
00:39:17,772 --> 00:39:21,860
Taro remembered what he learned
from Marcel Mauss.

525
00:39:21,985 --> 00:39:27,031
Those various magical things
from an "uncivilized" world,

526
00:39:27,156 --> 00:39:32,036
including masks and tools.
I'm sure he remembered it all.

527
00:39:32,662 --> 00:39:35,248
"Wabi sabi” in Japan,

528
00:39:35,373 --> 00:39:39,586
was characteristic in art
from the Yayoi era.

529
00:39:39,711 --> 00:39:43,423
It was simple and functionally neat,

530
00:39:43,673 --> 00:39:49,429
but it doesn't seem to have
an explosive power,

531
00:39:49,637 --> 00:39:54,183
which may destroy even itself.

532
00:39:54,517 --> 00:40:01,274
I think Japanese people have
the spirit of the primitive

533
00:40:01,399 --> 00:40:06,070
somewhere deep within us.

534
00:40:06,195 --> 00:40:12,076
Taro was aware of this.
He wanted to bring it out.

535
00:40:12,201 --> 00:40:16,289
He wanted to disturb
the pre-established harmony

536
00:40:16,456 --> 00:40:21,920
found in the quiet and motionless
Japanese culture.

537
00:40:22,045 --> 00:40:26,049
I think he believed
that would be possible

538
00:40:26,174 --> 00:40:31,554
if he awakened and brought out
our inner primitivity.

539
00:40:31,846 --> 00:40:31,888
Archaeologist

540
00:40:31,888 --> 00:40:35,224
Archaeologist Yayoi is the
culture of the Chinese continent.

541
00:40:35,224 --> 00:40:35,350
Archaeologist

542
00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:38,102
Archaeologist
The Japanized continental culture.

543
00:40:38,102 --> 00:40:38,144
Archaeologist

544
00:40:38,227 --> 00:40:43,316
When Yayoi came to Japan,
the Jomon culture was subdued.

545
00:40:43,441 --> 00:40:46,611
Completely conquered, culturally.

546
00:40:46,736 --> 00:40:52,283
The Yayoi culture brought
rice farming and iron.

547
00:40:52,408 --> 00:40:55,411
These were new techniques.

548
00:40:55,536 --> 00:40:59,415
Agrarian civilization
and techniques dominated

549
00:40:59,540 --> 00:41:04,504
all of Japan, and
that made what we are now.

550
00:41:04,671 --> 00:41:08,591
As Taro wrote in his thesis,

551
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:15,098
from the time humanity emerged,
cognition has been unchanged.

552
00:41:15,223 --> 00:41:19,477
It's not true that primitives
or children are inferior.

553
00:41:19,602 --> 00:41:24,357
It's a fantasy to think science helps
us understand the world better.

554
00:41:24,524 --> 00:41:29,028
Even before physics or math was
established, human beings

555
00:41:29,153 --> 00:41:31,781
recognized the world as we do.

556
00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:38,871
From Yayoi, bureaucracy and
hierarchy were established.

557
00:41:39,038 --> 00:41:41,332
People live routinely,

558
00:41:41,791 --> 00:41:43,501
and hoard their gains.

559
00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:49,674
In the pet it bourgeois society,
people lose the purpose of life,

560
00:41:50,008 --> 00:41:53,845
and become like machines.

561
00:41:54,137 --> 00:41:56,889
This has lasted for 2000 years.

562
00:41:57,015 --> 00:42:00,727
The Jomon era lasted
over ten thousand years.

563
00:42:00,852 --> 00:42:05,231
It was an alternative to
capitalist society.

564
00:42:05,565 --> 00:42:06,065
A hunting society seems
competitive, but it is not.

565
00:42:06,065 --> 00:42:10,403
Explorer A hunting society
seems competitive, but it is not.

566
00:42:10,403 --> 00:42:10,528
Explorer

567
00:42:10,528 --> 00:42:12,363
Explorer
They never brag when they kill.

568
00:42:12,363 --> 00:42:14,032
They never brag when they kill.

569
00:42:14,407 --> 00:42:17,160
It is an equal society.

570
00:42:17,285 --> 00:42:22,915
Things are hand-made with natural
materials, all freely available.

571
00:42:23,374 --> 00:42:26,044
No inequality on a material level.

572
00:42:26,169 --> 00:42:31,340
If you are given something
from others, you owe them, right?

573
00:42:31,466 --> 00:42:34,427
But a hunting society avoids this.

574
00:42:34,594 --> 00:42:40,892
One binge eats
while the other goes hungry.

575
00:42:41,017 --> 00:42:44,896
In their society,
even a child knows this is wrong.

576
00:42:45,021 --> 00:42:49,108
They try to be equal
on both material and ethical levels.

577
00:42:49,358 --> 00:42:55,406
The population of hunter-gatherers
is now almost zero.

578
00:42:55,531 --> 00:43:00,411
In the world we are in,
there are eight rich people,

579
00:43:00,536 --> 00:43:06,459
who have the same amount of money
that 3.8 billion people have.

580
00:43:06,626 --> 00:43:10,254
This insane society is what we have got.

581
00:43:10,838 --> 00:43:13,633
Farming has been industrialized.

582
00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:17,970
The owners hire farmers,
and become rich.

583
00:43:18,096 --> 00:43:20,473
Someone who has never touched soil

584
00:43:20,890 --> 00:43:27,271
- hires many people to do
farming efficiently., which Is wrong.

585
00:43:27,396 --> 00:43:31,234
People should own their land,

586
00:43:31,359 --> 00:43:36,155
and grow what they eat themselves.

587
00:43:36,280 --> 00:43:38,825
I believe that is an ideal society.

588
00:43:38,950 --> 00:43:41,911
After the Jomon era ended,

589
00:43:42,036 --> 00:43:46,624
People from the continent arrived
in the southwest, and moved north.

590
00:43:46,749 --> 00:43:50,586
They pushed the Jomon people
to the north and south,

591
00:43:50,711 --> 00:43:57,009
probably interacting, but forcefully,
to the outskirts.

592
00:43:57,176 --> 00:44:00,930
That's why it's said
Ainu and Okinawans are alike.

593
00:44:01,055 --> 00:44:02,306
On the periphery of Japan,
not the center,

594
00:44:02,306 --> 00:44:04,183
Art Historian On the periphery
of Japan, not the center,

595
00:44:04,183 --> 00:44:04,308
Art Historian

596
00:44:04,308 --> 00:44:08,855
Art Historian Taro hoped to
find the remnants of Jomon culture.

597
00:44:08,855 --> 00:44:09,021
Art Historian

598
00:44:09,021 --> 00:44:09,981
Art Historian
So, he explored Tohoku and Okinawa.

599
00:44:09,981 --> 00:44:12,108
So, he explored Tohoku and Okinawa.

600
00:44:29,041 --> 00:44:33,713
Ainu Vocal Group

601
00:44:49,562 --> 00:44:53,983
Jomon culture's front line
was east Japan,

602
00:44:54,108 --> 00:44:57,737
although Taro didn't know.

603
00:44:57,862 --> 00:45:03,326
Ancient Emishi or Ezo people,
and the Ainu,

604
00:45:03,451 --> 00:45:08,873
those people might be connected with
the Jomon culture.

605
00:45:08,998 --> 00:45:13,211
Taro was certain of this.

606
00:45:46,577 --> 00:45:50,957
Iwate Traditional Dance
Deer Dance

607
00:45:50,957 --> 00:45:51,249
Iwate Traditional Dance Deer Dance Taro began
photographing old people in rural Tohoku,

608
00:45:51,249 --> 00:45:55,127
Taro began photographing
old people in rural Tohoku,

609
00:45:55,294 --> 00:46:00,299
as well as the old rituals
and festivals.

610
00:46:00,424 --> 00:46:05,471
What he felt about
modern Japanese society was...

611
00:46:05,596 --> 00:46:09,642
economic development was
worshipped as an idol,

612
00:46:09,809 --> 00:46:15,147
which destroyed old things,
made roads and buildings.

613
00:46:15,314 --> 00:46:19,902
Taro was repulsed by that. So,

614
00:46:20,027 --> 00:46:24,782
when he found Tohoku and Okinawa,

615
00:46:24,907 --> 00:46:27,994
he was completely absorbed.

616
00:46:29,203 --> 00:46:33,332
He wanted to look into
what remained there.

617
00:46:33,457 --> 00:46:37,503
In contrast with a hot society
with energetic progress,

618
00:46:37,628 --> 00:46:42,591
Taro tried to find what human beings
had thought, hoped and dreamed,

619
00:46:42,717 --> 00:46:45,678
in a context of a cold static society.

620
00:46:48,806 --> 00:46:51,475
Taro watched the traditional deer dance,

621
00:46:51,475 --> 00:46:53,978
Ethnologist
Taro watched the traditional deer dance,

622
00:46:53,978 --> 00:46:54,103
Ethnologist

623
00:46:54,103 --> 00:46:57,273
Ethnologist
in Hanamaki, Iwate Prefecture.

624
00:46:57,273 --> 00:46:57,356
Ethnologist

625
00:46:57,523 --> 00:47:02,945
Local farmers were disguised as deer.

626
00:47:03,070 --> 00:47:09,201
Taro joined them dancing,
and took great photos.

627
00:47:09,827 --> 00:47:13,831
When the deer dance was born,

628
00:47:13,956 --> 00:47:18,961
people faced animals one on one,

629
00:47:19,420 --> 00:47:23,466
one kills and the other is killed -
they meet with their [lives.

630
00:47:23,591 --> 00:47:28,304
That memory is included in the dance.

631
00:47:28,888 --> 00:47:33,225
Taro always photographed
the dancers faces,

632
00:47:33,392 --> 00:47:35,561
after taking off their masks.

633
00:47:35,728 --> 00:47:39,231
The dancers showed their relaxed faces.

634
00:47:39,648 --> 00:47:43,819
Human beings transform themselves
into animals,

635
00:47:44,028 --> 00:47:49,158
and back to humans again.
He captured that moment.

636
00:47:49,408 --> 00:47:53,913
This dynamism or transformation

637
00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:57,875
is an indicator of shamanism.

638
00:47:58,125 --> 00:48:01,921
I think Taro thought that way.

639
00:48:12,598 --> 00:48:14,600
In relation to the deer dance,

640
00:48:14,725 --> 00:48:18,729
Ainu in Hokkaido have a ritual
cal led lomante.

641
00:48:18,854 --> 00:48:23,859
When they kill a bear which has a cub,

642
00:48:24,026 --> 00:48:29,532
the women in the village raise
the cub for a year or two.

643
00:48:29,657 --> 00:48:34,954
Then later, they sacrifice the cub.

644
00:48:35,079 --> 00:48:39,625
Iomante literally means
"to send something off".

645
00:48:39,792 --> 00:48:45,131
When Taro learned about
this lomante ritual, he saw

646
00:48:45,297 --> 00:48:48,217
a similarity with the deer dance.

647
00:48:48,342 --> 00:48:54,098
The direct relationships between
humans and animals or wildlife,

648
00:48:54,223 --> 00:48:58,269
and their interactions.

649
00:49:00,980 --> 00:49:03,065
Living with wild animals

650
00:49:03,190 --> 00:49:08,320
right next to you,
you naturally have the skills

651
00:49:08,946 --> 00:49:12,741
to kill bears or deer,
and to dismember them.

652
00:49:12,867 --> 00:49:15,119
They are arts of living.

653
00:49:15,244 --> 00:49:19,999
Killing, eating, skinning
and tanning animals are

654
00:49:20,124 --> 00:49:21,750
just natural acts.

655
00:49:21,876 --> 00:49:28,924
In western Japan, people who skin
dead horses or cows have been

656
00:49:29,049 --> 00:49:33,179
historically discriminated against.

657
00:49:33,345 --> 00:49:36,098
But it's not true in Tohoku.

658
00:49:36,223 --> 00:49:42,480
The human-animal relationships based on
the hunting culture from Jomon

659
00:49:42,605 --> 00:49:44,982
has affected this.

660
00:49:45,566 --> 00:49:46,108
Ainu in Hokkaido have tattoos
on our hands and mouths.

661
00:49:46,108 --> 00:49:49,695
MAREWREW Vocalist Ainu in Hokkaido
have tattoos on our hands and mouths.

662
00:49:49,695 --> 00:49:49,820
MAREWREW Vocalist

663
00:49:49,820 --> 00:49:50,529
MAREWREW Vocalist In Okinawa, they also
have the tattoo tradition called Hajichi,

664
00:49:50,529 --> 00:49:54,617
In Okinawa, they also have
the tattoo tradition called Hajichi,

665
00:49:54,742 --> 00:49:58,037
in which women's hands
are tattooed, like Ainu.

666
00:49:58,204 --> 00:50:01,707
So that, at least,
can be said to be similar.

667
00:50:01,999 --> 00:50:06,045
Many people have a fascination
for Jomon culture,

668
00:50:06,212 --> 00:50:10,716
and they say it was passed on
to Ainu culture.

669
00:50:10,841 --> 00:50:16,222
It's partly correct.
For example, the respect for animals.

670
00:50:16,347 --> 00:50:19,558
They had rituals after they ate animals.

671
00:50:19,683 --> 00:50:23,979
If you dig into it,
everything must be connected,

672
00:50:24,104 --> 00:50:29,401
so I don't think
you should stick only to Jomon.

673
00:50:29,693 --> 00:50:31,403
Taro went

674
00:50:31,570 --> 00:50:32,488
to Okinawa around 1960.

675
00:50:32,488 --> 00:50:35,074
Professor of French Philosophy
to Okinawa around 1960.

676
00:50:35,074 --> 00:50:35,199
Professor of
French Philosophy

677
00:50:35,199 --> 00:50:39,745
<i>Professor of French Philosophy There he
responded deeply 10 old folkways and such.</i>

678
00:50:39,745 --> 00:50:39,828
Professor of
French Philosophy

679
00:50:39,870 --> 00:50:43,707
One island, or one human society

680
00:50:43,958 --> 00:50:50,172
is woven into people's lives.
There was an actual example.

681
00:50:50,297 --> 00:50:53,008
He intuitively sensed it.

682
00:50:53,342 --> 00:50:56,845
Things, which for people
in Okinawa, Japan,

683
00:50:56,971 --> 00:51:01,559
are not meant for show,
were interesting to Taro.

684
00:51:01,684 --> 00:51:06,855
He dug up some old festivals
and other customs.

685
00:51:07,147 --> 00:51:11,694
<i>You're not supposed 10 take photos
of the rituals in Okinawa,</i>

686
00:51:11,819 --> 00:51:15,614
because they are solemn and ephemeral.

687
00:51:15,781 --> 00:51:19,451
Photographing can be
a kind of violent act.

688
00:51:19,618 --> 00:51:22,204
But Taro still decided to take photos.

689
00:51:23,998 --> 00:51:26,709
The way of living itself is expression.

690
00:51:27,084 --> 00:51:31,797
The appearances of old women,
and how they walked are

691
00:51:32,089 --> 00:51:34,967
art, as we call it now.

692
00:51:35,134 --> 00:51:41,432
When a group of people
performed something,

693
00:51:41,724 --> 00:51:47,938
Taro found some fundamental
similarities of expression.

694
00:51:57,781 --> 00:52:02,911
As found many times in his book,

695
00:52:03,037 --> 00:52:06,498
what the occupation
by the US army meant.

696
00:52:06,624 --> 00:52:10,669
Was a topic that he clearly understood.

697
00:52:10,794 --> 00:52:15,507
I think it is very important.

698
00:52:16,050 --> 00:52:19,678
What he wrote was not
how wonderful Okinawa is.

699
00:52:19,845 --> 00:52:22,181
He didn't merely write about that.

700
00:52:22,556 --> 00:52:25,434
He knew of
the situation in Okinawa,

701
00:52:26,101 --> 00:52:29,647
and how severe it had been.

702
00:52:29,772 --> 00:52:33,609
Understanding that,
he wrote about Okinawa.

703
00:52:33,734 --> 00:52:38,489
Although we don't doubt
that Okinawa is part of Japan,

704
00:52:38,614 --> 00:52:40,115
it's not true.

705
00:52:40,240 --> 00:52:43,452
Taro had empathy for
people in Okinawa,

706
00:52:43,744 --> 00:52:46,205
and embraced
their issues.

707
00:52:47,289 --> 00:52:50,542
In the same way that
he felt for Okinawa,

708
00:52:50,668 --> 00:52:54,380
Taro had a strong sympathy for

709
00:52:54,880 --> 00:52:58,717
oppressed people. On the other hand,

710
00:52:58,842 --> 00:53:03,722
he didn't like that
some oppressed people have

711
00:53:03,847 --> 00:53:09,728
<i>allowed themselves 10 be
spiritually castrated over time.</i>

712
00:53:10,020 --> 00:53:12,231
He strongly criticized that.

713
00:53:12,481 --> 00:53:17,069
I think it was his love.
With his deep love and sympathy,

714
00:53:17,236 --> 00:53:23,409
he didn't want to see
a castrated way of being.

715
00:53:23,534 --> 00:53:25,744
In our times,

716
00:53:26,036 --> 00:53:30,582
“voluntary servitude”
is becoming a key word.

717
00:53:30,749 --> 00:53:34,086
And that's exactly
what Taro pointed out.

718
00:53:34,211 --> 00:53:37,256
With anger,

719
00:53:37,381 --> 00:53:40,843
he wanted to provoke the question.

720
00:53:41,176 --> 00:53:45,055
I think Tohoku has been
a colony for 1000 years,

721
00:53:45,180 --> 00:53:51,937
over these 1000 years,
people have been castrated and

722
00:53:52,396 --> 00:53:56,066
have forgotten that
they are colonized. To them,

723
00:53:56,358 --> 00:54:00,404
Taro didn't say .
Hey, it's voluntary servitude.

724
00:54:00,821 --> 00:54:05,284
Without those words,
he just encouraged people.

725
00:54:05,451 --> 00:54:10,456
“Create a more intense,
more lively culture.

726
00:54:10,622 --> 00:54:12,958
"Now and here.”

727
00:54:13,250 --> 00:54:18,589
"If you don't do that,
you will be fake.”

728
00:54:18,714 --> 00:54:21,925
Incitingly but encouragingly.

729
00:54:31,101 --> 00:54:36,774
. There is a phrase
voluntary servitude.

730
00:54:36,899 --> 00:54:41,320
Taro had uncomfortable feelings
about Japanese society,

731
00:54:41,487 --> 00:54:45,949
which I think were rooted in this idea.

732
00:54:46,200 --> 00:54:48,160
In 16th-century France,
it was posited by Etienne de La Boetie.

733
00:54:48,160 --> 00:54:50,662
Humanist In 16th-century France, it
was posited by Etienne de La Boetie.

734
00:54:50,662 --> 00:54:50,829
Humanist

735
00:54:50,829 --> 00:54:57,252
Humanist He died early. He
wrote this when he was still young.

736
00:54:57,252 --> 00:54:57,336
Humanist

737
00:54:57,377 --> 00:55:01,507
The ordinary idea is like this:
there is a tyrant.

738
00:55:01,632 --> 00:55:05,511
He asserts power,
and his people have 10

739
00:55:05,677 --> 00:55:09,264
obey in servitude.

740
00:55:09,389 --> 00:55:15,854
So, there is power and
the oppressed people.

741
00:55:16,021 --> 00:55:21,693
This was the basic structure
of society from the modern era.

742
00:55:21,902 --> 00:55:23,529
But La Boetie said no.

743
00:55:23,654 --> 00:55:27,157
A tyrant has great power.

744
00:55:27,449 --> 00:55:33,872
Some people offer to serve him,
acting as his surrogates,

745
00:55:34,039 --> 00:55:39,044
and use his power instead of him.

746
00:55:40,045 --> 00:55:45,050
There are four or five people like that

747
00:55:45,217 --> 00:55:46,677
around a tyrant.

748
00:55:46,969 --> 00:55:50,806
When they function, they use his power.

749
00:55:50,931 --> 00:55:55,227
And then, under those people,

750
00:55:55,352 --> 00:55:58,564
four or five people
come to each one of them,

751
00:55:58,689 --> 00:56:01,525
and they act as surrogates.

752
00:56:01,733 --> 00:56:05,696
Many of these structures are connected

753
00:56:05,821 --> 00:56:08,407
to form a large system.

754
00:56:08,574 --> 00:56:14,746
La Boetie said this was the mechanism
of power and domination.

755
00:56:15,038 --> 00:56:19,918
He revealed the secret of power,
different from previous ideas.

756
00:56:20,085 --> 00:56:24,423
So, what if you want to escape from it?

757
00:56:24,631 --> 00:56:28,051
Each person becomes free.

758
00:56:28,176 --> 00:56:32,180
Like, "I don't want this anymore.”

759
00:56:32,306 --> 00:56:35,267
As soon as someone says this,
it will end.

760
00:56:35,392 --> 00:56:38,395
The system of power will collapse.

761
00:56:38,520 --> 00:56:42,190
It is said that pressure for consensus
is strong in Japan,

762
00:56:42,316 --> 00:56:48,238
and it is because people
themselves surrogate each other,

763
00:56:48,697 --> 00:56:53,410
and can't move freely in this structure.

764
00:56:53,535 --> 00:56:59,374
For example, after the Second World War,
there has been one system.

765
00:56:59,499 --> 00:57:05,464
- Post-war Japan approached
America to act as surrogate for them,

766
00:57:05,589 --> 00:57:09,968
because Japan lost the war.
The behavior of Japan was

767
00:57:10,093 --> 00:57:13,722
voluntary servitude to America.
Because of that,

768
00:57:13,847 --> 00:57:18,560
we want to say that Japan is
one of the most advanced nations.

769
00:57:18,685 --> 00:57:22,981
These words are backed up by
the relationship.

770
00:57:23,106 --> 00:57:28,820
This can be found in many
aspects of the Japanese society.

771
00:57:29,154 --> 00:57:32,157
Probably, if Taro read

772
00:57:32,324 --> 00:57:36,328
"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude”,

773
00:57:36,495 --> 00:57:38,914
he would say “Wow!”

774
00:57:39,039 --> 00:57:42,459
“This is what I think.”
I'm quite sure.

775
00:57:42,584 --> 00:57:46,421
Control systems have become
much tighter than before.

776
00:57:46,546 --> 00:57:51,176
They are reinforced
by "morality” and " justice”.

777
00:57:51,343 --> 00:57:56,807
So, they can't be criticized.
One example is corporate compliance.

778
00:57:56,932 --> 00:57:59,351
What is called justice

779
00:57:59,518 --> 00:58:05,190
secretly connects with
current society's control systems.

780
00:58:05,857 --> 00:58:06,900
The Japanese mentality -
why don't the Japanese argue?

781
00:58:06,900 --> 00:58:11,363
Social Designer The Japanese
mentality - why don't the Japanese argue?

782
00:58:11,363 --> 00:58:11,530
Social Designer

783
00:58:11,530 --> 00:58:15,117
Social Designer Why do the
Japanese avoid arguments?

784
00:58:15,117 --> 00:58:16,159
Why do the Japanese
avoid arguments?

785
00:58:16,368 --> 00:58:19,329
After Japan lost the war,

786
00:58:19,454 --> 00:58:24,209
Japan was supposed to reassess
the wartime experience,

787
00:58:24,334 --> 00:58:29,131
and try to create a new identity
and philosophy for the future,

788
00:58:29,256 --> 00:58:34,886
overcoming the wartime trauma.
It was supposed to be essential.

789
00:58:35,053 --> 00:58:40,475
However, Japan had such a rapid
economic boom,

790
00:58:40,600 --> 00:58:45,147
we didn't have to look back on
our miserable experiences.

791
00:58:45,397 --> 00:58:50,902
But now, it has plateaued.
When we look back at our own path,

792
00:58:51,069 --> 00:58:53,321
the reassessment is missing.

793
00:58:53,447 --> 00:58:58,368
The nation has always shown
constant growth

794
00:58:58,493 --> 00:59:01,371
of the economy for the people.

795
00:59:01,496 --> 00:59:06,835
- But now, people, <i>,</i>
especially the young generation,

796
00:59:06,960 --> 00:59:11,256
don't want anything anymore.

797
00:59:11,506 --> 00:59:12,758
I see this.

798
00:59:12,924 --> 00:59:17,054
Every desire has been

799
00:59:18,221 --> 00:59:21,892
popularized in a way.

800
00:59:22,350 --> 00:59:26,688
If you go over there,
you will get better food,

801
00:59:26,813 --> 00:59:30,942
cooler things, more fun
and more pleasure.

802
00:59:31,276 --> 00:59:37,282
This kind of framework doesn't
work anymore in this society.

803
00:59:37,866 --> 00:59:42,370
The social foundation
that has been built up,

804
00:59:42,496 --> 00:59:45,415
some call it social common capital,

805
00:59:45,540 --> 00:59:51,463
Is being destroyed now.
I have this feeling.

806
00:59:51,588 --> 00:59:53,465
It's a dead end.

807
00:59:53,632 --> 00:59:59,096
We should reassess
and reform society, focusing not on

808
00:59:59,221 --> 01:00:02,808
economic growth, .
but try to create a mature society.

809
01:00:02,974 --> 01:00:08,105
If we don't do that,
when young people like you

810
01:00:08,230 --> 01:00:09,606
become old,

811
01:00:09,981 --> 01:00:11,650
society will be a mess.

812
01:00:15,445 --> 01:00:18,448
We must avoid this.

813
01:00:18,698 --> 01:00:21,618
My grandchildren may say that

814
01:00:21,743 --> 01:00:26,832
we messed up the entire society,
and made their lives harder.

815
01:00:27,249 --> 01:00:30,961
I don't want them to say that.

816
01:00:31,878 --> 01:00:36,258
I want to leave something solid
for them.

817
01:00:36,383 --> 01:00:39,010
What can I do?

818
01:00:39,261 --> 01:00:41,346
I think...

819
01:01:04,828 --> 01:01:08,290
The Great East Japan Earthquake
occurred on March 11.

820
01:01:08,415 --> 01:01:12,711
I experienced a deep helplessness
in a single moment.

821
01:01:23,388 --> 01:01:23,555
The images showed that tsunami
was so powerful and massive.

822
01:01:23,555 --> 01:01:28,560
Artist Group The images showed that
tsunami was so powerful and massive.

823
01:01:28,560 --> 01:01:28,643
Artist Group

824
01:01:28,685 --> 01:01:32,063
We saw it was really
destroying everything,

825
01:01:32,230 --> 01:01:34,900
<i>and we were just speechless.</i>

826
01:01:35,066 --> 01:01:39,362
It changed my sense of values.
Plus, we had Fukushima.

827
01:01:39,487 --> 01:01:44,409
With the Hiroshima, Nagasaki and
Daigo Fukuryu Maru cases,

828
01:01:44,576 --> 01:01:47,662
why did Japan have
this nuclear accident?

829
01:01:48,163 --> 01:01:52,876
The atomic bombs traumatized
the Japanese people,

830
01:01:53,001 --> 01:01:59,007
and we have a horrible fear
of nuclear power.

831
01:01:59,507 --> 01:02:02,761
But we made nuclear power plants.

832
01:02:03,220 --> 01:02:07,432
We haven't sincerely faced

833
01:02:07,682 --> 01:02:10,894
this contradiction at all.

834
01:02:12,437 --> 01:02:14,356
We have...

835
01:02:15,023 --> 01:02:16,900
left things ambiguous.

836
01:02:17,025 --> 01:02:19,945
We went to Fukushima
10 create some art pieces.

837
01:02:20,320 --> 01:02:24,783
Back in Tokyo,
we talked about Fukushima.

838
01:02:24,950 --> 01:02:28,286
It was in Shibuya, I remember.

839
01:02:28,411 --> 01:02:31,873
While talking, Taro's mural in Shibuya
came to our minds.

840
01:02:31,998 --> 01:02:35,126
Then, we went to see
the "Myth of Tomorrow”.

841
01:02:35,877 --> 01:02:37,963
While I looked at the painting,

842
01:02:38,088 --> 01:02:42,467
whose theme is nuclear power
and horrible disasters,

843
01:02:42,592 --> 01:02:48,473
tens of thousands of people
passed by. but no one looked at it.

844
01:02:48,598 --> 01:02:49,975
At that time,

845
01:02:50,141 --> 01:02:55,105
the entire Shibuya area was dim
in order to save electricity.

846
01:02:55,230 --> 01:02:59,734
The city looked different,
due to nuclear power,

847
01:03:00,110 --> 01:03:04,990
but people just ignored it.
It seemed that way to us.

848
01:03:05,156 --> 01:03:06,157
The "Myth of Tomorrow” was made

849
01:03:06,157 --> 01:03:08,827
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART Curator
The "Myth of Tomorrow” was made

850
01:03:08,827 --> 01:03:08,952
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

851
01:03:08,952 --> 01:03:13,999
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART Curator
for the lobby of the hotel e Mexico Olympics.

852
01:03:13,999 --> 01:03:15,417
for the lobby of the hotel
built for the Mexico Olympics.

853
01:03:15,542 --> 01:03:19,170
People from all over the world
would go there.

854
01:03:19,296 --> 01:03:21,756
So, Taro decided to choose

855
01:03:21,881 --> 01:03:25,844
a symbolic image of Japan for the motif.

856
01:03:25,969 --> 01:03:27,345
What was it?

857
01:03:27,512 --> 01:03:32,976
Taro had been exploring what Japan is,
and what the Japanese have

858
01:03:33,101 --> 01:03:36,021
in the core of their minds.

859
01:03:36,146 --> 01:03:40,525
Then, Taro, as a Japanese person,
came to the idea that

860
01:03:40,650 --> 01:03:44,029
he must tackle the atomic issue.

861
01:03:44,154 --> 01:03:46,114
Who else could?

862
01:03:46,239 --> 01:03:51,786
One of the most important themes
of Taro's art, including

863
01:03:51,911 --> 01:03:55,707
the Tower of the Sun, was nuclear power.

864
01:03:55,874 --> 01:04:01,713
I felt that people didn't notice that.

865
01:04:01,921 --> 01:04:07,218
So, in the chronicle of
nuclear disasters that Taro made,

866
01:04:07,344 --> 01:04:11,056
adding the new incident
in Taro's style

867
01:04:11,389 --> 01:04:15,560
seemed like a natural act for us.

868
01:04:15,852 --> 01:04:18,646
A baton from Taro

869
01:04:18,772 --> 01:04:24,152
is relayed to us.
We had that kind of feeling.

870
01:04:24,277 --> 01:04:29,366
We thought "Myth of Tomorrow”
was still ongoing.

871
01:04:29,991 --> 01:04:32,869
That's why we took action.

872
01:04:32,994 --> 01:04:35,246
Nuclear image added”

873
01:04:35,372 --> 01:04:37,248
Mural vandalized”

874
01:04:37,415 --> 01:04:40,502
"Art group claims responsibility”

875
01:04:40,627 --> 01:04:42,170
"Myth of Tomorrow”

876
01:04:42,295 --> 01:04:45,006
Art Historian
had been long missing.

877
01:04:45,006 --> 01:04:45,256
Art Historian

878
01:04:45,256 --> 01:04:47,425
Art Historian Taro's long-time partner
Toshiko searched for it in Mexico.

879
01:04:47,425 --> 01:04:51,763
Taro's long-time partner Toshiko
searched for it in Mexico.

880
01:04:51,971 --> 01:04:54,391
Toshiko told me
the "Myth of Tomorrow” was in Mexico.

881
01:04:54,391 --> 01:04:56,226
Copywriter Toshiko told me the
"Myth of Tomorrow” was in Mexico.

882
01:04:56,226 --> 01:04:57,060
Copywriter

883
01:04:57,060 --> 01:04:59,270
Copywriter
I said, "That's big news!”

884
01:04:59,270 --> 01:04:59,396
Copywriter

885
01:04:59,646 --> 01:05:04,526
She absorbed everything and
gained more and more energy.,

886
01:05:04,651 --> 01:05:08,696
and worked faithfully
like a martyr.

887
01:05:09,072 --> 01:05:13,410
Toshiko met Taro
at the beginning of his career,

888
01:05:13,535 --> 01:05:16,246
and they started working together.

889
01:05:16,579 --> 01:05:17,539
After that, she was his personal
and professional partner

890
01:05:17,539 --> 01:05:20,625
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART Curator After that.
she was his personal and professional partner

891
01:05:20,625 --> 01:05:20,750
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

892
01:05:20,750 --> 01:05:23,461
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator throughout her life.

893
01:05:23,461 --> 01:05:23,586
Taro Okamoto Museum of ART
Curator

894
01:05:23,628 --> 01:05:26,381
Then, finally the mural was found,

895
01:05:26,506 --> 01:05:30,385
and when it was about to
be returned to Japan,

896
01:05:30,510 --> 01:05:35,598
Toshiko passed away.
It was really meaningful timing.

897
01:05:38,184 --> 01:05:40,228
My first time.

898
01:05:41,229 --> 01:05:43,398
No one is looking.

899
01:05:45,108 --> 01:05:46,734
I don't know...

900
01:05:50,405 --> 01:05:53,992
It's dancing, really.

901
01:05:56,411 --> 01:05:58,329
The "Myth of Tomorrow” and the “Tower
of the Sun” were concurrent works.

902
01:05:58,329 --> 01:06:03,001
Art Critic The "Myth of Tomorrow” and the
“Tower of the Sun” were concurrent works.

903
01:06:03,001 --> 01:06:03,084
Art Critic

904
01:06:03,126 --> 01:06:06,004
In the mid-air exhibition at the tower,

905
01:06:06,546 --> 01:06:11,759
There was a section of
mushroom cloud from the beginning.

906
01:06:11,885 --> 01:06:18,349
So, the Tower of the Sun is
clearly related to the atomic cloud.

907
01:06:18,641 --> 01:06:22,645
The "Tower of the Sun” and
the "Myth of Tomorrow” -

908
01:06:22,770 --> 01:06:26,691
We can see them as a set.

909
01:06:26,858 --> 01:06:32,280
The works themselves are
the questions given by Taro.

910
01:06:32,739 --> 01:06:34,282
That's all I can say.

911
01:06:34,574 --> 01:06:38,953
The tower has several faces,
including the front sun.

912
01:06:39,078 --> 01:06:44,042
"The Black Sun” on the back is the sun,
scientifically analyzed by humans.

913
01:06:44,209 --> 01:06:47,295
It symbolizes nuclear energy.

914
01:06:47,420 --> 01:06:50,715
It's cool that he made the face
on the back.

915
01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:52,717
We were told that

916
01:06:53,593 --> 01:06:57,388
Nuclear power generation meant
that human beings

917
01:06:57,555 --> 01:07:02,894
gained an artificial sun.
It was a man-made sun.

918
01:07:03,061 --> 01:07:08,191
With this artificial sun,
we could freely modify nature.

919
01:07:08,316 --> 01:07:12,487
We could make anything possible.

920
01:07:12,612 --> 01:07:15,740
The scientists stated their dreams.

921
01:07:15,865 --> 01:07:18,576
That was a human-made

922
01:07:18,868 --> 01:07:21,204
artificial sun.

923
01:07:28,920 --> 01:07:31,047
The power of nature can be

924
01:07:31,172 --> 01:07:31,464
good or evil,
creation or destruction.

925
01:07:31,464 --> 01:07:35,426
Literary Critic good or
evil, creation or destruction.

926
01:07:35,426 --> 01:07:35,510
Literary Critic

927
01:07:35,552 --> 01:07:40,765
Genuine artists have to
acknowledge and embrace dichotomy.

928
01:07:41,057 --> 01:07:46,396
Probably Taro kept trying to
see the origin of life.

929
01:07:46,521 --> 01:07:52,569
So he couldn't avoid dealing with
the issue of nuclear energy.

930
01:07:52,694 --> 01:07:57,615
Taking his proposal positively
or negatively is a question

931
01:07:57,740 --> 01:08:00,243
that he left to us.

932
01:08:00,326 --> 01:08:07,750
Scholar of Japanese Fine Arts

933
01:08:33,109 --> 01:08:34,402
Progress in science and technology
doesn't care about ideology.

934
01:08:34,402 --> 01:08:39,157
Anthropologist Progress in science and
technology doesn't care about ideology.

935
01:08:39,157 --> 01:08:39,324
Anthropologist

936
01:08:39,324 --> 01:08:42,827
Anthropologist
Separate from values or ideology,

937
01:08:42,827 --> 01:08:44,078
Separate from values or ideology,

938
01:08:44,203 --> 01:08:46,789
It progresses and changes people.

939
01:08:46,914 --> 01:08:51,252
In fact, miniaturized computers
have changed us

940
01:08:51,377 --> 01:08:56,674
on every level of our lives,
communication and relationships.

941
01:08:56,799 --> 01:09:00,345
Things are altered, impossible to undo.

942
01:09:00,470 --> 01:09:05,016
Science and technology are
driven to progress by something

943
01:09:05,183 --> 01:09:07,977
inherent in human brains,
so it just goes on.

944
01:09:08,102 --> 01:09:12,690
But a bigger principle
which can enfold science

945
01:09:14,108 --> 01:09:18,488
might be found in and taken from myth.

946
01:09:18,613 --> 01:09:23,201
I think Taro envisioned that.

947
01:09:23,368 --> 01:09:27,789
He wanted to settle the contradiction,

948
01:09:27,914 --> 01:09:31,709
the contradiction that
he had wrestled with,

949
01:09:31,834 --> 01:09:34,879
and created the Tower of the Sun
as the result.

950
01:09:35,421 --> 01:09:37,048
The world and human beings
never progress.

951
01:09:37,048 --> 01:09:40,134
Ethnologist The world and
human beings never progress.

952
01:09:40,134 --> 01:09:40,259
Ethnologist

953
01:09:40,259 --> 01:09:44,889
Ethnologist
I'm sure Taro sensed that.

954
01:09:44,889 --> 01:09:45,056
Ethnologist

955
01:09:45,056 --> 01:09:46,224
Ethnologist
So he was driven to express it.

956
01:09:46,224 --> 01:09:48,017
So he was driven to express it.

957
01:09:48,768 --> 01:09:55,024
I think people at that time
didn't understand what the tower meant.

958
01:09:55,149 --> 01:09:59,070
And when it comes to us today,

959
01:09:59,237 --> 01:10:02,031
I think we don't understand, either.

960
01:10:02,865 --> 01:10:06,077
"Progress and Harmony of Mankind”

961
01:10:06,244 --> 01:10:09,372
was the theme of Expo '70-Osaka.

962
01:10:10,331 --> 01:10:11,833
The theme sounded mundane.

963
01:10:11,833 --> 01:10:12,250
Artist Group
The theme sounded mundane.

964
01:10:12,250 --> 01:10:12,375
Artist Group

965
01:10:12,375 --> 01:10:16,087
Artist Group It sounded too
straight, almost like a joke.

966
01:10:16,087 --> 01:10:16,254
Artist Group

967
01:10:16,254 --> 01:10:18,172
Artist Group
But now,

968
01:10:18,172 --> 01:10:18,256
Artist Group

969
01:10:18,381 --> 01:10:22,677
the world situation has become
worse since then, so...

970
01:10:23,261 --> 01:10:25,513
Progress and harmony?

971
01:10:25,638 --> 01:10:30,685
Obviously, “harmony” sounds like...
you know.

972
01:10:31,310 --> 01:10:36,357
It sounds like an easy excuse
that you shouldn't even use,

973
01:10:36,482 --> 01:10:38,776
at least for me.

974
01:10:40,194 --> 01:10:42,530
Nuclear Energy for a Bright Future”

975
01:10:42,655 --> 01:10:47,744
The freedoms of speech and
expression have become more restricted.

976
01:10:48,286 --> 01:10:52,957
Public I institutions require
us to not use certain terms:

977
01:10:53,124 --> 01:10:56,711
Nuclear energy, radiation, Fukushima,

978
01:10:56,961 --> 01:11:00,965
Korea, North Korea
and wartime comfort women.

979
01:11:01,090 --> 01:11:07,138
They say that artwork using
those key words won't be subsidized.

980
01:11:07,305 --> 01:11:11,392
I feel that mainstream
contemporary art in Japan

981
01:11:12,185 --> 01:11:17,774
is facing a very serious situation.

982
01:12:01,567 --> 01:12:05,988
The principles which
this society is based on

983
01:12:06,113 --> 01:12:08,282
contain many contradictions,

984
01:12:08,574 --> 01:12:13,663
but we are not allowed to
think about it.

985
01:12:13,788 --> 01:12:16,040
That's what society demands.

986
01:12:16,165 --> 01:12:20,211
So, media, education
and such things force us to

987
01:12:20,378 --> 01:12:24,340
not think. If they see
people thinking, they give us

988
01:12:24,465 --> 01:12:26,551
TV comedies, and we laugh.

989
01:12:26,676 --> 01:12:31,389
Celebrity commentators who pretend
to think appear on TV,

990
01:12:31,514 --> 01:12:35,017
and people just swallow
their “opinions”.

991
01:12:35,142 --> 01:12:40,356
I don't reject our time now,
but I don't understand this...

992
01:12:40,648 --> 01:12:45,903
this emptiness of reality.
And people like that.

993
01:12:48,906 --> 01:12:50,575
I think it's weird.

994
01:12:50,741 --> 01:12:56,581
For 3.11, however, it didn't work.
People couldn't escape from thinking.

995
01:12:56,747 --> 01:13:00,751
About energy. About agriculture.

996
01:13:00,960 --> 01:13:07,091
Also about human relationships.
Are these okay as they are?

997
01:13:07,216 --> 01:13:13,389
But after a few years, we regress
We don't have to think critically.

998
01:13:13,514 --> 01:13:17,894
The message that we can't live
without nuclear energy

999
01:13:18,644 --> 01:13:22,440
is constantly delivered to us.

1000
01:13:22,607 --> 01:13:25,526
So we have stopped thinking again.

1001
01:13:25,985 --> 01:13:29,280
Somehow, we regressed and forgot.

1002
01:13:29,906 --> 01:13:36,120
Why we forgot is partly because
we were forced to do so.

1003
01:13:36,787 --> 01:13:39,790
The Fukushima nuclear plant was said

1004
01:13:39,916 --> 01:13:42,460
to be 200 percent safe.

1005
01:13:43,210 --> 01:13:45,254
We were persuaded so.

1006
01:13:45,379 --> 01:13:50,092
But the people in charge of
controlling the plants

1007
01:13:51,052 --> 01:13:55,306
did not take safety measures

1008
01:13:55,473 --> 01:13:56,933
to protect people.

1009
01:13:57,475 --> 01:14:02,229
They said it would cost
billions of yen for safety measures.

1010
01:14:02,355 --> 01:14:05,149
It's nothing, isn't it?

1011
01:14:05,274 --> 01:14:11,238
I think many things were
exposed at that time.

1012
01:14:11,364 --> 01:14:12,990
One of them is that

1013
01:14:14,158 --> 01:14:19,747
we Japanese are not qualified
10 possess nuclear power plants.

1014
01:14:20,289 --> 01:14:22,750
Morally, technically,

1015
01:14:22,875 --> 01:14:27,171
and on a societal level.

1016
01:14:27,546 --> 01:14:31,968
We are not qualified to
handle such huge things

1017
01:14:32,093 --> 01:14:35,346
that we can't even control.

1018
01:14:35,805 --> 01:14:39,266
They dropped water from
a helicopter like pissing.

1019
01:14:39,392 --> 01:14:42,478
We witnessed, with our own eyes

1020
01:14:42,603 --> 01:14:45,189
an unbelievable catastrophe.

1021
01:14:45,314 --> 01:14:47,483
But we are

1022
01:14:48,484 --> 01:14:52,613
not able to take responsibility.

1023
01:14:52,738 --> 01:14:57,034
We don't have the fortitude
to take responsibility.

1024
01:14:57,368 --> 01:15:00,871
So we want to pretend
as if it didn't happen.

1025
01:15:00,997 --> 01:15:05,334
To make that possible,
everybody tried to

1026
01:15:05,626 --> 01:15:08,212
hide, lie and cover up the facts.

1027
01:15:08,337 --> 01:15:12,508
I think a huge moral hazard
was created.

1028
01:15:38,284 --> 01:15:41,662
Difficult-to-return zone ahead.
Detour here.

1029
01:15:41,787 --> 01:15:44,915
"Local nuclear emergency response
headquarters, Futaba Town"

1030
01:16:36,133 --> 01:16:38,094
It reminds me that

1031
01:16:38,344 --> 01:16:44,642
the Soviet Union imploded six years
after the Chernobyl accident.

1032
01:16:44,934 --> 01:16:47,394
Chernobyl was one of the causes.

1033
01:16:48,395 --> 01:16:52,274
The nuclear power plant accidents

1034
01:16:52,399 --> 01:16:58,823
left a massive negative legacy for us.

1035
01:16:58,948 --> 01:17:01,826
It's impossible to run away,

1036
01:17:01,951 --> 01:17:08,833
but we are trying to run away
and to erase what happened.

1037
01:17:44,743 --> 01:17:49,165
When you see a building
knocked over by tsunami,

1038
01:17:49,623 --> 01:17:54,211
They are making a big coastal barrier.
It is really huge.

1039
01:17:54,336 --> 01:17:57,798
Stunningly huge. That thing

1040
01:17:57,923 --> 01:18:03,888
will really save
the coastal towns and villages?

1041
01:18:04,221 --> 01:18:09,852
When the next disaster happens,
that concrete wall will fall apart.

1042
01:18:09,977 --> 01:18:14,064
We don't have enough financial power

1043
01:18:14,190 --> 01:18:16,567
to maintain the wall.

1044
01:18:17,026 --> 01:18:22,990
It will not protect the future of
towns and villages in the region.

1045
01:18:23,115 --> 01:18:25,910
Everybody knows that.

1046
01:18:29,413 --> 01:18:34,501
I like Taro's saying
Art is an explosion!

1047
01:18:35,336 --> 01:18:39,757
Now, maybe our society is exploding.

1048
01:18:41,175 --> 01:18:45,554
<i>Humankind hasn't progressed at all,
but is losing humanity.</i>

1049
01:18:45,679 --> 01:18:49,934
<i>There is no human who
lives like a human today.</i>

1050
01:18:50,059 --> 01:18:53,187
<i>With your entire body,
even shedding blood,.</i>

1051
01:18:53,312 --> 01:18:56,607
<i>Your life energy blasts off
into the world,</i>

1052
01:18:56,732 --> 01:19:01,779
<i>like a soundless explosion.
Grabbing the moment is</i>

1053
01:19:01,904 --> 01:19:06,033
<i>how you live as a human.
That's what I think.</i>

1054
01:19:26,095 --> 01:19:26,679
A mountain of problems is
right in front of us.

1055
01:19:26,679 --> 01:19:31,392
Social Designer A mountain of
problems is right in front of us.

1056
01:19:31,392 --> 01:19:31,600
Social Designer

1057
01:19:31,600 --> 01:19:33,811
Social Designer We need to figure
out how our society will deal with it.

1058
01:19:33,811 --> 01:19:36,313
We need to figure out
how our society will deal with it.

1059
01:19:36,438 --> 01:19:40,317
Under these circumstances,
what art can do as a social message

1060
01:19:40,567 --> 01:19:44,405
is really significant. But,

1061
01:19:45,030 --> 01:19:46,824
so far,

1062
01:19:47,992 --> 01:19:53,497
historically, we haven't faced
our own problems.

1063
01:19:55,708 --> 01:19:59,795
We are not used to dealing with them.

1064
01:20:00,337 --> 01:20:03,424
Everyone restrained themselves
after the disaster.

1065
01:20:03,549 --> 01:20:06,969
They couldn't do
what they really want to do.

1066
01:20:07,469 --> 01:20:12,182
But we wanted to say,
even when times are like that,

1067
01:20:12,349 --> 01:20:16,603
you can create and do what you want.

1068
01:20:16,854 --> 01:20:17,980
Art has a kind of mysterious feeling,

1069
01:20:17,980 --> 01:20:20,691
TV Producer/Film Director
Art has a kind of mysterious feeling,

1070
01:20:20,691 --> 01:20:20,816
TV Producer/Film Director

1071
01:20:20,816 --> 01:20:23,527
TV Producer/Film Director
which allures people.

1072
01:20:23,527 --> 01:20:23,652
TV Producer/Film Director

1073
01:20:23,652 --> 01:20:27,448
TV Producer/Film Director The "Myth of
Tomorrow” inspired ChimlPom to take action.

1074
01:20:27,448 --> 01:20:29,491
The "Myth of Tomorrow” inspired
ChimlPom to take action.

1075
01:20:30,034 --> 01:20:34,663
I think it's because art is living.

1076
01:20:34,788 --> 01:20:38,292
The existence of the mural in that place

1077
01:20:38,417 --> 01:20:40,878
definitely stimulates us.

1078
01:21:57,871 --> 01:22:01,750
After 3.11, money was not
the standard of value.

1079
01:22:01,875 --> 01:22:05,629
That standard was pushed aside.

1080
01:22:06,463 --> 01:22:09,133
What people do in the situation is...

1081
01:22:09,299 --> 01:22:14,388
For example, a cardboard company
suddenly began cardboard art.

1082
01:22:14,513 --> 01:22:18,100
People do whatever they want to do.
Usually,

1083
01:22:18,225 --> 01:22:21,895
they get feedback like
it be profitable?”

1084
01:22:22,020 --> 01:22:25,899
That makes them hesitate immediately.

1085
01:22:26,024 --> 01:22:30,571
But at that time, everyone was like,
"Great!” "I like it!”

1086
01:22:30,696 --> 01:22:35,659
"Life is great!” Positive feedback
made everybody happy.

1087
01:22:35,784 --> 01:22:41,165
So, many people began
their own activities, which are

1088
01:22:41,498 --> 01:22:46,295
art activities, in a real sense.

1089
01:22:46,420 --> 01:22:51,967
I always say that you should do
something absolutely useless,

1090
01:22:52,468 --> 01:22:55,512
or something absolutely unimportant.

1091
01:22:55,637 --> 01:22:58,474
Whether it's useful or not,

1092
01:22:58,599 --> 01:23:02,186
just do what you really want to do.

1093
01:23:02,436 --> 01:23:05,689
I think art is something that

1094
01:23:05,814 --> 01:23:10,861
doesn't fill your stomach,
but fulfills your spirit.

1095
01:23:11,028 --> 01:23:11,737
Taro said that
art was determination.

1096
01:23:11,737 --> 01:23:16,158
Art Historian Taro said
that art was determination.

1097
01:23:16,158 --> 01:23:16,283
Art Historian

1098
01:23:16,283 --> 01:23:18,994
Art Historian When you
are determined, art is born.

1099
01:23:18,994 --> 01:23:19,328
Art Historian

1100
01:23:19,328 --> 01:23:21,371
Art Historian It may be embarrassing
to show your drawing to someone,

1101
01:23:21,371 --> 01:23:23,540
It may be embarrassing to show
your drawing to someone,

1102
01:23:23,665 --> 01:23:28,545
but the determination to show It
Is art, according to Taro.

1103
01:23:28,712 --> 01:23:32,174
You will change a bit
when you are determined.

1104
01:23:32,883 --> 01:23:32,966
As a performing artist,

1105
01:23:32,966 --> 01:23:37,012
Dancer
As a performing artist,

1106
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